Information Leaflet on Health Promotion - Essay Example

Health Promotion on providing information leaflet on taking Aldronate/Risedronate tablets Name: Roll No: Class: Teacher: Subject: January 01, 2008 University: Introduction-National Health Promotion Prime Determinants of health There are many elements of health even though it is regularly referred in the backdrop of illness and disease and poor health although it is more than sickness and ill health. It is a source for routing life and an affirmative notion placing significance on social and private sources as well as corporeal and mental abilities. Definition of health as given by World Health Organization emphasizes on maintaining absolute state of social as well as mental and physical well-being and note just lack of disease or illness. Later on this definition was expanded that health is a source for routing life and not an idea of living. It is thus an affirmative concept that places significance on societal and corporal abilities. There are many elements that manipulate and determine health, whether at personal level or general public levels. The economic, social and environmental elements are the prime external determinants of health. (Silverman. 2006) Factors Involved in National Health Promotion Whereas other factors at individual levels such as sex, hereditary, sex and life style options are also important. Accomplishment of physical as well as psychological welfare is not only the responsibility of a single person. The ability of a person to track good health is confined by unstable degrees of capabilities, data base and economic indications. A broad spectrum of economic, social and environmental elements along with issues of equity, parity and access impact on mental, social and physical well being depends on factors including; poverty; education; health services; unemployment; income appropriateness; and quality of water and housing. (Crannery E. 2002) If the income and sources are not adequate to prevent people from accomplishing a quality of standard of living as set by the particular society, they are said to be living in poverty. Resultantly appropriate income and sources possessed by people may be debarred and trivial from contributing in activities that are termed as normal for other people living in society. People whose echelons of economic affluence is less than other person in the broader community where they live, in fact suffer an uneven load of ill-health and untimely death when measured with the society as a whole particularly for those segments of the society who benefits from economic prosperity. The connection in poor health and superior ethical rates in individuals who are unemployed for long time and also from lower level of socio-economic set of people are the prime focus of health improvement programs. Skills Required Another main element is the education which in its wider sense plays a significant role if every group of population is to extend their capabilities in dealing with the variety of circumstances they confronts in life. On the other hand education has the probability to expand the gap that exist between income powers of already benefitted and those persons who have almost no or little qualification. (Silverman. 2006) Whilst accessibility and approach to health services during recent years have improved globally yet there are certain groups in populations that are still not reaping benefits. People in rural areas and physical remoteness are blockades that have been quoted for men, women in general and older people in particular approaching health services. Underdeveloped literacy skills, places of health records and unstable levels of discrimination are particular constraints for other groups in a set of people seeking for health services. (Wehren E. 2005) Nurses and National Health Promotion Main Responsibilities There are four fundamental responsibilities for nurses. Promotion of health Provide support in prevent illness Play effective role in the restoration of health and Alleviate suffering. These responsibilities are aimed at the promotion of health being prime responsibility at the individual and national level. The necessity for nursing is considered as universal. In this paper we intend to focus on the role of nursing obligatory for promotion of national and domestic health. Nursing is inbuilt in the regard for human rights that not only includes cultural rights but also the right exercised for making choices in life and dignity required to be treated with all due respect. (Silverman. 