Place attachment - Research Paper Example

Place Attachment Literature Review: Concept of place attachment is closely related with the social and cultural relationships. Place attachment includes multidimensional bonds with the environment and practices of the regions. Teddy, Nikora, Guerin illustrated that the bond between people and their living place is considered an important requirement for the psychological well-being of the individuals. The study shows the psychological connection of people belonging to Maori tribe of New Zealand. The authors have found that Maori people maintain complex relationships with their land because they believe that their land has given them an identity (Teddy, Nikora and Guerin). These people are deeply attached with the place they live in and their relationship with the place based on certain important factors including continuity, affection, individuality, symbolism and familiarity. Other authors have discovered that people living in particular areas specifically in smaller regions develop an unbreakable bond with the environment, which let them maintain their behavior and emotional relationship with the other people living in the same area (Rowles and Chaudhury). They strongly believe that their native region is an important source of protection for them and they remain satisfy. Additionally, Teddy, Nikora, Guerin`s study highlights the types of links people form with their region including a bond with the land, with the neighbors, with cultural and religious practices. Also, spiritual and mythological place attachment has been observed among peoples, while some of them also build up their bond with narratives and historical records associated with the particular region. Additionally, in case of place popularity people feel more comfortable and secure while associating their identity with the place (Teddy, Nikora and Guerin). This study focuses on the nature of the bond people form to secure their identity and safety level in relation with the native place. In 2009, Bogac conducted study to show place attachment in foreign settlement. This study focuses on psychological effects on people` behavior and comfort level due to relocation specifically in other countries, where they observe differentiation in every aspect of social, political and economic life. The study suggests that people experience great difficulties while moving from their homes to other places. Specifically when they have to leave their area or home forcefully or under pressurized circumstances (Bogac). It has observed that when individuals leave their native area or home they face adjustment problems in new environment mainly because of place attachment. In relation to involuntary relocation new place and old place attachment directly influence cognitive development of the individuals in an adverse manner (Steward, Liebert and Larkin). The study also explores that place attachment process is slow however its effects are long term. Survey results show that at large scale people miss their nationality, distinctiveness and city, but at small scale they miss their physical environment, neighbors (Bogac). People take a long time to adjust their cultural and religious practices because usually new environment does not support additional cultural or social processes (Steward, Liebert and Larkin). The study conducted by Bogac highlights that people go through psychological disturbances, and major factors that contribute to cause in them a place attachment after being involuntary relocated to foreign areas, but the author has not clearly mentioned those psychological problems (Bogac). Another study conducted by Lewicka in 2008 shows the adjustment problems and behavior of people due to territorial changes in twin cities of Europe after World War II. The authors have discovered that when people were relocated in Central and Eastern Europe they face an intense psychological stress mainly because of involuntary relocation (Lewicka). Initially they face adjustment problems in a new place and then they feared future settlement issues because uncertain city situations (Lewicka). This study also suggests that people uphold different concepts and emotions in relation to place attachment as an ethnic bias has been noticed in the perceptions of people belonging to the two cities Lviv and Wroclaw. Outcomes of the study witnessed that the citizens of Lviv are more attached with their city because of national identity (Lewicka). However, individuals of Wroclaw were reported as less attached with the place based on national identity factors because they report that they are more attached with the place due to place memories including their homes, neighborhood and places of worship (Lewicka). Additionally, it has been found that participants, priorities higher scale identity (national) rather than lower-scale identity (local). Lweicka study focuses of distinguishing perceptions of people belonging to two different cities those who, went through same stressful conditions of war. In 2010 Lewica carried out study to explore the contribution of globalization, mobility and diversity to reflect upon the factor that within past forty years phenomenon of place attachment has been reshaped due to advance processes and life styles, but still attachment with the region is considered as one of the strongest feelings for the place. His study suggests that people are migrating to different places since hundred years and their attachments patterns are changing with the advancement in technologies and socio-economic environments of their old and new living regions (Lewicka.M). A previous study conducted by Fong and Luk in 2006 also supports this point that globalization reflects itself as one of the most influential phenomenon at upper scale that has contributed to impact various aspect and patterns of human life and behaviors. Researchers of both the studies have agreed on