How Alzheimers Disease Affects Patients Minds - Essay Example

Scenarios Scenarios Scenario The paper looks at the skills, interventions and approaches the nurse will use to provide person centred evidence based care for Myra who appears to be suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. Person centred evidence based care is a continuous process that requires sustained commitment. It necessitates an organization of contextual factors such as learning, physical environment and workplace culture. In this light, recovery strategies and health promotion skills developed to nurture and care for any patient should be comprehensive, flexible and at the same time relevant to the patient’s dynamic situation (Boardman, Currie, Killaspy & Mezey 2010, pp. 61). Evidently, Alzheimer’s dementia is an acute mental health condition characterized by mood changes, impaired cognitive functioning, memory loss and communication problems. The complication affects how people express their problems regarding how they feel, their thoughts and emotions (Davies & Craig, 2009, pp. 17). Alzheimer’s disease remains the most prevalent type of dementia with 496,000 people in the UK said to suffer from the disease (Alzheimer’s Society, 2013). Other types include: fronto- temporal, vascular, and Lewy bodies dementia (Barker and Board, 2012). Age is reported to be the strongest risk factor; with onset of the disease said to occur in people over the age of 65 years (Downs and Bowers, 2010). Commonly used models of dementia care include medical model (non- person centered), social model (person centered) and disability model (non-person centered). The paper applies the social models for recovery for wellbeing, decision – making, self- management, social inclusion, and hope (Adams 2010, pp 626). Life planning skills motivate designation of available resources to meet patient condition. It allows consistent treatment hence caregivers are able to find problems and offer adequate solutions at the right time. At the age of 83, Myra has no evidential care considering that she has lost her parents and husband. The intercessions needed for Myra will include physical, pharmacological and psychosocial. Physical interventions would allow her meet the daily needs like mobility and pharmacological advance will alleviate distressing symptoms. It is important to turn family perceptions and attention towards the patient to achieve patient centered care. Arguably, many dementia patients forget many things to some extent their families. This can be devastating as it forces light hearted people to escape responsibility of caring for patients. The process is detrimental, as patients feel neglected by the family members (Downs & Bowers 2008, pp. 27). In this light, it is imperative to make a patient to be a member of a family despite her condition. Creating a magnet around a patient depends on many factors including stage of the disease and commitment by family members. Myra has few family members considering that she had lost the husband and parents. Building a person centered care entailed improving the already worsening relationship between her and the children as well as the grand children. Myra has limited visits from the family members, which is dangerous. Trevor and Jean can play a significant role in transforming the life of their mother. Conceivably, this can be through showering love and care using not only them but also the grand children. To effectively realize a person centered evidence based care for Myra, it is important to restore the previous happy social life. The children should be able to perform activities that rejuvenate and interest her. Evidently, maintaining a person centered patient approach does not mean full time attention of caregivers but also skill full attention from the family members. Recovery is not about ‘cure’ but about helping people manage their lives, dignity and personhood. Various psycho-social factors contribute a patient’s commitment and recovery. It is not the care that a patient receives from healthcare providers but how the care is given. Impersonal care fails to deliver quality care for patients (Rassool 2010, pp. 46). As a result, most patients develop mistrust, diminishing confidence, and weak consistency. In order to deliver a quality and standardized patient centered evidential care, a multidirectional and dynamic service is necessary from caregivers. It, therefore, is important to re-organize medical qualifications to humanitarian grounds. Undeniably, many nurses and other health professionals have the right qualifications based on training; however, dementia patients reach a point of irrationality. Severe stages of Alzheimer’s dementia affect patient’s minds affecting their response and behaviour. In response, nurses handle them negatively diminishing their dignity and status. Achieving a patient centred evidential care means making an all-round turn from the perception. It is about leaving qualifications and maintaining personally meaningful skills that guarantee patient’s recovery. Myra’s behaviour is no different to other dementia patient’s. She is experiencing changing periods of confusion, recognition, and lucidity. She has shouting obscenities characterised by poor concentration and limited mobility. She is not the first to experience these problems (Newell & Gournay 2009, pp. 33). There are many who have manifested worse but have been able to pass through the condition. In this regard, Myra’s condition is no different. There is need to change engagement and care services as it is evidential that she receives a complicated service from inexperienced