Tidal Model of Nursing: Models and Frameworks for Nursing - Essay Example

Topic Introduction Tidal model of nursing Phil Baker and his collegues pioneered the tidal model ofnursing. The main purpose of this method is to promote mental health. This model also shows the meaning of the people’s experiences. This is through the power of the metaphor that emphasises on the importance of the people’s choices and their wisdom. The Tidal model emphasises that people should be responsible for their own recovery not relaying on the medical practitioners. The model is based on six philosophical assumptions that are; one should respect the other person’s wishes that all goals belong to the person, a belief in the virtue of curiosity and the virtue of pursuing elegance among others. The medic using this method should acknowledge that change could happen anytime (Baker,P.2000). They should also know that everyone what is good for them. The Tidal method should take place in three different levels which are the self-domain, world domain and the others domain. Self domain- In this level people are made to feel and identify with their experiences. The domain aims at making the patient feel more secure. The medic helps the patient make a Security Plan. World domain- This is where history is held. The person needs to be understood. The person taking the patient through this process asks questions about the past and reveals their meaning. The medic may also identify what needs to be done for efficient recovery. Other domain- This is a representation of the various relationship the person has. The person gets support from different people. The friend and family may do so. The person may also get financial advice among many others. The main aim of this domain or process is to help the person live an effective ordinary life. The Tidal Method also uses the metaphor as mentioned earlier. The metaphor mostly used is that of the water. It explains that health is fluid in nature it is never stable. The water also describes how people can become emotionally, physically and spiritually unstable. This metaphor may help the doctor help the patient heal. The metaphor shows that problems do not last forever; they will change as time goes by ( Baker,P.2000). For care to be administered effectively, the person giving the care should realise that life changes and the nature of people to change too. The Tidal model likens experiences to ‘storms in the sea or piracy’ and says that when one is able to heal they are ‘put to sea’. The Tidal model has three group processes; 1. Recovery group- The main aim of this group is to help the person have a good self-esteem. This group makes them realise that they can help others in the society even if they were distressed. 2. Solution groups- This group helps the people to explore and share with others their experiences to get solutions for their own lives. 3. Information groups- This group helps the mental patients know of what they are going through. It helps them to know the kind of medication they are using, legal issues among others. Nursing process The patient had the following nursing problems; Sever headache and stomach ache, lack of appetite, he stopped caring about his personal hygiene, he developed unctrollable fear that he would be ran over by a car, he became very antisocial and he became very violent. In this paper, I will look at the two problems that are headache and loss of appetite. For the problems named above the patent should try to relax. This is because the problems could be because of anxiety or distress. Using the Tidal model of nursing, the patient should understand that this problem will last forever and they should take it upon themselves to solve it. The practitioner should put into practice the three main domains. In the self-domain, the practitioner should make the patient identify with their experience or problem. In the world domain, the practitioner should find out when the problem started and how it has grown to its current state. These questions help him or her identify with the needs of the patient. In the other domain, the patient should also get support from other people foe example family, friends and even share his experience with other patients who had recovered from the same problem. The groups may also serve a good purpose. This is because the patient will meet other people with the same or different experiences and by sharing their experiences, they help each other. What is a goal? This is what the nurse expects from clients after some time. For one to make gaols, they need to know that they should also have objectives. A gaol can be either short term or long term. A gaol should be measurable and realistic. Care has the following goals; Be cured- after whatever model the nurse uses the client should be cured. I f they are not cured it means that the goal was not achieved. Live longer- The client should be in a position to live longer because they are cured. Improve or maintain function- This shows that the client should improve on what he or she was taught for a better life. Be comfortable- The client should be comfortable so that if the same problem faces them they can tackle it without any setback. Achieve life goals- before the client got into problems, they had goals. Since they were able to straighten their lives, they may continue pursuing their life goals. Provide support for family- one who has been a care receiver can also be a caregiver. The MACROS criterion is; A- M- Measurable and observable B- A- Achievable C- Client- The goal should be client centred D- R- realistic E- O- outcome written F- S- Short. In the case of the headache, the short-term goal is that the patient should be in no pain within 30 minutes. The long-term goal for this problem is that the client will be in a position to control the headache. The nurse should be in a position to offer the patient help. In the case of the headache or loss of appetite, the client should take some medication to reduce the headache and increase the appetite. The client should also have a chance on deciding what measures to take to stop the above problems. The gaols the client writes down should be measurable. The client should write down gaols that are time bound. Nursing interventions Headache The headache affecting the client could be because of anxiety. With this in mind, to reduce anxiety the patient should be put on anxiety tablets. The patient should also identify what makes him or her anxious and deal with it. The patient should also take pain relievers for the headache. The above interventions are in line with the MACROS system of setting goals. The