2006) Nurses undertake to render considerable services for family, society and individuals and harmonize their services with other related groups. The fundamental responsibility for nurse, as already mentioned, is towards people who are in need for nursing care. In the due course of fulfilling this responsibility a nurse is also promoting atmosphere in which values, human rights and spiritual convictions of family, person and society are respected. Self Confidence and Responsibility It is ensured by nurse that every person receive adequate information which could form a basis for care for treatment and care. As such nurse hold self-confidence personal data base and uses verdicts while sharing the relative information. They also share responsibility for instigating and supporting with society to observe the social and health needs for public in specific those of susceptible populations. Further they share responsibility for maintain and safeguarding the instinctive environment from pollution, depletion, poverty and destruction. Nurse holds personal responsibility and answerability for nursing practice along with maintaining ability by continual learning. The nurse sustains a standardized personal health for instance capability to offer care is not cooperated. They use judgment concerning individual ability when delegating and accepting responsibility. (Wehren E. 2005) Nurse at all levels and times sustain standard of individual health with the capability to ensure that proper care is not negotiated. The nurse maintains at all times the standards of personal demeanor which mirrors on profession and augments public confidence. They also provide care by utilizing scientific advances and technology is compatible with dignity, safety aiming at rights of public. Appropriate Standards A vital role is played by nurse in the determination and application of suitable standards in experimental and clinical nursing exercise, supervising, education and research. Nurse should be active in the development of hub of research-based knowledge and perform through professional institutions in the creation of observing safe, fair economic and social working environments in nursing. For the purpose of providing care and promotion of public health nurse maintain cooperative relationship with their co-workers in the related fields of nurse. Nurse undertakes adequate action to protect individuals, communities and families in case their health is jeopardized by their co-workers or other persons. (Crannery E. 2002) Aldronate/Risedronate Tablets to Prevent Fractures Different kinds of medications decreases the risk exposed for bone fractures particularly in old people with osteoporosis. Drug that is most commonly used is bisphosphonates is not proving effective than other options. Performance of Risedronate on the tissues of bone is partly based on its resemblance for hydroxyapatite that is a part of mineral medium of bones. The target of Risedronate is also farnesly pyrophosphate synthase. Bisphosphonates that contain nitrogen such as alendronate etc tends to perform as isoprenoid diphosphate lipids’ analogues. (Sato, Y. 2005) Usefulness of vitamin D and calcium, in the meantime, may differ according to providing of doses and the frequency in which they are provided and also if the patient is using them at a high level of possibility for fracture. Inadequate evidence, in fact, is available for the comparison of supplements with different other therapies in order to avoid fractures. A skeletal disease like Osteoporosis affects people mostly, specifically women in whose case menopause is finished. It happens when weakening tissue decreases bone density in hip, spine and other areas. Resultantly some of the people become disabled or develop chronic pain. Almost fifty percent of women aging more than fifty years and over experience an osteoporosis-linked break in bone during their lifetime, and 1/4th of them with a fracture in hip die inside one year. (Wehren. 2004) Clinical Picture and Diagnosis The clinical picture is pain; fractures of long bone; pain; asymptomatic; headache; vertigo; and in spinal cord compression. As the bone enlarges pressure on critical structure is caused like nerve deafness. It also expands skull and size hat also increase. Long bones bow and warmth is increased on affected bones. Diagnosis is clinical picture and radiographs of sclerotic or lytic or both. Treatment is Salicilates for releasing pain and lessening of pain, and osteoclastic activity. Calcitonin is for treatment with GI along with nasal side effects. Aldronate is strong than calcitonin and normalize alkaline phosphotase. Side effect can be narrated esophageal ulcer. Low pH is the tablet for ulceration. For taking medicine in standing position and should not lie down at least for 30 minutes. Same time is suggested for deferment of food in order to increase absorption. For avoiding hypocalcemia calcium is supplemented. Action against osteoclasts can also result in remission. (McClung. 