the fact on the fact that globalization has played vital role to develop various urban areas and economic standards have compelled people for migration (Fong and Luk). These studies suggest that globalization and migration offer people a chance to reinvent their old neighborhood or they have to develop mutual understanding with the new neighbors. In such situations, attachment with the new or old place depends on the current environmental factors because in some cases people find new environment more comfortable than the previous one (Fong and Luk and Lewicka, M). Additionally, good behavior and ties with the new neighbors also contribute to consolidate their emotions with the place. Lewick study also confirms that closeness with the place either new or old build up with the daily routine activities, which greatly counts the bond and meeting scale with the neighbors. However, his study pinpoints that despite migration and globalization rate of place attachment with the native region is always higher than the rate of change in people`s attachment with place. On the contrary, Fong and Luk study does not agree on this point because his research says that globalization has weaken the people`s bond with their regions as this world has shrunk. Communication and travelling has become very efficient these days, which do not let people feel deprivation from their traditional values and cultures (Fong and Luk). On other hand, Fong and Luk study also acknowledges a concept of "ethoscapes", which present the idea that when people migrate to new place they tend to set their native land traditional values in the new region and look for those individuals who could support or motivate them specifically belonging to same culture or religion. They tend to do so because they want to adjust in the new environment with the belief that settings of their own cultural rituals will help them adopt the new environment quickly (Fong and Luk). The author referred to the American and Canadian society in which intensity of immigrants` influence has been observed at wider scale. The study reflects that notion of ethcoscape refers to generation of new landscapes by the immigrants, that contribute to bring physical changes in the environment and tend to alter the characteristic of the place according to their social and cultural preference through practices (Fong and Luk). Evidences from Liu study confirm that globalization has vital role is building up close bonds along with the urban progresses and linkages of immigrants with the place, which further consolidates with settlement of traditional practices in the new region. The research also explains that globalization and liberalism helped people maintain or construct their identities depending upon their personal priorities or previous living place. Liu study also agrees with Luk study on the point that same ethnic or cultural group support each other to put into practice their traditional styles and cultures. Although, these studies have focused on phenomenon of globalization and potential among people to adjusting their new environment with respect to their preferred styles and practices, but the researchers have not mentioned about the impact of such trends that contribute to bring physical and social shape of the environment with the inducement of some innovative cultures in others` countries. In 2009 a case-study based research has been conducted by Colombo, Luisa and Rebughini in order to identify the collective behavior of young adolescent immigrants in Italy. This research pinpoints the future perplexities of the next generation faced by the immigrant individuals in Italy. At first place, authors have discovered identity crisis problems face by the individuals of second generation (Colombo, Leonini and Rebughini). Identity crisis refers to the situation when individuals carry their traditional values and practices with them to other country where they have to deal with the social and cultural practices of the new region and new people. In circumstances people could not develop their single identity because sometimes they solely relate themselves with the nationality of their native land while most of the time they have to try mingle with the new traditions and practices in order to adjust in the foreign countries (Colombo, Leonini and Rebughini). Italian researchers have also found that second generation individuals face various problems in their academic career mainly because of ethnic, language and cultural differences between them and other native students at schools (Colombo, Leonini and Rebughini). The study explores that, children feel uncomfortable while interaction with their school mates and difference in languages contribute up to considerable extend. Consequently, immigrant students have to face isolation and in such situations they miss their native land and friends who use to be with them in their early childhood at schools and neighborhood (Colombo, Leonini and Rebughini). Moreover, this study suggests that such immigrants should adapt a strategy of mimicry in order to survive in a new region. Mimicry refer to the practices of hiding one`s nationality and ethnicity in order to overcome the fear of being discriminated and isolated by the native members of the society. Tourism is another important phenomenon that relates with notion of place attachment and mobility changes. Mclntyre, Williams and McHugh research on place attachment mobility describes that mobility and multi dimensional settlement tends to promote formation of boundaries and rebuilding of landscapes. In this context, globalization and migration are two inter-linked terms that greatly contribute to increase mobility changes and its relationship with the place attachment. In the comprehensive study Mclntyre, Williams and McHugh informs that most conceptualization of regions include three fundamental elements such as location, material shape