Various Aspects of Health Care - Essay Example

Running Head: HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Health and Social care Name Institution Date Health and Social care Physical care Chronic diarrhea or frequent runny or watery bowel movement results from gastrointestinal infections (GI) caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites and these varies with regions and hygienic status of the residents; those that last for more than three days are sign of medical condition. There is need for Mr. Dale to seek the attention of medical professionals immediately (Hanauer & Marteau, 2001, p. 67-79). It is important for the patient to drink a lot of water to prevent dehydration due to excess water that he has lost or for good health whether as a first aid or treatment. After a through laboratory assessment, the patient was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis which is a complication of an inflammatory bowel disease or a disease of the intestine which bearing the characteristics of open sores or ulcers in the colon (Dodi & Spencer, 2006 p. 156-164). Apart from adhering to the medication prescribed by the doctor, the patient needs to consider a good diet or healthy lifestyle which consists plenty of fresh vegetables, fiber and lots of water or other health fluids helps the system of Mr. Dale to digest more easily and absorption of more nutrients to replace the ones lost. Moderate exercise should be considered for example, a little walk with the help of Physiotherapist may boost the digestive system and prevent the development of thromboembolic complications like venous thrombosis but if it is not possible the patients should have a bed rest to conserve the little enough remaining in the body (Walker-Smith, Hamilton & Walker, 2001 p. 245-251). Mostly chronic diarrhea is treated with the injection against viruses like rotavirus and enter-viruses, and other microorganisms like bacteria which causes gastrointestinal infections. However, the complication of ulcerative colitis mostly combines the medicinal administration and surgery. At minor stages, the medications are administered to induce remissions, maintenance of remission, minimize the side effects of the treatment, improvement of the quality of life of the infected by reducing the severity of the accompanying complications and minimize the risks of complications of chronic illnesses like cancer (Doherty, 2010 p. 135-137). The preferred medications include: 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA and mesalazine) and immunomodulators to reduce intestinal inflammation. There are no medicines to completely ill the Ulcerative colitis so when the symptoms get to the severe stages a surgery is conducted to remove the infected large intestines (colectomy) (Warner & Barto, 2009 p. 87-89). The problem at hand is loss of nutrients and fluid through vomiting and diarrhea or anorexia. For nursing care, Total Parental Nutrition should be considered to directly injecting nutritional formulas which contains necessary nutrients like glucose amino acids, salts, vitamins and lipids without going through the ordinary eating and digestive processes. Intravenous therapy is considered in case the symptoms of the disorder are complicated that the patient is not able to get food through other routes. If total parental nutrition or total nutrient admixture is considered the health professionals should be keen to observe the flow of fluid which is used to give in nutrients in the body as well as checking the changes in the body weight. The nurses should be keen to monitor the pattern of intake and output of the fluid as well and the changes in eth weight of the patient. In case of severe symptoms or much pain medicines like morphine should be administered to relief the pain (Farraye, 2010 p. 156-167). An electrolyte balancing is essential in the maintenance of a health body and helps the body to support processes like blood chemistry and muscle action among others. These are the minerals present in the urine, blood and the other body fluids. The volume and the distribution of the body fluids should be evenly for the assurance of distribution of the essential minerals in all parts of the body. It is important for the parents and others nursing the condition of Mr. Dale to consider these most essential factors for the treatment of disorders he is going through (Farraye, 2010 p. 112-132). Whether a in or out patient, Mr. Dale need to be kept under medication to prevent the occurrence of some serious complications like deep vain thrombosis or clot of the blood in the deep veins as a result of insufficient body fluids to transport the substances, the most affected are the veins of the legs. Prophylaxis with a low dose unfractionated heparin-LDUH or LMWH. LMWH is considered to be more effective than unfractionated heparin (UFH). The patient should also be advised to have some moderated exercises and sometimes remain in bed to prevent complication of deep vein thrombosis some pain relievers like pethdine and morphine to reduce the pain that the patient suffers on the left abdominal. The patient suffers so much pain caused by signs and symptoms of the disorder, morphine is considered as the strongest pain reliever especially is a serious and complicated condition thus endangering the health condition of the patient. It is also considered as a steroid for anti inflammation for the purpose of reducing the asthma. The medicine should be properly taken and the professionals be keen on observing the occurrence of the possible and serious side effects like purple or blue color of the skin, fainting and swelling in various parts of the body or respiratory depression detected by slow respiratory rate. For prevention of the other complications like vomiting, the patient needs some medication like stemetil to reduce the effects of the severe symptoms (Hanauer & Marteau, 2001, p.154-158). The parents need someone to always interpret to them the medical requirements