Common Diseases: Their Nature, Prevalence, and Care - Essay Example

While dysmenorrheal refers to menstrual pain, menorrhagia refers to excessive loss of blood during the menses. This implies that Ms. A has progressively lost an excessive amount of blood thus resulting in the reduction of her iron levels.

Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia, especially among women. Iron is a fundamental component of blood. Among the common causes of iron deficiency anemia is excessive blood loss as is the case with Ms. A. heavy menstrual flow among women is the leading cause of iron loss thereby causing the anemia (Fry & Sandler, 1993). Ms. A explains that ever since she was ten she suffered from both menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal. The excessive loss of blood results in the loss of red blood cells thus reducing the amount of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a significant component of the red blood responsible for the red pigmentation of the blood. Besides coloring the blood, hemoglobin transports oxygen to the various tissues of the body. Excessive bleeding thus results in the loss of hemoglobin a feature that impairs the functionality of the body tissues since they will not receive adequate amounts of oxygen (Hoffbrand, Moss & Pettit, 2011). Oxygen facilitates metabolism. As such, people with minimal amounts of oxygen will lack adequate energy.        

Ms. A has noted specific symptoms since the beginning of the current golf season. The symptoms include shortness of breath, lack of energy, and enthusiasm among many others. These symptoms are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia. As explained earlier, excessive bleeding results in the loss of hemoglobin a pigment responsible for transporting oxygen to the tissues of the body. The lab report provides succinct symptoms of iron deficiency anemia. Key among the components of the lab report is the fact that the red blood cell smear showed microcytic and hypochromic cells. This implies that the red blood cells appear pale and thinner than in normal circumstances (Uthman, 1998). Ms. A’s blood appears so owing to the deficiency of hemoglobin in her red blood cells. The lack of adequate hemoglobin Ms. A’s blood is responsible for the shortness of breath and fatigue since her tissues do not receive adequate oxygen to facilitate metabolism given the fact that she engages in sports and therefore requires adequate energy.

In retrospect, Ms. A’s diagnosis as portrayed in the laboratory report is factual since the findings reinstate the doctor’s suspicion given the symptoms she showed. With such findings, the doctors should find appropriate ways of treating menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal since the two are responsible for her excessive loss of blood. Additionally, Ms. A requires adequate iron supplement alongside the treatment for the two medical conditions. This way, she will rebuild the amount of hemoglobin in her blood thus restoring her health.