and time and money investment. Today, scholars widely agree on the fact that place should be studied as objective rather than subjective matter because during researches on globalization broadly includes understanding of place through differentiated perceptions. Mclntyre, Williams and McHugh study suggests that according to latest researches scholars have rejected the conceptualization of the place as a bounded or self-contained article because interconnections and exchange of activities with the environment is the foremost thing to lead the foundation of place attachment. Literature highlights that closeness with the regions is a most important factor that gives value to the place and vital way to describing meaning of the places (McIntyre, Williams and McHugh). Additionally, it is also emphasized that a place and attachment with it should be studies through people experiences and its traditional characteristics rather than those changes, which the immigrants have settle downed. This study pinpoints another fact related to mobility and place attachment. The authors explained apart from physical mobility that brings changes in attachment patterns of individuals as we have already observed in other studies (McIntyre, Williams and McHugh). Imaginative mobility also contributes to defined people and place attachment. This thought implies that when people experience imaginative mobility via media sources such as TV, radio or newspaper. It is noteworthy that physical and imaginative mobility both have different impact people`s attachment with the other members and place. Additionally, mobility can cause negative as well as positive impact on cognitive developments and people closeness with the place (McIntyre, Williams and McHugh). However, the authors of study have not mentioned those negative or positive influences in their research. There are various factors that contribute to create a bond between individuals and their living places. Apart from cultural and social values religion plays a vital role to build up a relationship of people with their living region. In 2004 Mazumdar and Mazumdar presented a study of sacred places to show relationship between place attachment and religion (Mazumdara and Mazumdar). Religion strongly influences people`s lifestyle, and their daily practices specifically worship places and communal gatherings help people develop a strong bond with the area and other people living in the same community. The study shows that religious people like to live near their worship places, which facilitates them during worship and consequently an attachment is developed with the place mainly for religious purposes (Mazumdara and Mazumdar). Additionally, when a strong relation is formed with the other people come for collective prayers place attachment increases. This study explores that religion attachment also contribute to build an attachment with the new place which seem more attractive and religious to people with respect to their own religious rituals and practices (Mazumdara and Mazumdar). Architectural fame and popularity of the religious places has significance importance on other hand that attracts people from regions to visit or migrate to particular locations (Mazumdara and Mazumdar). Researchers highlighted examples from different religions including Islam, Hinduism and Christianity to view place attachment from a wider spectrum. For example, Putman pinpointed in his research that Banaras is a scared place for the worshippers of Lord Shiva belonging to Hinduism. Hindus believe that Banaras is place of special qualities, which helps them take closer to their God. Scared structures and features increase spirituality among worshippers and attract them such as, river Ganges is believed as a spiritual place in Banaras that has a strong bond with the people who go to worship Lord Shiva there (Bowen). Myths and beliefs that are associated with the places of worship further strengthen their faith and attachment with the place. Similarly, in 2002 Bowen discussed the attachment of Muslim people with two important religious places in Saudi Arabia. Mecca and Madina are two most important worship places for Muslims that attract Muslims from all corners of the world (Bowen). Historical records show that millions of Muslims visit Mecca and Madina every year and they form a very strong bond with the place. Some Islamic studies have revealed that they get attached with the place in very deep way that they even do not wish to go back to their native places (Bowen). Additionally, Bowen study suggests that attachment with religious places does not solely depends upon the infrastructure and scared architects, but religious socialization also play a key role in strengthening the myths and beliefs of people associated with the divine places that consequently create a link between religious people and religious places (Bowen). Also, a sense of place and religion identity is another important factor that contributes to form place attachment among religious people and does not let them find satisfaction at places which are far away from particular religious areas. Recent study over similar issue related to place attachment and religion carried out by Burton in 2010 brings to light that attachment with religious places is quite different from the phenomenon of attachment with secular places. The scholars have coined the term religiousness to reflect with the understanding of religious beliefs, values and traditions at individuals` scale. The study shows that religious people are mostly highly spiritual and deeply attached with their religious practices. When people show connectedness with the place due to some religious reasons their emotions are recognized as religious place attachment. This study agrees with the fact presented in the Mazumdar and Mazumdar researchers, but additionally it sheds light on people`s psychological aspects in terms