people. For example, by using the reality orientation approach to tell Myra of her deceased relatives, the situation became worse. Many carers offer temporary solutions not knowing the long term effects (Adams & Grieder 2005, pp. 89). It, therefore, is important to change personalised assistance given to her to rationally realise a patient centred evidence care. In essence, dementia patients are equally sensitive and attention craving people that require an organised environment, meaningful leadership and good relationships (Jensen & Wadkins 2007, pp. 330). In conclusion, Myra has complex needs that require specialized skills and the involvement of multi – disciplinary team. Realising a person centred evidence based care for her is a rational process of change. It requires adequate homecare, organised adult care, and accountability. It needs life planning insertions into the treatment process to ensure the patient gets a good use of her time while in the process of recovery. Evidently, person centred evidence based care individualization of needs and preferences to ensure the patient misses nothing from the previous life. It is also vital to bring on board unique interests, honour and support that proves substantial to a successful recovery. Most importantly, it is vital to promote understanding of core values. References Adams, N., & Grieder, D., 2005. Treatment planning for person-centered care the road to mental health and addiction recovery : mapping the journey for individuals, families and providers. Bulington, MA, Elsevier Academic Press. Adams, T., 2010.The applicability of a recovery approach to nursing people with dementia. International Journal of Nursing Studies. (online). 47, (2010), p. 626–634. Available from: http://www.thinklocalactpersonal.org.uk/_library/HSCP/Trevor_Adams_-_The_applicability_of_a_recovery_approach_to_nursing_people_with_Dementia_2.pdf (Accessed May 4, 2013). Adams, N., & Grieder, D., 2014. Treatment planning for person-centered care: shared decision making for whole health. Amsterdam: Academic Press Alzheimer’s Society, 2013. What is Alzheimers disease? (online). London: Alzheimer’s Society. Available from: http://www.alzheimers.org.uk/site/scripts/documents_info.php?documentID=100 (Accessed April 25, 2013) Boardman, J., Currie, A., Killaspy, H. & Mezey, G., 2010. Social Inclusion and Mental Health, London: RCPsych Publications Davies, T. & Craig, T.K.J. (Editors) 2009. ABC of Mental Health (2nd Edition), London: BMJ Books Downs, M. & Bowers, B., (Editors) 2008. Excellence in Dementia Care: Research into practice, Maidenhead: Open University Press. Barker, S. & Board, M., 2012.Dementia Care in Nursing. London: Sage Publications. Jensen, L.W. & Wadkins, T.A. 2007. Mental health success stories: finding paths to recovery. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 28 no. 4, pp. 325-40 Newell, R. & Gournay, K., (Editors) 2009. Mental Health Nursing: An evidence-based approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Rassool, H., 2010. Addiction for Nurses. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Scenario 2 The paper discusses how a nurse can establish and maintain a therapeutic relationship with a client Maria, suffering from a borderline personality disorder. Subsequently, the paper will look at a diagnostic criteria, risk assessment, and main clusters of the personality disorder. The supplementary process of treatment uses various techniques to ensure patients remain in the route to recovery. Therefore, the paper will also look at impact, attitude and pre-conceptions regarding the personality. Ordinarily, establishing and maintaining therapeutic relationships remain a major problem despite contributing significantly to the general treatment process (Boardman, Currie, Killaspy & Mezey 2010, pp. 61). The hindsight focuses on recovery concepts and health promotion strategies including social inclusion in empowering patients to cope with the condition. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994) cited in Gibson (2006, p. 53) categorized personality disorders into three clusters including Cluster A (odd/eccentric), Cluster B (dramatic/erratic) and Cluster C (anxious /inhibited). Maria appears to be distressed by borderline personality disorder of the cluster B type. At the age of 30, Maria is a British single lady who has no clear history of marriage. She has traversed different relationships always looking for the best while in essence she does not offer the same. The stereotypic operations have exposed her to many problems hence separating with any man before reaching the full potential of any relationship (Nolan 1993, pp. 88). Interestingly, Maria has moved from one hospital to another at the count of 10, which raises many questions as to the factors that drive her restlessness. One major reason that has forced Maria to move from one place to another is the fact that she lacks engagement but goes to extreme limits of causing self harm. She has manifested suicidal interests, a factor that has made operations worse. If admitted in my hospital establishing a proficient and working therapeutic relationship will entail different techniques. For example, Maria appears to be lacking a good sense of communication arising from limited attention of no trust on the people helping her. She also lacks this tool in her different relationships that has forced her to abandon different men (Newell & Gournay 2009, pp. 54). Furthermore, the lack of clear communication has made her blame herself for everything a factor arising from misunderstanding of the overall environment. In this regard, it is imperative