Health Promoting Individual Plan - Essay Example

HEALTH PROMOTION PLAN By Location Introduction The health promotion plan basically promotes the health of an individual. It is also a plan that equips an individual with the knowledge that enables them to have maximum control over their health. It is the ability that a group or an individual is able to notice what they want and also the ability to satisfy their needs. They should also be able to adapt to the environment. Therefore, life incorporates both the personal and social materials and inclusion of physical abilities as well. The health plan gives the importance of health; it assesses the health needs of an individual using knowledge and skills of varied strategies and approaches that can be used in the promotion of health. The plan is based on providing knowledge and awareness of the ethical issues associated with health and especially the inherent. In the given plan, a specific scenario of Erick is looked at. Erick is suffering from Autism Spectrum. The plan thus analyses the causes of his behaviour and seeks to link it to the causes of the health promotion as well as providing teaching lessons to his parents on the importance of health promotion, how to adapt to the current situation of their son and finally, Erick’s learning because of disability. In addition, the plan analyses the position of the parents of Erick and especially the case of Molly. The plan is very important since it equips an individual with psychosocial behaviour that affects the wellness of an individual in terms of behaviour, cognitive abilities, environmentally among many more (Rappaport & Seidman 2000, p. 171). A scenario of Erick is chosen to be used as a point of reference. Erick is a son of Molly and James. His mother, Molly, suffers from diabetes and his father, James, works as a driver, driving long distance vehicles and thus he is rarely at home. Eric has a learning disorder, though mild. He also suffers a little in the autistic spectrum. He often gets frustrated and as a result, throws anger tantrums at the fellow students and teachers, especially when he goes to school whereby he attends a mainstream school. Autistic spectrum refers to the conditions that an individual suffers from that majorly affects the communication by an individual, their interests, social interaction and also affects the behaviour of an individual (Pandora 2006, p. 96). In addition, the autism spectrum also includes childhood autism and Asperger syndrome. The condition may not show its symptoms immediately, but after some time. The condition of Eric has been contributed by several psychosocial factors which are divided according to behaviour, environment and cognitive. To begin with environmental factors which include the way an individual perceives themselves; social perception. This refers to the capability of an individual to acquire enough information on the values and traditions of living for example information on etiquette, virtues, gestures, inferences. It also includes the information that governs social interaction. It majorly concerns how an individual relates to the others (Mcdowall, Bonell & Davies 2006, p. 97). The way a client also communicates with a doctor is inclusive on perception. Behavioural factors include perception which is the sense that an individual makes from both the internal and external world and the stimuli. It is also what we experience immediately after seeing something and it requires an individual to be aware of the organ that makes them sense a particular thing. Perception thus is an association of the senses, which include, touch, smell, sight or feeling and hence it results in behaviour and takes part in the establishment of emotions. Personality and cognitive factors influence the way individuals think and perceive situations when it comes to illnesses and health (Mcmurray & Clendon 2011, p. 232). Sometimes the symptoms that appear in a patient do not coincide with the illness in question. An individual may be suffering from one of the physiological factors affecting their communication, impaired vision or lack of sensation which eventually affect the way they perceive their health. Cognitive factors refer to the way of acquisition of knowledge, the manner the person retains knowledge, how knowledge transforms the individual, and finally the way an individual uses knowledge. A cognitive branch of Psychology majors in the following fields: learning, solving problems, judging, perception, attention, making decisions and the ability of memory to retain. Generally, cognitive psychology is a part that forms the conscious mind of an individual; it stimulates emotions and behaviour which are proportional as a reaction to the event or situation (Ong et 2006, p. 77). Eric, with the support from his parents, requires undertaking a sense model to regulate him. The model gives three most specific attributes which include interpretation, coping and appraisal. The parents of Eric, especially Molly, who is near and close, should embark on re-establishing the cause of the illness, and later in establishing the way they would be able to cope up with his condition since his behaviour, communication, social interactions and his interests have been affected by the Autistic Spectrum (Human kinetics (organization) 2009, p. 56). Molly has to make sure that the she can be able to cope up with the condition of the son by outlining effective ways including resources and materials needed. The coping should be appraised to ensure that the coping methods are effective and improving the methods in case they are not effective. Eric is required to undertake reasoning of what could be his problem. He could do this by the use of stimuli and perceiving the symptoms he is suffering from and be able to interpret. He should then try to see the sense and make meaning of his problem. He could also learn his symptoms through his friends, teachers and his parents since he throws anger tantrums at them often when he gets frustrated. Therefore, it will come to his attention that his behaviour is wild, and he needs to discover the problem and also deduce ways of coping with his behaviour and also appraise them. The self-regulatory model is a continuous activity that requires an individual to practice it continually. Bandura outlines the major activities that an individual in the position of Eric should undertake (Green & Kreuter 1999, .131). Eric should take a keen observation of his behaviour in order to learn what may have affected his behaviour, he should also pay much attention to the behaviour that he observers and should not forget the behaviour he has observed. Eric should reproduce the behaviour he has observed and finally, he should get motivated to act the behaviour that he has observed. Check the experiment below in appendix I. Bandura continues to state that behaviour can also be motivated by learning and behaviour apart from environmental factors. He continues to note that while behaviourists state that an individual can change behaviour through learning, behaviour can also be motivated by internal factors such as a sense of accomplishment, pride and satisfaction. Appendix I Another activity that Eric should undertake is to discover the role model. Especially the mother should be his role model since they are close with each other and thus the mother, Molly should lead as an example. Molly is trying her best to cope up with her health condition. She