of their connectedness with the place due religious beliefs an rituals. Survey report of Burton summaries that religious places near residential area are sometime believed as fortunate places. People develop a strong bonding with their local area due to the presence of secular places in their region. Moreover, it has noticed that sometimes value of scared places further increases because of natural surroundings or built infrastructures that not solely develops bond with the near residents, but people from distant regions also form a relationship with such places (Burton). Scared places also potentially contribute to construct an identity of people and than people start associating their identities with the place and they feel proud about the fact mostly when place is reputable and well-known at larger scale. Burton study further discusses that strong sense of place attachment focuses on influential experiences and memories and via place making procedure of scared regions (Burton). Potential of participation in such processes help individuals attain self-power and a chance to explore mysteries related to the sacred places. It implies that individuals who show interest towards place making processes of scared places are deeply related with the place through their memories and experiences with the local area (Burton). Additionally, it does not sole mean that they work for being in bond with the place, but they also seek their personal benefits, such as happiness and health, which they could get through contribution in the process of scarilization. Some other scholars have discussed the role of memory in developing strong place attachment among the migrants of first generation. Key areas of Becker 2003 study include initial stages of adjustment in the new area, and forms of memories and emotive dimensions that are developed through experience of different place neighbors and region scale (Becker). The author of the study has explored that the picture of local landscapes or city structures are gathered in ones memories via routine practices within a specific area (Becker). Especially childhood memories play important role in an individual life to reflect his behavior and experiences in a new country. Present literature shows that childhood location memories construct place preferences later in life (Becker). Moreover, when individuals experiences great difference in their present and past locations they tend to behave anxiously and always try to go back to their native regions (Becker). Outcomes of the study shows that foreign people who are living in the UK expressed that whenever they get chance to go back to their homeland they feel comfortable and very relaxing because they associate those native places with their childhood memories. Becker study further explores that there are some other factors that help individuals form a relationship with the new place. However, initially individuals find it difficult to build up a bond with the new physical environment (Becker). But, employment and settlement issues compel these new migrants of first generation to build up the bond with the new people and place for the sake of survival and socialization of next generation (Becker). Additionally, the study shows that generation gaps further widen due to opposite feelings and emotions of first and second generation for the land the ancestors have left behind and the new country. In 2009 a study conducted by Scannell and Gifford has explored three-dimensional frameworks to discuss the notion of place attachment broadly. The authors have reviewed a wide range of concepts and phenomena to define place attachment via an organized framework including person-place-process dimensions. The research shows that individual aspect of the framework relates with individual characteristics and preferences of the people in context of their bond with the place that are formed through childhood or adulthood experiences during long term interaction with natural and civic environment of the region (Scannell and Gifford, Defining Place Attachment: A Tripartite Organizing Framework). Moreover, the place context focuses on the attributes of the elements present in the physical environment that greatly influence various aspects of individuals lives and daily activities. These qualities also include patterns of social and cultural practices that reshape peoples` perceptions and contribute to either strengthen or weaken their bond with the place (Scannell and Gifford, Defining Place Attachment: A Tripartite Organizing Framework). Additionally, the authors have reviewed various terminologies to represent the role of different functions and procedures of the elements and social activities carried out by the native citizens to maintain their individuality and construct an identity on higher scales through potential characteristics of the place. Scannell and Gifford explained that it was important to study the phenomena of place attachment through multidimensional approaches because it helps practitioners understand the psychological distress individuals face due to involuntary relocation and this study is also beneficial to identify the key areas, which need attention to utilize public places such as park in order to support distress and grieved members of the society. A latest study shows relationship between natural and civic place attachment and pro-environmental behavior of community members. Scannell and Gifford have demonstrated in their study that the bond between place attachment and the pro-environmental attitude is vague. It is evident from previous studies that people are undoubtedly attached with their native place because of the environmental condition. However, they authors have categorized environment as civic and natural in order to study the difference between people`s attachment with natural and city environment of the region (Scannell and Gifford). The study shows