2001) Initially Risedronate was listed in the start of 2001 on Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Purpose was treating postmenopausal osteoporosis in those patients having fracture because of minimal trauma. TGA has approved Risedronate for treating osteoporosis, plus glucocorticoid tempted osteoporosis. Signs for risedronate sodium supplemented with calcium carbonate that match with Actonel 5mg and 35mg tablets, specifically; treatment of glucococorticoid-stimulated osteoporosis; treatment of osteoporosis; safeguarding bone mineral compactness in patients on continuing corticosteroid therapy. Treatment provided by Risedronate is to avoid fracture in the patients of osteoporotic regarded as having analogous risk of fracture since patients having preceding fracture in past because of minimal trauma. Alendronate is nominated as comparator as considered adequate by PBAC. Meta-scrutiny of arbitrary examination of risedronate results in the avoidance of fractures in people lacking prevalent fracture. Risedronate also decreases risk of initial vertebral fracture in women having osteoporotic. Risedronate is for the avoidance of hip fracture along with supplement of calcium in old women having Alzheimer disease and sodium therapy of risedronate prevents hip fractures in older men of sixty five years and over. (Crannery E. 2002) Model of Health Promotion More people, particularly in old age are being admitted in hospital due to fractures and it is predicted that by the year 2015 the cases will be double than today that reveal the ageing people in spite of change in the incidence related to age. Average age of persons having hip fracture is about seventy five years and rise with the increase in age. It is found more in old women than men. Stay of older person in orthopaedic beds is almost thirty days which is more than the stay which is a longer period than other patients of orthopaedic. (Sato, Y. 2005) Causes of Fracture Fracture in bone happens when strain applied on it exceed strength. It therefore permits two devices of FPF are more mechanical strain and weakened bone. Another significant reason of excessive strain on bone is accident as most accidents in old people originate from amplified physical infirmity and falls are specifically common. According to estimation almost sixty percentage of falls in old-age category happens in homes. A connection has been established between risk factors and falls like; balance; strength; deterioration in vision; and neuromuscular function. (Harris et. 1999) Another cause of fracture in older people of bone weakening is osteoporosis resulting in the loosing matrix and bone mineral. After extensive research it has been established that prior to the age of forty, bone mass diminish with age although this outcome is specifically evident in women subsequent to menopause and is linked with decreasing degrees of oestrogen. Factors significant for osteoporosis are; early menopause; increasing age; smoking; poor nutrition in the start of life. Reduction of Risks of Fracture Following measures are identified for reducing risk of fracture particularly in old-age group that is also considered as high risk group and include; promotion of health activities in life; decreasing rates of smoking; ensuring ample nutrition. Focused approach is the avoiding identification of those who are more exposed to fracture risk. People are exposed to risk from frail bones or similar accidents or both. (Harris et. 1999) Some persons have frail bones for particular reason like premature menopause, metabolic bone illness; surgical exclusion of ovaries. The biggest group of persons exposed to this risk belongs to old-age group, specifically older women and also those with proof of established osteoporosis. It has been recommended that people might be scrutinized for recognizing osteoporosis by using radiological methods. Health Promotion by Working as Big Team The finest management of common complication may engross doctors from different specialties and also different constituents of hospital. Old patients frequently have manifold simultaneous social and medical complexities that are more adequately the area of physicians specializing in old-age care medicine. Thromboprophylaxis can be useful but one of the most successful techniques has not been identified as yet. For reducing impairment, handicap and disability good rehabilitation requires successful evaluation, planning and organizing team of experts with accurate skills. The team is to be equipped with appropriate tools enabling people to recuperate their self-assurance and independence. The effectiveness and usefulness of therapists and their tools used by them to aid patients revert to mobility and capability at actions of routine living is implicit but has rarely subjected to conventional scientific trials. References Crannery E. Summary of meta-analysis of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocrine Reviews. 2002. Harris et. Effects of fracture in older people. JAMA. 1999 McClung . Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly wome. 2001. 344(5):333-340 Sato, Y. Review and meta-analysis of intention-tot-treat steudies. Ostgeoporosis International. 2005. 16(10): 1291-1298 Silverman. Effectiveness of bisphosphonates on nonvertebral and hip fractures in the first year of therapy. The RisedronatE and Alendronate(REAL) cohort study. ASBMR 28th Annual Meeting, 2006. Wehren E. Putting evidence based medicine into clinical practice; comparing anti-resorptive agents for th treatment f osteoporosis. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2004. 20(4): 525-531 Read More