Summery of chapter 11,12 and 13 - Essay Example

Summary of chapter 11, 12 and 13 The three chapters in the book discuss the contemporary theories of philosophy which have been developed and spread in the 20th Century. These theories discussed are a bit different from the original theories that were developed by past philosophers like Plato. However, the issues discussed and elaborated by these theories in all the three chapters concern traditional philosophical issues like knowledge among others explained below (Kline, Hollinger and Klemke, 114).

One of the theories is the logical positivism theory which is also known as neo-positivism theory. This theory discusses philosophical ideologies of empiricism, rationalism and epistemology. The three ideologies combine to present the world view in terms of logic from a mathematical and observational point of view.The other theory discussed in the chapters is analytic philosophy. In the wider sense, the chapters portray this theory as an umbrella of the contemporary philosophical theories that is characterized by formal logical argument that analyses language, symbolism and the natural sciences which it presents as the most important things to understand the world (Kline, Hollinger and Klemke, 125).

The arguments presented in the chapters are not so clear and precise and may therefore lead to misunderstanding of the theories. Analytic philosophy theory for example is not presented in a logical manner that may lead to deductions and arguments being made from it. The other theories not mentioned above have also not been well argued and explained and therefore end up confusing the reader. They are short and not that precise. The chapters therefore require more clarification, elaboration and well framed argument that are reader friendly.

Works CitedKline, David, Hollinger, Robert and Klemke E. Philosophy: Contemporary Perspectives on Perennial Issues. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1993.