to start by lifting the bar of communication to allow for understanding and improvement of trust. Arguably, good communication influences acceptance of a patient towards care. Communication allows a patient to be re-assured of life, allows them to be empowered and health providers and can find out concerns and fears arising from their situation. In addition, good communication is a patient centered approach that allows medical practitioners to twists the negative attitude to a more rational approach. In the case of Maria, there is need to spend more time with her to establish a contact with her. He should also receive consistent consultation sessions to allow her express the many problems occupying the mind (Wiener 2009, pp. 17). Evidently, establishing a good therapeutic relationship starts with evacuating the negative things occupying the patient’s mind. Establishing a therapeutic relationship for these patients involves psycho-education, metallization and cognitive behavioral therapy. For every patient, it is important to accept and appreciate what happens in the surrounding environment (Jensen & Wadkins 2007, pp. 334). The main task is not to linger of what happened but focus on how best to deal with different issues arising from the problem. Establishing a clear sense of understanding in therapeutic relationships revolve patients from the aspect of blaming themselves, which often result to suicide or unnecessary body harm. Health professionals should employ good clinical skills, theoretical understanding and personal attributes to understand patients. Corrective therapeutic mechanism makes use of three phases revolving around orientation, working and termination phase. Maria, for instance, has failed to understand her situation and instead blames herself for everything. It, therefore, is important to relieve the blame game from her and instead introduce a new sense of life that enable her accept and recognize issues as they happen (Downs & Bowers 2008, pp. 23). A good therapeutic relationship should nurture psychodynamic mentality and faith in patients (Rassool 2010, pp. 11). It should also be able to modify respect, honesty, and mutual trust. Conceivably the best way to develop relationship with patients is to share knowledge and power. The limited attention Maria receives from different hospitals appears to be a key factor and driver towards her decisions. As a result she has limited self worth and believes she cannot do the right thing at any time (Hick & Bien 2010, pp. 45). Establishing a clear therapeutic relationship starts with according respect for the patient despite her past. Many health providers judge patients, which is a wrong route towards treatment. Sensibly, many patients have undergone different pasts. The events help doctors and other health providers in designing their future in the process of recover; however, it is important to observe professionalism. The past should be used to develop, the future of patients and not to judge or influence favor (Davies & Craig 2009, pp. 61). Having six relationships in the past years for example does not make her the problem, but an accessory to the main problem. Nonetheless, building trust not only applies to the medical team but also to the patient. A good therapeutic relationship should enable a patient develop a clear sense of understanding and self worth. Undeniably, Maria’s problems appear to be an attention deficit problem arising from her childhood. As a result, she took different decisions with an intention of satisfying her wants but failed. In this light, it is important to take a deep look at her past before designing future activities. It helps in creating viable options important recommended by NICE for the long term effectiveness of therapeutic relationships (Norman & Ryrie 2009-2013, pp. 67). In conclusion, establishing and maintaining a good therapeutic relationship entails establishing contact with the patient to revive self esteem, hope, belief, and knowledge. This is only possible through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), empowerment and change of belief. In many cases, patients receive limited attention from medical practitioners due to negativity; however, it should remain professional. Guaranteed recovery entails diminished stereotyping and amelioration of stress. Notably, therapeutic relationships should not focus on past events but how to deliver current treatment while anticipating the future needs. References Boardman, J., Currie, A., Killaspy, H. & Mezey, G., 2010. Social Inclusion and Mental Health, London: RCPsych Publications Davies, T. & Craig, T.K.J. (Editors) 2009. ABC of Mental Health (2nd Edition), London: BMJ Books Downs, M. & Bowers, B., (Editors) 2008. Excellence in Dementia Care: Research into practice, Maidenhead: Open University Press. Hick, S. F., & Bien, T., 2010. Mindfulness and the therapeutic relationship. New York, NY: Guilford. Jensen, L.W. & Wadkins, T.A. 2007. Mental health success stories: finding paths to recovery. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 28 no. 4, pp. 325-40 Newell, R. & Gournay, K., (Editors) 2009. Mental Health Nursing: An evidence-based approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Gibson, B., 2006. Using metallization to treat patients with borderline personality disorder. Nursing Standard. Vol. 20, no. 51, pp.52-57. Norman, I. & Ryrie, I., (Editors) 2009-2013. The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing: A Textbook of Principles and Practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Rassool, H., 2010. Addiction for Nurses. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Wiener, J., 2009. The therapeutic relationship transference, countertransference, and the making of meaning. College Station, Texas A & M University Press. Scenario 3 The paper looks at assessments that would be undertaken to facilitate effective care plan for Sebastian who appears to be suffering from a mental disorder. Based on available evidence, drug abuse has massive effects on users. They promote hallucinations and unnecessary harm stimulated by uncontrolled behavior. People experiencing the effects of drug abuse have a challenge coping with other life demands making it difficult not only to get help from the surrounding environment but also within themselves (Boardman, Currie, Killaspy & Mezey 2010, pp. 24). Sebastian, for example, is a hardworking and dedicated student who has since changed due drug influence. He is unable to consistently seek treatment for a urinary tract infection due to sadness and low mood. Because of this effective care planning is inevitable to provide early interventions and diagnosis of interventions for the right course. Despite providing hope, effective care planning requires different assessment techniques to facilitate a good recovery orientation. Notably, effective care planning is an inter and intra disciplinary process of decision making based on current assessments to determine the future of a patient. It is a continuous and theory efficient technique that ensures the quality and security of a patient supports access, comfort and availability (Davies & Craig 2009, pp. 66). As such various assessments must be conducted to guarantee patient’s continuity with the treatment process. To start with, there is need to conduct risk assessment of the patient. It is the process of looking at all the enclosing factors surrounding a patient and coming up with several options that might affect the full recovery or the treatment process. Risk assessment in drug abuse looks at the behavior of the patient while under influence. For example, it helps in answering what the patient like doing, whether they are risky or not and the extent as well as frequency of the events. For example, suicide is a risk factor that is evident in Sebastian’s life. Risk assessment is necessary before treatment as it can significantly affect the treatment process. For example, Sebastian has an exposed life as a result of smoking cannabis. A risk assessment is necessary in his case before designing any treatment technique. It will entail monitoring his activities before and after drug abuse (Barrett, Wilson & Woollands 2008, pp. 21). Nonetheless, it will include other factors such as education and people that directly contribute to his smoking problem. Conceivably, conducting a risk assessment helps in designing a responsive care system, which helpful to the patient not only in the short but also long run (Jensen & Wadkins 2007, pp. 42). Existing evidence in the case study indicates dual identification using diagnostic criteria ICD -10 (WHO, 2010). Nevertheless, to conduct suitable assessments the nurse must own interpersonal skills and good communication accosted with non-judgemental approach towards the patient. People with dual diagnosis are hard to engage and building therapeutic relationships can be daunting. Sebastian has undergone tremendous psychological and emotional transition. He does not find pleasure in his past hobby or partying. Instead he does not like his guitar and has lost interest even in singing songs that he composed. The change is disastrous and can have massive effects on the general life landscape. Sebastian has lost touch with friends and craves to him room where he likes staying alone and smoking. To make matters worse, he is unable to accept his problems. For instance, despite drinking heavily he cannot understand the reason and does not admit to drinking. The problem gets worse by the presence of voices, which appears to be in his head but cannot trace the sources. Furthermore, he has stress from exams which is around the corner but has no solution. In this light, establishing an effective care for Sebastian requires psychological assessments to monitor his behavior, capabilities and personality. It is a thorough assessment that proves a scale of measurement for various yardsticks in people’s lives (Downs & Bowers 2008, pp. 29). The index of evaluating change within patients using psychological perspectives can include interviews, group indication, informal assessment or observations to make necessary conclusions. Evidently, psychological assessment offers a comprehensive and complete picture of the person under evaluation. Psychological assessment is vital for a centered care because it does not focus on a single test core but a wide range of factors. As such, it is a sure way to determine various factors within a patient before designing a treatment process. Notably, the assessment criterion has various tests that can help medical practitioners determine Sebastian’s problem ranging from attitude, personality, neuropsychological, interest, and aptitude tests (Rassool 2010, pp. 81). Apart from psychological assessments when administering effective care planning, there is also need to conduct an evaluation of holistic needs (Nolan 1993, pp. 111). According to research, people abusing drugs have ongoing needs beyond active treatment. It, therefore, is important to change treatment processes in order to integrate other needs that do not appear in the normal radar of care. In this light effective care treatment requires an extensive diagnosis of Sebastian’s situation. Instead of responding positively to treatment of