that some people are attached with their home places because they feel comfortable within the natural environment of the place and their love for the place makes them protect natural beauty of the region (Scannell and Gifford). These are those people who believe that it is almost impossible for them to go somewhere else and live specifically in those areas where atmospheric or natural conditions are entirely different (Scannell and Gifford). Moreover, this study suggests that place attachment is multidimensional process which include personal preference, psychological procedures and place dimensions. Hidalgo and Hernandez study witnesses that different group of people uphold different concepts of place attachment. For instance, some people do not want change in their physical environment and if any group or community tends to physical changes in the environment they oppose such decisions for the sake of their attachment with the physical structures and architects present in the specified regions (Hidalgo and Herna ndez). Moreover, the study suggests that at city level people are more attached with their physical i.e. civic environment, while traditional people in remote areas are more attached with their natural environment (Hidalgo and Herna ndez). Also, it has observed that people are more attached with the good quality natural environment similarly city people believe that places which possess better social and economical qualities are more beneficial for them (Hidalgo and Herna ndez). So they prefer developing attachments with the regions that offer good social and economical life. In addition, Scannell and Gifford have pinpointed that despite attachment with the natural and civic environment people rarely contribute for the protection of the society (Scannell and Gifford). However, it is needed to encourage people to alter their daily life activities including consumption of energy for home and office use in order to maintain a pro-environmental behavior. Scannell and Gifford have covered an important aspect in their study related to behavior of individuals towards the environment they are attached with. The authors have also focused on the fact that change in required in citizens` behavior to protect their environment and awareness through education can help people understand their responsibilities towards the protection of the environment (Scannell and Gifford). Despite useful recommendations, the study does not suggest proper measures needed to be adapted by the community members. Another important study conducted by Brown and Raymond illustrates the role and value of landscapes in building up a place an attachment among citizens. This research explores the bond between place attachment and the landscape importance via psychometric and scale-based measures. At first place, the authors have examined psychometric attachment scale in Australia and its link with the region based landscape importance. When place attachment has been observed through two dimensional scale that included place identity and place dependence measures, it has been found that people possess mixed feelings about particular physical settings of the environment (Browna and Raymondb). The study reports that citizens believe that attributes of the physical environment develop a positive emotional bond between them and their place. Additionally, they systematically recognize settings of the environment which give them meaning and purpose of life to associate their identity with a specific region (Browna and Raymondb). On other hand, place dependence based on the linkage between particular activities and structural arrangement of the environment. Place dependence is considered very important because people become habitual of carrying out their routine activities within the particular settings of their physical environment (Browna and Raymondb). This factor clearly shows the contribution of environment in providing feasible conditions to its people in order to assist them in their daily work. Brown and Raymond have also explained that when local individuals experience change in their environment they show an unwilling behavior towards the changes consequently conflict arises mainly when a place become overcrowded with the migrants. Further, this study highlights map-based place attachment, which indicates that value of place or region at global level also contribute to form stronger bond with its people because citizens feel proud for their region or place importance at large scale (Browna and Raymondb). Wind song conducted study in 2010 to spotlight the importance of home in relation to other places. Current literature shows that home is the most important aspect of place attachment. Researchers have discovered that complexities take place due to home ownership issues that builds up a unique bond of place attachment with the individuals. Authors of the study aimed to present difference between the feelings and viewpoints of home owners and other members in context of place attachment (Windsong). Literature of the study suggests that place attachment is a psychological processes, which is also an important need of human. Sense of belongingness and as an individual or group member develops an improved understanding of the regions and its special distinguishing characteristics (Windsong). However, main focus of the study is that to find out the difference between the feelings of home owners and those who live in rental homes, but outcomes of the study shows mixed results in relation to emotions for the home attachment. People possess distinct perceptions because some home owners lives in their homes, while some of them rent out their homes (Windsong). Thus, when people rent out their properties they cannot develop attachment with that place. However, on other hand those landlords who live in their homes for longer period develop a stronger bond with the place as well as