Physiolocal principles For health and social care - Essay Example

The mandibles are movable joints that help in mastication. The inferior part of the skull forms the facial bones that support the eyes, nose, and mouth. These twenty-six bones help in maintaining the shape and posture of the whole body. They include the seven cervical bones at the neck region, twelve thoracic vertebrae at the chest region, five lumber vertebrae at the lower back, one sacral bone and the coccyx bone. The sternum is located medially and the anterior aspect of the chest region. It joined up to the ribs by costal cartilage.

There are twelve pairs of ribs joined to the sternum forming a rib cage that protections lungs and heart. The first connect to the thoracic vertebrae with their own cartilage hence called true ribs while ribs eight to ten are false ribs since they indirectly connect to the sternum. Ribs eleven and twelve lack any cartilage for attachment hence known as floating ribs. Upper limbs are connected to the axial skeleton by the pectoral girdle. This part consists of the left and right clavicle bones.

The upper limb consists of the humerus, which is the long bone that forms an elbow joint at the junction with radius and ulna bones. The radius is responsible for the turning of the hand over the wrist joint. The digits are made up of three phalanges each apart from the thumbs, which only have two. The pelvic girdle is made up of the right and left pelvic bones that link the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. Femur are the long bones that form the hip joint on connection to the hip bones which is a ball and socket joint and knee joint with tibia and patella bones.

The lower leg is made up of tibia and fibula bones that bear most of the body weight. At the proximal end, the tibia and fibula bones form ankle joint with the talus bone of the foot. Posteriorly the foot is consists of tarsal bones and anteriorly metatarsals and phalanges. Bones also function to enable movement through various body joints; the red bone marrow