Critical Thought Processes - Coursework Example

? Port Folio Submitted by: Teacher’s TASK Atkins & Murphy article Reflection /reflective practice Reflection is a kind of learning process in which individuals set their minds to do various tasks by deep analysis. In this process people recall their experience, acts, reactions, feelings and observe how they acted during a particular situation and learn to improve themselves for the next similar situation. In broad spectrum of reflective practice is considered as a professional approach along with the social acts, health and traditional models of education to provide a one integrated solution of theory and practice (Karban and Smith, 2010). Critical thought processes underpin reflection Descriptive, analytic and evaluative are the critical thought process of reflection. One has to describe the whole situation openly so the situation is cleared to everyone. Then it has to be analyzed that what happened was done in correct manner and finally it is evaluated that whether it could have been done in a better manner. All three critical thought processes of reflection ensure better learning from an individual’s past experience (Larrivee, 2000, pp. 293--307). Difference between reflection in action and reflection on action Reflection in action is the process of thinking before the task has been done. All the consequences are kept in mind before taking first step of task. Reflection on action is opposite to reflection in action because here a person thinks about the act that has been done and he learns from his experience. In this kind of reflection people feel the situation more realistically and can express feeling more effectively (Keyte and Harris et al., 2012, pp. 155--160). Gibbs model of reflection compare with the Atkins and Murphy model Gibbs model of reflection is very clear and includes description of situation, feelings of the person facing situation, analysis of whole situation and then evaluates the whole situation leading to new strategies if the particular situation encounters again. While in Atkins and Murphy model awareness to situation is necessary to continue the effective process for description, analysis and evaluation and then a person make further action plans. For the same reason I would prefer to use Atkins and Murphy model because prior knowledge is always better to know the new situation. One must know their comfort level of their feelings and thought [4]. TASK 2 - Evidence-based approach to global health promotion Summary Poverty is biggest evil and for many years humankind is working to eradicate it completely but there comes hurdles that haven’t made it successful like in the case of Africa where much aid has been given but have not shown a significant change (Van Der Berg, 2008). The speaker Esther Duflo highlighted three problems and there solutions in the discussion, according to her three are three main problems which are as follows: Effective immunization When the speaker started her work in Udaipur Rajistan only one percent children were immunized. She observed that not only providing centers to people is enough but there must be some incentives that encourage them to immunize their kids on time. The strategy was implemented and showed a 6 times increase in the rate of immunization (Drewnowski and Specter, 2004, pp. 6--16). Effective use of net beds During the same case study they found that people were offered bed nets for free and after a year they purchased them because they were used to it unlikely those who did not get for free. Send children to school According to the speaker, only by curing intestinal worm problems a 30% increase in the population can be seen in children going to school (Nodhj?lp, 2013). The speaker carries all statistics and shows very effectively by telling that education is the cheapest mode to eradicate poverty. As we all know poverty is root of evil. It creates unavoidable circumstances, when someone doesn’t have food to eat or someone’s children are dying he acts violently and here comes need of education (Giles, 2010). If they get educated they can be made understood to handle situation and act wisely. In this regards as much aid is possible should be made, so that life goes on for them. Trial and error is the nature of experiment so we must keep giving aid in the hope of better use of it and try to ensure it is used in a correct manner to develop people so they may tackle their future problems by their own instead of depending all their life on aid. TASK 3 – Determinants of health and trends Singapore is a small country separated from Malaysia in 1965.Since then government amid for small viable country free of corruption and other crimes. To achieve this goal government encouraged people for controlled birth rates by giving no flexibility to working ladies, expensive education for children. Because of these disincentives there was 0% increase in population which led to more elderly people and less young generation (Moh.gov.sg, 2013) There are few health issues more commonly found in Singapore then the rest of world which includes: 1. Dementia Dementia is a disease that includes collection of symptoms like loss of memory, language, perception, judgment or reasoning; they may lose emotional and behavioral control, develop personality changes and have problem solving abilities reduced or lost. Mostly it occurs in people age above 65 which is large age group in Singapore. Currently about 28,000 aged people are fighting this disease which is assumed to be increased to 50,000 by 2020 (Channel NewsAsia, 2013). Treatment This disease cannot be cured completely but by regular exercise, education, controlling inflammation of body tissues, intellectual stimulating activities, lowering cholesterol and levels, , using NSAID's and possibly other medications 2. Myopia Myopia is a disease of eye where an individual cannot see distant object clearly. It is mostly occurred because of two reason genetically or environmental .In Singapore about 30% of primary school children are having this disease which increases to double in higher classes. Mostly it occurs because of excessive use of mobile, TV, computers and delicate work like embroidery or craft (Netglobers.com, 2013). Treatment Children can be involved more in physical activities like jumping, running, and games like football, crickets rather than watching TV, computer, or video games. 3. Colorectal cancer It is the most occurring cancer in Singapore. According to a survey about 1,500 citizens of Singapore are affected with this disease. It occurs because of frequent smoking and consumption of alcohol. People with family history are most susceptible to it (Hpb.gov.sg, 2013). Treatment It can be treated through controlled diet, low consumption of fats, red meat and alcohol. High fiber food should be included in diet in large amount to avoid occurrence of constipation that is also a cause of this disease (Rand.org, 2013). 