with the home as compare to those who live in rental houses. Major reason that has been reported behind this difference in emotions is that time period matters a lot in this regard as it has been noticed that those who live in rented houses keep on changing their home after a particular interval with respect to their agreement with the landlords (Windsong). But, home owners mostly spend a long period in their own houses and they face more adjustment complexities when they have to move somewhere else away from their native area. Moreover Mallet study suggests that there are some other factors that contribute to form distinctive place attachments among people for their homes. Important factors that are included in her study are considered responsible for altering people`s emotions towards their homes and places. Mallet has found that personal philosophical, psychological and family cultural values are most prominent key areas, which play role to design cognitive perceptions of an individual or a group of individuals. Additionally, the author has discovered that the interaction patterns are other important factors of consideration because these facts have very deep impact on people preferences and like or dislikes in relations to environment attachment (Mallett). thus, specific research that solely based on home attachment without consideration of other factors seem very limited to present people`s perceptions and difference between thoughts of a variety of people regarding place attachment. In 2010 another scholar presented the concept of place attachment through explanation of development theory of place attachment. In the study, Morgan has analyzed that the notion of place attachment refers to an experience of human body with the material world. Attachment literature reflects that place theory does not present discussion of developmental procedure while developmental theory suggests that place attachment arises from the living experiences in particular regions (Morgan). However, previous studies show that there is no organized place theory because field of region research include multidimensional factors based philosophical consideration is an association with the ground realities of physical environment. Morgan study suggests that place attachment and childhood memories have an important role in constructing adult identity of the person. Sense of belongingness develops after spending a considerable period in a specific area. It explicitly highlights that physical environment contributes to induce various behavioral attributes and changes in the personalities of the individuals (Morgan). Moreover, literature of the study pinpoints that attachment theory also considers facts related cognitive developments of human mind, which are reshaped through genetic characteristics and complex environmental qualities for studying place attachment relations (Morgan). However, outcomes of the Morgan research explains that place theory and developmental theory both have become important sub-branches of psychological studies. Attachment theory play part to present an understanding of useful description of developmental concepts, while place theory still possess some weaknesses to elaborate impact of environmental attributes on child`s or adult`s bond with the place. An important dimension relates with the notion of place attachment is that nature of the psychological association between environment and people is very important in determining in the place attachment with the particular region. Scholars have point out three major psychological patterns that contribute to enhance sense of place and typically considered in several theoretical studies related with human bond with materialistic world such as Stedmen study in 2002. Those three vital psychological aspects include behavior, cognition and influence. Their study suggests that sometimes cognition and effect contribute to form a perception about the place or develop a sense of relatedness, while in some other conditions all three factors contribute equally. Stedmen study also highlights that behavioral level as an important part of psychological procedures, which gives rise to attachment with place via actions, reaction and interactions with other members of the society. Positive attitude of people towards each other and comfortable attributes of the environment, which easily goes with the nature of its residence are two important characteristics that forms closeness with the region and this feeling deepens specifically when people go away from their local and become homesick (Stedmen). Additionally, extended period away from home invoke a great desire among individuals to go back to their homes. Study related to environment and behavior conducted by Vorkinn and Riese in 2001, talks about environmental bonds, socio-demographic factors and socio-psychological construct. This study pinpoints that instrumental perceptions play an important part in building patterns of environmental relationships. The authors of the study considered environment as a verifier of communal attitude and wellbeing. Theme of this study mainly revolved around the concept that when make certain laws to live in a particular region then their human behavior and relationship with the place can be easily observed through their action and reactions within the specific laws of the area. This approach has been criticized by many scholars with this believe that relationship of the individuals with their regions can be studied or observed based on particular behavior of individuals with in a specific situation. Additionally, scholars believe that for human bonding with the physical environment it is highly important that residents should have love and care for the place they live in. Love and care cannot observe based on those actions of people which they show in specific situation. Vorkinn and Riese study targeted the people of Norway to