The relationship of the U.S with Iran and Iraq in the 1980s - Essay Example

Anthology; in the chapter 8 of the particular book, under the title ‘The Color of Violence’ (INCITE 81) the issue of violence of people belonging in the white race against people of other races is discussed. The pieces of information retrieved through the specific book are analyzed based on a theoretical framework that focuses on the transformation of conflict: the ‘Big Picture of Conflict Transformation (BPCT) framework’ (Lederach 35). Through this framework certain solutions for facing the expansion of race-based conflicts are presented; however, the success of the relevant measures requires the willingness of the participants to change their beliefs in regard to social exclusion and equality.

Such target is rather difficult to be achieved while the actual benefits of any relevant effort could take a long period in order to appear. The BPCT framework is consisted of three layers: at the first level, three aspects of the conflict are reviewed: ‘Issue, Patterns, and History’ (Lederach 35). Each of these issues are explained as follows: the Issue element of this layer refers to the present status of the conflict, the Patterns element implies the common forms of the conflict as developed through the years and the History element shows the status/ form of the conflict in its early years (Lederach 34-36).

The elements presented above have a unique relationship; this relationship is presented in Figure 1, through a graph based on the BPCT framework of Lederach. The elements of the framework’s first layer interact in the following way: Issue, which equals to Present, is highly influenced by the Patterns; the latter have been gradually developed through the continuation of the conflict for a long term. If the history of the conflict, i.e. its forms in the long past, is checked then the Patterns and the Present status of the conflict would be easier understood.

The second