Precede-Proceed Model of Healthcare - Essay Example

?Running Head: Precede Proceed Model Nursing of the of the of the The ever risinghealth problems have often been associated with the change in internal and external environment. The climate and quality of foods differ from nation to nation and thus affects the level of health problems across the world. The discussion aims at highlighting the emergence of diabetes as one of the deadliest diseases across the world with growing numbers of cases among South Asian Indian Women. In order to make the discussion more compact and analytical in nature Precede Proceed Model has also been used by focusing on community based health services and its importance and relevance in the global health care initiatives. As per the research conducted by Stanford University Medical Center (2003), South Asian Indian Women are more prone to heart diseases and diabetes compared to other women of the world. The primary reason behind this is their reluctance to the insulin resistance syndrome that causes high blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes. There is no doubt that diet plays an important role in controlling diabetes but reluctance towards insulin is one of the major problems that often aggravate the problem. Thus, it is important for health planners, policy makers and evaluators to design an effective and efficient health program pertaining to the diabetes control among South Asian Indian Women. The role of health care institutes and communities is of great importance in creating awareness along with changing the health care systems and patterns along with educating women suffering from diabetes. There is a need of global initiative and a systematic utilization of the health framework to attain health objectives. It is important to incorporate Precede Proceed Model’s elements while designing an effective framework for controlling diabetes along with keeping a tab on related diseases. Green and Kreuter, (1991) stated that the engagement of health communities would help in sorting the issue at the community level and made logical sense. Diabetes in South Asian Indian Women As per Doctor Wijenaike (2011), South Asian Indian Women carry high risk of diabetes and heart problems because of their living standards and reluctance to insulin. There has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of Diabetes in South Asian Indian Women living in different parts of the world. The primary reason behind this is low physical activities and high fat diet. There is no denying that genetics play an important role in determining a disease but apart from it, health initiatives and perceptions also play a deciding role. It is important to create local level awareness among these women along with guiding them in an informative and logical manner on the use and importance of insulin. An initiative needs to be taken by creating health care communities bringing changes along with managing and guiding people suffering from diabetes (Gielen, McDonald, Bone, (2008). This would help in addressing the problem in a systematic manner offering great results and solutions. Precede Proceed Model Lawrence Green (1976) stated that Precede Proceed Model is a framework that helps and guides health planners, policy makers and evaluators to assess a health problem along with designing an effective health programs. It includes enhancing of health and quality life by designing and implementing effective health initiatives and programs. This model requires active participation of targeted audience in order to understand problems and issues pertaining to a specific disease. This model states that health problems are influenced by both environmental and personal factors and need to be analyzed well. In this discussion, the basic health problem to be assessed and analyzed is diabetes and community based health solutions would be designed based on Precede Proceed Model. This would help in achieving the proposed objective of the discussion in a desired and systematic manner. Description of the Model The Precede Proceed Planning Model consists of four planning phases, one implementation phase and three evaluation phases helping in identifying the health problem along with offering solutions for it. In this discussion, health care communities have been identified as health planners using the Precede Proceed Planning Model to assess the prevalence of diabetes among South Asian Indian Women. Source: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/4210726/PRECEDE-PROCEED-Framework-(left-click-on-mouse-to-build-diagram) Precede Proceed Model is based on social assessment, epidemiologic assessment, behavioral and environmental assessment, educational and ecological assessment, administration and policy assessment, implementation, process evaluation, impact evaluation and outcome evaluation (Ransdell, (2001). Based on this model, an effective health framework would be designed at the community level for South Asian Indian Women assessing and evaluating their diabetes problem in the past as well as in the present. Applications of the Precede Proceed Model Phase 1- Social Diagnosis- the primary purpose of social diagnosis is to ascertain the social health problem that is diabetes among South Asian Indian Women. It will include garnering of data and information through interviews and surveys along with including the audience in the planning process to assess the issues at the community level. Phase 2- Epidemiological, Behavioral and Environmental Diagnosis- this phase determine and focuses on a specific health issue and behavioral and environmental factors pertaining to the health needs of the community. The epidemiological study includes community and state health surveys and medical records of diabetes patients. The behavioral analysis identifies the behavior of diabetes patients pertaining to their food habits, physical activities and general perceptions on diabetes. The environmental diagnosis aims at assessing environmental factors like high level of fat food stuffs and its availability along with lack of physical activity because of the economic well being (Daniel, Green (1995) Phase 3- Education and Ecological Diagnosis- After identifying and assessing environmental and behavioral factors, few factors would be selected that can be modified in order to bring changes. These factors are known as enablers and reinforcing factors playing an important role in changing the behavior and attitude of people through effective knowledge and facts. Patients would be motivated to change their common perceptions on diabetes through effective knowledge and guidance offered by skilled experts. Phase 4- Administrative and Policy Diagnosis- this phase includes assessment of resources, development and planning of budgets, assessment of barriers and coordinating with other organizations and the community. This phase would also analyze policies and regulations pertaining to the smooth flow of health care community’s objectives. Phase 5- Implementation of the Program- after assessing policies and other factors, the health care program on diabetes would be implemented involving audience and skilled experts. The exchange of information along with sharing of ideas on minimizing the impact of diabetes would help in achieving the health objective designed for the program. Phase-6- Process Evaluation- this phase would determine whether the program has been implemented according to the protocol or not. This would help in understanding the validity of the program in a lucid manner. Phase-7- Impact evaluation- this phase would analyse the impact of the program initiated for the well being of diabetes patients. The acceptance of knowledge and guidance by the audience would be assessed and accordingly impact would be assessed and analyzed. Phase 8- Outcome evaluation- this phase would analyze and compare the previous situation with the current one after the implementation of the health care program. The change in the health and social benefits would be analyzed by assessing the quality of life. The positive or negative effect of the program would be determined in the health and quality of life of South Asian Indian Women diabetes patients. Conclusion The health care programs at the community level aims at improving health standards along with enhancing the quality of life. There is no denying that developing a health care program for a particular section of the society would attract resistance from other groups but considering the program as a global initiative, the resistance level may not be that high.. The discussion offers a good insight on developing an effective health care program on minimizing the impact of diabetes among South Asian Indian Women in an informative and logical manner along with addressing the importance and relevance of the Precede Proceed Model. References Ransdell, L.B. (2001). Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model to Increase Productivity in Health Education Faculty. The International Electronic Journal of Health Education, 4: 276-282 Green, L. & Kreuter, M. (1991). Health Promotion Planning. (2nded.). Mountain View: Mayfield Publishing Co Daniel, M., & Green, L. W. (1995). Application of the Precede-Proceed model in prevention and control of diabetes: Diabetes Spectrum 8, 80-123. Gielen, A.C., McDonald and Bone, L.R. (2008). Using the PRECEDE/PROCEED Model to Apply Health Behavior Theories. 4th edition, pp. 407-433. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Silicon India (2003), “South Asian Women at High Risk for Heart Diseases”. Retrieved from http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/South_Asian_women_at_high_risk_for_heart_disease_Study-nid-21435.html Nishan Wijenaike (2007). “Diabetes in People of South Asian Origin in the UK”. Retrieved from http://www.diabetesuffolk.com/UnderstandingDiabetes/Diabetes%20in%20South%20Asians.htm Read More