of handling the condition of his son since they do not know English. Spiritual care As committed Islamic followers, the parents of Dale should pray with him at least five times a day as recommended by the faith. These prayers should be accompanied by sharing and guidance of the spiritual faith thus the patient may realize his importance in the presence of God and his concern for him and plan to make him the way he is. The “Muslim priest” should also regularly visit him to pray together with the family and encourage him to be firm in his religious faith. This also create an opportunity for the patient to discuss his private life with the concern parties thus be able to affirm his faith in God (O'Brien, 2010, p. 167-173). Cultural care Most of the cultures may develop stigmatization for the people with chronic illnesses like the one that Dale has. This applies not only in the society but also all the social places like schools thus the patient might have difficulties seeking to be appreciated by the rest of the students or the other members of the society. It is therefore essential for this parents, relatives and close friends to set up some norms and customs which will lead their cultures to accept and accommodate him. This is essential for the enhancement of the healing process or improves the health condition since some of the symptoms like fatigue will be easily overcome because the patient feels motivated and appreciated in the society he is living in. the set cultures should also include ways of motivating the patient to adhere to the health instructions directed by the doctors. For example, taking diet that is most suitable for the condition and always acting by other simple instructions like undertaking moderate exercises and avoid drinking of alcohol and other substances which may be harmful to the body (Saucier & Janes, 2009, p. 187-189). Psychosocial care, including emotional and mental care With the chronic complication, the patient feels discouraged and isolated from the society. He even feels isolated from the social activities because of being hospitalized for his unhealthy condition. The exhaustion, fatigue and limitations of the lifestyle is demoralizes and isolates Dale from the health people. He is distressed by his severe symptoms and always very anxious because he is preparing for his (HSC grade 12) final exams, much attention is required to support him during this period thus his condition may not affect his performance. A social worker and many close friends should be encouraged to visit and share with him. This will encourage him to accept his condition and by conveying the understanding of his concern thus assisting in development of the strategies to cope with the condition. The patient needs much attention from those living with him so as to overcome the most complicated emotions rising from his condition. Such emotions like fear of death, loneliness and isolation highly affects his psychological status resulting to such complications as mental illness as well as some chronic illnesses like ulcers caused by stress. Dale needs to be convinced that his condition is not too unusual or odd in life n he is not very different from the other people (Kindlen & Peattie, 2003, p. 156-163). Environmental care The condition of Dale is a bit sensitive because of the symptoms that he bears, for example, diarrhea and vomiting requires him to be kept in an extra clean environment to enhance the reduction and minimization of their complications. His main problem includes his inability to cope with excess noise calm stress and uncluttered environment as a result of his weak condition. Much nursing care is essential to ensure that the patient is in the most suitable environment for his condition. Excess noise should be removed and the sanitations should be well cleaned and disinfected to kill the germs or microorganisms which are likely to affect other people or even complicate the condition of the patients (Neal & Guillett, 2004 p. 104-109). The patient also requires good resting place which is comfortable for preservation of energy since the body is very weak after losing so much nutrients present in the fluid lost. Generally the environment in which the patient lives in should be under all circumstances supportive to his healing process or improvement of the body health. Everything should be moderate including the noise, light and temperature in relation to the sufficient levels of corticosteroid to enable the individual to physically cope with stress. This should be considered with the intention of improving the health condition of the patient (Schoen, 2008, p. 166-168). Reference list Dodo, G. & Spencer, R. (2006). Outpatient Coloproctology. New York: PICCIN. Doherty, G. (2010). Current Diagnosis & Treatment Surgery. New York: McGraw Hill Professional. Farraye, F. (2010). Questions & Answers About Ulcerative Colitis. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Hanauer, S. & Marteau, P. (2001). Ulcerative colitis: focus on topical treatment. Paris: John Libbey Eurotext p. 67-79. Kindlen, S. & Peattie, P. (2003). Physiology for Health Care and Nursing. Salt Lake: Elsevier Health Sciences. O'Brien, M. (2010). Spirituality in Nursing: Standing on Holy Ground. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Neal, L. & Guillett, S. (2004). Care of the adult with a chronic illness or disability: a team approach. Salt Lake: Elsevier Health Sciences. Saucier, K. & Janes, S. (2009). Community health nursing: caring for the public's health. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Schoen, B. (2008). Psychiatric-mental health nursing: adaptation and growth. Michigan: Michigan University p. 166-168. Warner, A. & Barto, A. (2009). T100 Questions & Answers About Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: A Lahey Clinic Guide. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Walker-Smith, J, Hamilton, J. & Walker, W. (2001). Practical pediatric gastroenterology. New York: PMPH-USA. Read More