Discussion borad 4 international relations - Essay Example

INTERNATIONAL RELATION …………………. College/ ………….. What are some of the techniques of conflict resolution? Try to apply two to three types of integrative solutions to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Conflicts are very common between individuals, groups, regions and nations. When it comes to world level, especially between nations, conflicts can be resolved by use of threat through compellence and deterrence, conquest, forcible submission etc and through diplomacy, negotiated compromise, third-party mediation or arbitration and adjudication etc.

Apart from these, conflicts can be resolved through international organizations, international courts and treaties. In compellence and deterrence, power and influence are used respectively. Diplomacy involves direct and government-to-government contract whereby officials may communicate and dialogue to accomplish the desired goal. With relation to bargaining and negotiation, positional negotiation and principled negotiation are effective ways to use in conflict resolution. Promising rewards, persuasion, position, benefits, reliance on the legitimacy of claims are far better ways than using force of threat (Russett, Starr and Kinsella, 2009, p. 105- 130).

Arab-Israeli conflict has long been a sensitive and rather extremely challenging issue that many media, world agencies and various politicians tried to solve it, but, it still remains to be more severe. In solving this conflict, any of the following three methods can be used, 1) Deterrence and diplomacy, 2) negotiated compromise along with diplomacy and 3) third-party mediation along with diplomacy. In all these, direct and government-to-government contact along with third-party involvement may also will work out. 2) Is the "Gender Gap" an American phenomenon?

How can we narrow down this gap? Gender Gap is a disproportionate difference between men and women being reflected in social, cultural, economic and political attainments. As Russett, Starr and Kinsella (2009) detailed, gender gap is very evident from the military affairs in the US than education and income level as women in these two are generally quite dovish on foreign policy than men. In US military to Kuwait, fewer women were approved and were less likely to be approved for NATO air strikes on Bosnian Serb positions during 2005 (p. 150). When it comes to the attitude towards military affairs, level of public support for military operation against terrorism etc, it seems that both men and women are same in reacting and retaliating to them.

The Gender Gap is a worldwide phenomenon, and not just American phenomenon. The disproportionate difference between men and women in education, income, politics and military operation are evident in most other countries and governments in those countries often take initiatives to reduce this gap. But in US, this gap is evident in military operation. The level of Gender Gap can be narrowed down by women should be brought forward in order to make them enjoy the same socio-economic opportunities as men.

If there remains a gender gap in education or income, women need to be improved in these and thus reduce the level of gender gap. When it comes to military or foreign policy affairs, women’s perceptions and feminine aspects of peace-giving and loving approach need to be brought as equal to that of men to reduce the level of gender gap. References Russett, B, Starr, H and Kinsella, D (2009), World Politics: The Menu for Choice, Ninth revised edition, Cengage Learning