4. Diabetes Diabetes is a multifactor disease which includes high sugar level, high cholesterol level, lack of physical activities etc. In diabetes all organs of the body becomes weaker and immunity decreases. In this disease body is unable to produce sufficient insulin to breakdown sugar of body hence storage of sugar in blood leads to this condition. Treatment: In Singapore about 9% of the population is affected with this disease. It can be controlled by regular walk or exercise, low intake of carbohydrates, introducing more fruits and vegetables in diet. 5. Thalassaemia In Singapore about one in twenty person is affected by this disease that makes 5% of the total population. In this disease individual is unable to make blood in body. It is inherited disorder affecting the individual from very early stage of onset of genes. Treatment As this is the genetic disease and cannot be treated with diet or medicines. The only cure is continues transfusion of new blood in body. The whole processing is very expensive as well as not stoppable so couples with carrier history of thalassaemia should go for baby screening to protect a life from thalassaemia (Yahoo News Singapore, 2013) TASK 4 – School-based health promotion Today’s life is full of complication consumption of fast food is a vital social problem all around the world. Consumption of fast food leads to many chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, heart attack. To deal with this problem Australia has introduced fruits and vegetables awareness program at school level. School based consumption of fruits and vegetables ensure that students are adopted to consume good amount of fruits and vegetables. The aim of this study was to give a healthy life style to people from childhood (Dalla Rosa,). A random survey was conducted in 384 schools. In survey principles were asked questions on telephone about the use implementation of use of fruits and vegetables during school time. Among 384 schools only 44% are implementing this strategy; however others agree with the program but still need time for effective implementation. Teaching parents meeting is necessary to make this program successful. Parents have to make understand that they should send fruits and vegetables in lunch boxes of their children (Springer and Kelder et al., 2012, pp. 739--753). Similarly teachers have to be trained that how they can encourage children to eat fruits and vegetables. Survey of 384 schools is a good attempt to ensure the implementation of fruits and vegetables in school. But as 384 schools are not enough figures to represent whole country like Australia. There could have been more evidences to make it more strong case. That would comprise at least 50% of the schools in Australia. Then it will ensure that most of the country is adaptive to consume more fruits and vegetables in their diet. Then only we can say that the whole country is living a healthy life style. Introduction of consumption of fruits and vegetables at school breaks is best thing to adapt habit of eating health food. As children spend most of their time in school with fresh minds and are active to learn and understand what is taught in school. This is the time when they learn to share things and adopt habit by following their others fellows. If one student gets this habit of eating fruits and vegetables, then following him other fellow with likely to eat fruits and vegetables. In this way whole group and then all students will get this habit (Who.int, 2013). If the same habit is introduced in my field of nursing where patients are given healthy fruits and vegetables on their time of stay in hospital, it may help in improving their health condition and show them a path of lifestyle that they should adopt. By adopting this habit of consumption of fruits and vegetables they will have life free of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, heart attack. They will be more aware about their health issues and will know how to eradicate it once they get knowledge and habit from early age in school. These kinds of implementation play an important role in development of health society. Maximum effect must be put to implement consumption of fruits and vegetables. Consumption of fruits and vegetables not only make a person physically active but also mentally he is fresh to do work efficiently. It is very healthy options that must be ensure to implement in daily life routine. TASK 5 - Nurses’ role in smoking cessation Name of the study The study is called Nurses' opportunistic interventions with patients in relation to smoking Conducted by It was conducted by Whyte RE, Watson HE, McIntosh J. Who are Post-Doctoral Research Fellows in Caledonian Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, Glasgow Caledonian University. Published It was published in 2006 The paper aims to explore nurses' planning for the opportunities of health awareness for patients on smoking habits and its problem What happened? A qualitative study was conducted with 12 nurses working in three different hospitals in Scotland. . The collection of data was conducted through different observational methods and interviews. The interviews were also recorder to keep a record of nurse patient The overall nurse interaction patient was directed by the aim of improving health education awareness among patient keeping in view four key objectives that are 'the teachable moment', 'readiness to learn', 'the provision of health information' and 'oral communication' Findings or results Health education on the problems of Smoking has been found as one of the most important roles for nurses. Study also found that nurses find ample time during nurse patient interaction which can be utilized for promoting non-smoking habits and benefits for health and society. Conclusions The study concluded that nurses should be trained both educationally and tactfully to handle situation and utilize the time during nurse patient attraction. Also, smoking cessation guidelines should be taught during nurse’s education career so they may have a deep depth of knowledge about the subject and confidence while counselling patients. Strengths / weaknesses / limitations The study has various strengths like it has explored another role of nurses with which they can help society in a better way. There are more opportunities for patient to utilize their time in hospital in a knowledgeable session of smoking cessation. However, the study had limitations with the number of hospitals it conducted in and the communication