examine their behavior and reaction towards developmental change in their region to analyze the nature of their bond with the place. Outcomes of the study are mixed as it has observed that when Hydro Power project was proposed in the region people show differentiation in behavior. However, study failed to highlight the reasons behind different perception of people towards developmental change. Manzo and Perkins research also draws attention towards psychological aspect of attachment study. Their research demonstrates linkage in the course of environment and society psychology literature on place relation along with the meaningful theoretical perspectives, practices, of societal role and planning. Every area that has been covered in this research includes a wholesome information regarding links, which are developed after spending a considerable time period at the place (Manzo). Traditionally, theories on place attachment emphasized on the individuals` emotions and understandings, but literature had not reflected these relationships through wider spectrum in socio-political contexts. On the other hand, the societal strategy literature focuses on role and empowerment of community members, but it ignores the touchy linkage with the area. Yes these bonds possess potential to encourage collaborative efforts to strengthen and progress one`s society (Manzo). As this study mainly deals with the ideas and behavior of individuals thus, it contributes to provide how one`s action and reaction reflect upon the whole society and the situations. In which sometimes people feel proud of their land because of one individual`s image at higher level. The authors of the study have shed light on the phenomenon that people get attached with the place because of their good relations with their neighbors and images of their neighbors at national level (Manzo). Additionally, to further strengthen their bond they don’t mind spending money and time on their neighbors. Undoubtedly, Manzo and Perkins has highlighted an important characteristic of people`s feeling in context of their attachment with the place. However, it is noteworthy that sometimes negative images and bad attitude of neighborhood can bring out negative consequences either in shape of hatred for the place or for particular neighbors (Manzo). In this study, the authors have failed to show the both sides of the picture concerning neighborhood role for developing sense of closeness with place among residents. Conceptual Framework: Phenomenon of place attachment is vast and perceptions of researchers as well as other individuals vary greatly in context of it consequences and impact on different aspects of life. Conceptual framework of this study based on the weaknesses or shortcomings of the previous researches in which scholars have talked about people`s attachment with their homes, neighborhood, regions or native land. Various psychological percepts have also been revealed in many studies that have been mentioned in the literature review, but no research has been observed on attachment with particular infrastructure or place that ultimately turns into attachment with the entire region. Literature shows that cognitive development, immigration and psychological factors contribute most to set a bond with the place, but no study has pinpointed the addictive aspects in context of place interconnectedness. This research shall also study the topic in addiction context because it is related with the Pubs in Saudi Arabia (Smith). Additionally, some other weaknesses have also been noticed in previous studies, which failed to discuss all pros and cons of effects of advancements in technology and globalization that have brought many changes in people `cognitive demands and preferences. Moreover, it is noteworthy that wholesome information regarding attachment with place and behavior of people towards their surroundings and other members has been left out unclear. This study shall also intend to cover those aspects, which were not discussed in the previous researches and will exclude out those parts that have been repeatedly been discussed in various studies related to place attachment such as childhood memories (Smith). As the topic of the research is place attachment with the pub spaces in Jeddah Saudi Arabia is very different and rarely studied, thus a wide variety of literature has been observed for this study, but no research has been conducted yet to find out people` attachment with the pub places in Jeddah Saudi Arabia and the problems people face due to their attachment with the region. In some studies, it has noticed that Muslim people are attached with Saudi Arabia for religious purposes mainly because of two important cities of Arab i.e Mecca and Madina. In addition, as Saudi Arabia is an Islamic country so there is no open concept of such places, where alcohol and other substances are easily available. Therefore, the conceptual framework of the study based on the perceptions and attachment of Muslim people with the Pub spaces in Jeddah and other factors, which may contribute to interfere their attachment with such places. This research will study pub place attachment via multidimensional context and will also consider the observation and notions of attachment with pub in Non-Muslim countries. Designed conceptual framework will help in the identification of relevant data needed to gather and study specifically from the people of Jeddah Saudi Arab in order to attain the target of the research. Ideas, such as weaknesses of other studies, addiction with place and negative and positive influences of place attachment on people are some important part of this conceptual framework, which will lead researchers to work according to the proposed research design (Smith). Works Cited Becker, G. "Meanings of Place and Displacement in Three Groups of Older Immigrants,." 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