cultures.” (Thiry-Cherques) By using these examples, the author sought to underscore the cost of misinterpretation for multinational organizations. Thiry-Cherques wrote from a critical perspective. His critique, however, was not aimed at the concept of globalization per se, but instead an element to it – the semantics. In the fortune-chance analogy, he described the dilemma in this account: People of Latin origin tend to handle the unexpected within their understanding of fortune, while people of other origins, such as Anglo-Saxons, where most contemporary administrative knowledge comes from, tend to handle it within their understanding of chance. (p. 592) The problem, as Thiry-Cherques presented it, lies in the circumstance when chance and fortune are taken as synonymous.
An administrator from each of the origins mentioned will have a different approach to chance or fate as one would treat it as unavoidable while the other would attempt to predict and make sense out of it. It is impossible to rule out bias in studies such as that one undertaken by Thiry-Cherques. According to Roger Jones, bias occurs when researchers do not critically examine their own perspective and the influence that they themselves might have had on the results. (p. 474) In his paper, Thiry-Cherques was not able to do this.
It is clear that the author’s background, experience and beliefs have an influence on the results of his work. This kind of bias is called “confounding”, an instance wherein the relationship of the two variables in the paper – Anglo-Saxon and Latin American perspectives – was not mediated by a third unmeasured variable. (Pearl p. 78) In regard to the bias characterized by the misrepresentation of facts, wherein the writer lied outright, there was no such occurrence. Thiry-Cherques did not invent false data or “facts” and that he did not twist what the opposing argument has said.
He was able two present evidences, often more than two references to
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