long-term goal of the headache is dealing with the anxiety that causes the headache. The short-term goal is to take pain relievers to stop the headache. Loss of appetite The cause of loss of appetite could be stress. The client should identify the stress factors and try to reduce them. Here the client should do their best not to be stressed so that they do not lose their appetite. The client should also take appetite tablets that will increase his appetite. The client should also accept whatever has happened and move on with their life. One of the steps of the Tidal model is talking and accepting whatever has happened. The goals set are both short term and long-term goals. These goals are achievable if the client works toward getting a better life. Care planning is an important step in the nursing area. A good care plan should be realistic and it fit the needs of the client. It should also fit the world-views, values and motivation of the client. The NMC code dictates that the nurses and midwives should have the following standards for conduct and performance; “You must establish that anyone you delegate to is able to carry out your instructions." "You must confirm that the outcome of any delegated task meets the required standards." "You must make sure that everyone you are responsible for is supervised and supported." Sharing with your colleagues Sharing is very important. A condition may be new to you and you may not know how to go about the situation. By sharing, one will get different views and will be in a better position to offer help to the client. Working effectively as partner of a team. Teamwork is very important in whatever situation. In teamwork, one is able to learn and teach the rest too. Both the client and the patient are in a better position to gain a lot from the rest of the team. Collaborating with those in your care-, the nurse should work hand in hand to help those in his or her care. Evaluation Tidal model This model explains that a patient should work toward healing by them. The tidal model is patient centred. As mentioned earlier, it uses the metaphor of water. This metaphor is used to explain the patient is going through is not permanent. Life changes at all time. The three domains used in the model are equally important for the well-being of the patient. Group sessions used by the patient and the nurse are important for both of them. The self-domain helps the patient identify with their experience. The Tidal model emphasises that people should be responsible for their own recovery not relaying on the medical practitioners The world domain helps the patient and the nurse understand the root cause of the problem. The other domain helps all other members of family and friends in assisting the patient recover fully. Validity According to me, the model is valid. This is because it helps a person grow or move from ‘sinking’ to being ‘on the shore’. The metaphor of water is the most appropriate to use in this situation. Life is full of difficulties and no situation is permanent. Once a patient learns to accept this, they are in better situation to help them. The domains used are valid too. This is because for a person to move from one point to another they need to accept and know where they are coming from. This is through the self-domain and the world-domain. Support from others is paramount. One cannot live on his own. The patient gets help from the other domain. These three domains take the patient from a state of denial and self-pity to a state of good self-esteem and self-realisation. Meets objectives This model, meets the objectives of both the nurse and the patient. The objectives in this case will be reflected in the goals. One of the goals of the patient is to manage anxiety. A goal according to the model uses the MACROS system. The system, the goals should be measurable, achievable, client centred, realistic, outcome written and short. The patient has made both long-term and short-term goals. Taking drugs to stop the headache and loss of appetite is a short-term goal. Knowing the root of anxiety and dealing with it so the long-term goal. When anxiety is dealt with, the issue of loss of appetite and headache will be forgotten. These goals are also realistic and achievable. Reliability This method is reliable. This because it is patient centred. This method gives the patient a chance to form his or her own views and goals. This method may be use by any medical practitioner and will be very effective. This model relates to the case study. This is because the models used can be used to treat this patient and to help the reach self-realisation. Critique of nursing models The Peplau model deals with nurse client relationship. This theory is centred on the creation of shared experience. According to Peplau, the nurse can help in the following ways; observation, description, formulation, interpretation, validation and intervention. The seven nursing roles by peplau are, 1. The stranger role- here the nurse acts like a complete stranger and receives the patient with acceptance so that they can be trusted. 2. Resource role- here questions are answered and clinical interpretations are made. 3. Teaching role- The experiences of the learners are interpreted. Instructions are given and training is provided. 4. Counselling role- In this case clients are made to understand their current situation. It provides encouragement to change the life of the client. 5. Surrogate role- helps the client get information on being independent. 6. Active leadership- Client make their own moves to attaining treatment. Clients do their best to get healed. 7. Technical expert role- Here clinical methods are used to help the client heal. This model is good because the patient starts from scratch with the nurse. The two do not know each other but work towards the same goal. The main weakness of this method is that, if the two do not know each other completely, the patient might find it hard to open up making it a problem for them to achieve their goal of being cured. The tidal model is patient centred. This could be strength and a weakness. This is because the patient could work toward self-realisation. It may be weakness because the patient may need help repeatedly to make goals and how far he or she has gone with the goals. Conclusion The two models described in this essay are both very important. They can be used to help a patient heal. The tidal model for example is client centred. It comprises of the metaphor of water, which explains that life is fluid in nature. It has been realised that the peplau is about the nurse client relationship. Bibliography Read More