discovered that despite being diabetic, she is 8 weeks pregnant and she has to accept the condition and live by it. She decides to look for ways and activities she would engage in so that she could be able to sustain her condition (Healey & Zimmerman 2010, p. 39). Therefore, she enrols in the gym since she found out that her running was not favourable after appraisal. Eric should see his mother as a role model. He should also try to find a ways of coping with his conditions. Social role models are very essential to the individual since it gives individual valid information on the method that is appropriate to their behaviour pattern and to be able to adjust to the situation (Speicher 2010, p. 38). There are several approaches and strategies that Eric can use in promotion of his health wellness. These approaches include medical or preventive strategy, educational strategy, community or individual empowerment, change of behaviour and social change which is radical. The approach embark on giving the goals, aims and values that an individual should expect in their health circle (Tones, Tilford & Tones 2001, p. 67). It also keeps the individual informed of their health condition. In addition, its motivation may affect the communication skills used. Some approaches which may be utilized in the case of Eric should be used. These approaches include: behaviour change approach, educational approach and self empowerment and community empowerment (Gatchel, & Schultz 2012, p. 533). Behavioural change seeks to encourage individuals on adoption of healthy behaviours as a factor that leads to the improved health condition of an individual. It looks at most of the common activities practiced by many people which include smoking. Mass media are mostly used as a medium of information and it majorly tries to look at people’s health as individual’s property. Behaviour change advocates for people take life as their own responsibility and thus they have to adopt ways to live healthy (Cattan & Tilford 2006, p. 86). An individual is encouraged to change their attitude and behaviour in order to live healthy. In the case of Eric, he has to change his attitude and his behaviour. The attitude of easily getting frustrated, and thus throwing anger tantrums on every person that he encounters requires to be changed so that he can acquire good and healthy behaviour which every individual around him will be pleased (Dugdill, Crone & Murphy 2009, p. 111). He should also be provided with education on the importance of healthy behaviour in the persuasion of his change in behaviour. Behaviour change is a process that undergoes different stages and steps before attaining change. Educational approach aims at providing adequate and valid knowledge that would help an individual to develop skills that would enable them to adopt healthy behaviour. It does not really give particular information on specific kinds of behaviour, but rather gives general information that would allow an individual to apply appropriately to any kind of behaviour change since it is normally the doctors directives that are professional and hence would work rather than the choice of the client who will mostly tend to choose something that would be favourable (Benson-Lazan 2003, p. 239). This approach gives knowledge on varied areas such as information and understanding which are cognitive, affective which include attitudes and feelings and finally on behavioural skills. An educational approach uses several methods such as giving advice, posters, counselling and one to one talk (Talbot & Verrinder 2010, p. 88). This method is very favourable to the condition of Eric whereby he needs counselling from behaviour professionals; he needs to be advised to ensure that he knows and understands the kind of behaviour that he is portraying. He also needs someone to talk to him and ensure that he is well versed and equipped with the skills to change his behaviour and also so that he could be able to change his attitude towards his behaviour (Bartholomew 2011, p. 106). Another approach that would help to solve the problem of Eric is the self and community approach. Self empowerment is based on counselling an individual and ensuring that the individual is capable of taking control over their lives. On the other hand, community empowering provides participation for all the community members and enable them to participate actively and take up challenges they may encounter in the world. Eric should be counseled so that he can be able to take up responsibilities in his behaviour (Erfurt-cooper & Cooper 2009, p. 56). Conclusion In summation, promoting the health of an individual is quite essential since it ensures that the person behaves in accord with the virtues and values expected in the society. May individuals should major on improving their behaviour which is a path to health. There are many approaches provided by the health promoters give clear strategies that individuals should refer to every time they would want improve behaviour (Stokols & Jamner 2000, p. 47). Behaviour is also associated with psychology and education and awareness should be created to reach as many individuals so that they discover the basis of their behaviour and eventually discovering the ways to improve on the negative behaviour. Role models are also very essential in terms of behaviour. For example Molly provides a good role model to his son. Individuals should be encouraged to be role models of behaviour in society and especially the parents should make perfect role models to their growing children. Children can easily imitate the behaviour of their parents. Bibliography Emerson, E 2013, Psychological therapies for adults with intellectual disabilities. http://oclc-marc.ebrary.com/id/10653868. Bandura, A 2006, Social foundations of thoughts and actions: a social cognitive theory. Englewood cliffs, NY; Prentice- Hall Bartholomew, l. K 2011, Planning health promotion programs an intervention mapping approach. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. Benson-Lazan, G 2003,group and Social resilience Building. Wwww.community.at.work.com/resilience/RESILIENCE.org Cattan, m., & Tilford, S 2006, Mental health promotion: a lifespan approach. Maidenhead, England, McGraw Hill/Open University Press. Dugdill, l., Crone, d., & Murphy, R 2009, Physical activity and health promotion: evidence-based approaches to practice. Chichester, U.K., Blackwell. 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L., Wallace, K. A 2006, Psychological resilience, positive emotions and successful adaptation to stress in later life. Journal of Personality and Social Psycholology 91 (4) 730-749 Rappaport, j., & Seidman, E 2000, Handbook of community psychology. New York, NY [u.a.], Kluwer [u.a.]. Speicher, m.d. Carl E 2010, Get Well, Stay Well, and Manage Your Helth Follow the Best Evidence-based Medical Advice. Gardners Books. Stokols, d., & Jamner, m. S 2000, Promoting human wellness: new frontiers for research, practice, and policy. Berkeley, University of California Press. Talbot, l., & Verrinder, G 2010, Promoting health the primary health care approach. Chatswood, N.S.W., Elsevier. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10509766. Tones, k., Tilford, s., & Tones, K 2001, Health promotion: effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. Cheltenham, UK, Nelson Thornes. Appendix I http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pr0OTCVtHbU&feature=related Read More