which was used during counselling. Also, study did not talk about patient response when they were being counselled. Overview Concept of promoting smoking cessation educational counselling to patient with the help of nurses is an amazing idea that will help patient in keeping a healthy lifestyle. It will help in analyzing the fact that how much patient knows about smoking and what factors force them in adopting a habit of smoking. Social habit is one of the major concerns in this regard which is under heavy discussion. Many organizations are trying to educate young people to stay away from it to avoid various kinds of health conditions like lung cancer, mouth cancer etc. The nurse patient interaction time is a very nice platform that can be used in this regard to promote education of smoking. Also, it will help to improve the role of nurses in the society with a higher respect among patients. TASK 6 – Health promoting health service (HPHS) self-assessment b) Completing the self-assessment of HPHS tool is a self awakening process that showed the effort which has been put by my organization to make it a vigilant health promoting place. The assessment tool was prepared in a clear and understandable manner. I find it interesting as well as explorative that starts with an intuition of finding the organization effort to the participation of patients, peers and general public. Also, finding about my organization that how great it has performed in customizing patient information sources was pleasant experience. The survey also showed the areas of improvement that need to be focused in future. In the case of my organization it turned out that organization is not promoting the health activities within the workplace among employee which is quite important for a healthy workplace with ultimate benefits of maximum attendance and motivation in the organization. TASK 7 – Priorities in Workplace health and health promotion Stakeholders There are various internal and external stakeholders in workplace health promotions ranging from employees, employers, patients to companies who have shown active participation in workplace health promotion. Workplace health is very important these days in an organizational culture having 50 or more employees. It is beneficial both for employer and employees in many ways. For example, workforce place portrays a positive and caring image of the organization, boosts staff image, reduce tension among employees, reduce health care issues including absenteeism. It increases the workforce productivity and enhanced sense of well being (Cox, 1997, pp. 1--5). Workplace ageing Workplace ageing means retaining experienced, skilled and knowledgeable people in the workplace even after the retiring age. Workplace aging has been a big concern for the developing society. It has given rise to lot of issues and among them health condition of the ageing workforce is the most apparent. Older people are more susceptible to various kinds of health issues if they are retained under stress or strain. For instance, eye strain or headaches can lead to more serious problems like computer vision syndrome. Thus, it is very important to organize a structural framework of workplace health promotion so people who are approaching workplace ageing may get benefit out of it. Methods of health promotion and health education are recommended Workplace health promotions can be organized and implemented nationally and internationally. However, first of all there is a need of big change in employers approach towards this issue who do not take it seriously. Secondly initiatives on governmental level are needed so a conducive and supportive health workplace can be generated. Last but not the least, employees need to be educated about their health and lifestyle habits that they need to manage to avoid existing and non-existing health risks. A systemic follow up is also needed that monitor employers health history and their risk to have certain diseases. TASK 8 - Health promotion projects and strategies Project 1 CSS Project 2 TOUCH Project 3 Strategy to stop TB Project 4 Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health The scope of this project Is it local, regional, national, or international? national Regional INTERNATIONAL The target of this project Is it for individuals, groups, communities or populations Individuals. Individuals Populationa The main focus of the project Is it physical, mental, intellectual, emotional, social, or societal in focus? Social to diagnose cases of cervical cancer. Social Society The need for the project Established by individuals, community, voluntary organisation, statutory organisation or government? Government Individuals Organization Method(s) used in the project to enable health improvement? 1:1 input, leaflet, advice or education, group work, community action, TV/radio messages or laws/policies? Reminders N/A N/A Task 9 - Reflection on the module content Working on my own as a distance learner has been a great experience for me. I find this method more exploratory and investigative that gave me a chance to probe various questions in my mind. Also, it increased my computer searching skills and to filter the important information the huge data available online. I prefer this self learning process instead of class room instructions and orders to be implemented. The natures of articles that have been assigned were really interesting and most of them are related to health sciences, its management and new developments in the world. Many researchers have shown scientific data about cessation of smoking, people working for healthcare system and prone to diseases and WHO implementation of various rules nationally and internationally to make world a better place. The module has been very helpful for me. At one side where it increased my knowledge on various topics specially health sciences while on other it reflected my own image as a researcher and polished my exploratory skills (Bertera, 1990, pp. 1101--1105). I learnt many things from the module specially related to my field of health sciences. The module gave me a wide knowledge on different practices going on in Singapore and its various health concerns which need to be countered the soonest. Also, it helped me to read about various researches about organizations who are struggling with various health issues including workplace ageing. The module also gave me an insight about nurse’s role in the health care system and which is directly put into practice in my degree studies. References: 1. B and Ura, A. 2004. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health education \& behavior, 31 (2), pp. 143--164. 2. Bertera, R. 1990. 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