the infected urinary tract, Sebastian has depicted low mood and sadness. Could be because of drugs or other related factors. It is evident that he started drinking at a tender age but can this influence his current life? The questions help in unearthing the hidden problems driving Sebastian into various activities that he is currently engrossed in (Swearingen 2012, pp. 75). In terms of solutions, it is imperative to offer clear solutions that take a holistic perspective and not partial outlook into the problem (Newell & Gournay 2009, pp. 90). In conclusion, setting up a, effective care treatment for Sebastian is not a simple process but a comprehensive procedure composed of various assessment criteria. It requires a psychological, holistic and risk assessments to establish a chain of events responsible for overall recovery. Sebastian is a person of interest who does not only require active treatment but also further care. It, therefore, is important that before designing treatment, other factors need to come on board. From this perspective, effective care does not only guarantee current relief but also future survival and commitment. References Barrett, D., Wilson, B., & Woollands, A. (2008). Care planning: a guide for nurses. Harlow, Pearson Education. Boardman, J., Currie, A., Killaspy, H. & Mezey, G., 2010. Social Inclusion and Mental Health, London: RCPsych Publications Davies, T. & Craig, T.K.J. (Editors) 2009. ABC of Mental Health (2nd Edition), London: BMJ Books Downs, M. & Bowers, B., (Editors) 2008. Excellence in Dementia Care: Research into practice, Maidenhead: Open University Press. Jensen, L.W. & Wadkins, T.A. 2007. Mental health success stories: finding paths to recovery. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 28 no. 4, pp. 325-40 Newell, R. & Gournay, K., (Editors) 2009. Mental Health Nursing: An evidence-based approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Nolan, P., 1993. A History of Mental Health Nursing. London: Chapman & Hall. Norman, I. & Ryrie, I., (Editors) 2009-2013. The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing: A Textbook of Principles and Practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Rassool, H., 2010. Addiction for Nurses. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Swearingen, P. L. (2012). All-in-one care planning resource: medical-surgical, pediatric, maternity, psychiatric nursing care plans. Philadelphia, PA, Elsevier/Mosby. World Health Organisation 2010, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010. (online). WHO: Geneva. Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/F19.0 (Accessed May 10, 2013). Scenario 4 The purpose of the paper is to identify the condition with the help of aetiology, signs and symptoms that John suffers from. The essay will also discuss how conclusion was drawn using the diagnostic tool (ICD-10) to eliminate other mental health conditions. Apparently, John 23 years old is suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, which started 6 months ago as evidenced by the presence of positive signs. It is a condition that dissociates an individual from reality and instead introduces events and activities that do not exist. Patients experiencing paranoid schizophrenia have delusional thoughts that isolates from them from other people such as friends and family members. In UK, the risk of developing the illness is roughly 1% with the onset for women being 25-35 years while men being 15-25 years. Etiology of psychosis Paranoid schizophrenia arises from various interactive components of the environment evidenced by pneuro-psychological problems. Effective diagnosis with ICD-10 remains appropriate for symptoms above one month. It can arise from substance abuse that range from drugs or other components. Psychological causes include severe stress, bipolar disorder or lack of sleep (Boardman, Currie, Killaspy & Mezey, 2010, pp. 111). The delusions of grandeur lead to paranoid conditions that might lead to psychosis. Subsequently, psychosis can also arise from Malaria, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease or syphilis. Drugs like cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamine and cannabis also contribute to psychosis. Brain problems attached to memory, social behavior, self-awareness, and emotions can also lead to psychosis Gleeson 2004, pp. 31). In the case of John, there is no evidence in incoherence of speech or abnormal mood. Signs and symptoms Undoubtedly, what differentiates severe schizophrenia (ICD -10: F 20.0)(WHO, 2010) from psychotic depression is lack of psychomotor retardation (ICD-10: F 32. 3)(WHO, 2010). People suffering from paranoid schizophrenia have various signs. At the early stages such people have problems concentrating in their present environment. As a result, they fail to do anything substantial hence losing interest (Gleeson 2004, pp. 34). In the case of John, for instance, he has lost interest in the part time work terminating it instead of extending hours of work. if the illness runs genetically through the family, John is likely to experience schizophrenia. Subsequently, people experiencing Schozophrenia have depressed moods lacking the ability to have a good social life. They have no interest in sharing their views or visiting others in the aim of discussing important things (Nolan 1993, pp. 68). They like confining themselves in rooms or houses from others hence making it difficult to understand their problems. As depicted by John, he has shifted focus to his flat preferring to lock himself away from friends or other family members. People experiencing the medical condition have a problem accepting real events and instead anticipate other things which are not existent. They always have unmet goals that they feel others are unable to meet at the right time or with the right techniques (Rassool 2010, pp. 93). Conceivably, this is what caused John to terminate his employment since he had anxiety for great things, which could not me met at the time. People experiencing paranoid schizophrenia have a problem controlling the amount of sleep. In many instances, they have either too much or too short sleep causing an imbalance in their daily activities. Suspiciousness is another sign of psychosis that keeps people way from others. They always have an idea of what is about to happen or what another individual is thinking of him. As a result, they do not like sitting in public places or conversing with other for the fear that they have something planned to cause harm Gleeson 2004, pp. 34). For example, John preferred staying indoors in his flat. In addition, he suspects all his friends either to be working with or for the government. Interestingly, he claims to be having a relationship with the government due to experiments that do not exist. In addition, people suffering from psychosis tend to withdraw from friends and family members opting to isolate themselves for fear of unknown things (Jensen & Wadkins 2007, pp. 41). In the later stages, they depict certain signs and symptoms. For example, they experience hallucinations and delusions, which have no clear explanation. Hallucination is a condition where people hear things far from reality while delusions involve believing in things which are rationally untrue. John believes he is hearing men’s voices instructing him to act on certain things. Furthermore, he believed the government commands him to undertake certain tasks using gamma rays. In addition, he believes the voices are true since they were confirmed by the neighbor’s dog barking. His condition gets interesting when he confirms to have received covert signals from a man sitting at a pub. To make matter worse, he cannot listen to radios as they also distribute coded information. These are all delusion and hallucination which if not checked can lead to serious effects. Paranoid schizophrenia patients also have difficulty in functioning at the later stages. They cannot face the world wholesomely instead have excuses to terminate the existing achievements (Twomey 2009, pp. 63). In extreme cases, patients have suicidal thought as instructed by the non-existent voices. John has since feared staying alone and has accepted admission in the hospital. However it is not clear as to what extent the complication can reach. If he claims the voices command him, he is a danger not only to him but also to the people surrounding him. Apart from suicide, the people also experience severe depression, which is dangerous. John, for example, is unable to cope with life problems to the extent that he terminates the part time. He has no connection with the family members a factor that makes his condition risky (Davies & Craig 2009, pp. 39). In this light, there is an urgent need to help John instead of admitting him into the mental hospital in as much as this helps in reducing contributing factors of paranoid schizophrenia, it is important to formulate viable answers (Newell & Gournay 2009, pp. 65). Delusions are serious and hallucinations are dangerous hence the urge to help John get back to his original shape. In conclusion, knowledge of etiology, signs and symptoms are crucial in the assessment and identification course of a mental illness. Paranoid schizophrenia is a condition having signs of depression, delusion, hostility, hallucinations, anxiety and instability to addressing simple issues. Regrettably, John is a victim of the dangerous disease that has made him terminate his part time employment. He has also created a ring around him opting to prevent his friends and family away. Despite, the inconclusive attempts to solve the problems, the disease is a high risk not only to the individuals but also people around. In the case of john, there is more to just admission into the mental hospital. References Boardman, J., Currie, A., Killaspy, H. & Mezey, G., 2010. Social Inclusion and Mental Health, London: RCPsych Publications Davies, T. & Craig, T.K.J. (Editors) 2009. ABC of Mental Health (2nd Edition), London: BMJ Books Downs, M. & Bowers, B., (Editors) 2008. Excellence in Dementia Care: Research into practice, Maidenhead: Open University Press. Gleeson, J. F. M. (2004). Psychological Interventions in Early Psychosis. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons. Jensen, L.W. & Wadkins, T.A. 2007. Mental health success stories: finding paths to recovery. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 28 no. 4, pp. 325-40 Newell, R. & Gournay, K., (Editors) 2009. Mental Health Nursing: An evidence-based approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Nolan, P., 1993. A History of Mental Health Nursing. London: Chapman & Hall. Norman, I. & Ryrie, I., (Editors) 2009-2013. The Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing: A Textbook of Principles and Practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Rassool, H., 2010. Addiction for Nurses. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Twomey, T. M. (2009). Understanding postpartum psychosis: a temporary madness. Westport, Conn, Praeger. World Health Organisation (2010).International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010. (online). WHO: Geneva. Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/F15.5 [Accessed April 14, 2013] Read More