The Usefulness of Corporate Model of Management for Citywide Hospital Agencies - Essay Example

THE CORPORATE MODEL OF MANAGEMENT SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR WIDE HOSPITAL AGENCIES TO ADDRESS ITS INEFFICIENCIES Introduction The demand for healthcare in the modern era has increased, and the public has seen the need to increase their investment in the healthcare by allocating sufficient amount of resources to healthcare and medical care. The value of healthcare and the need to increase the proportion of income spent in medical bills has resulted into improvement in the quality of living. Over the last two decades, healthcare sector has faced a challenge of the emergence of a number of chronic infections with no cure or treatment or vaccination. Therefore, research in the healthcare sector has massively invested resources in carrying out research on the possibility of developing cure/treatment for these infections that claim lives of many in the 21st century. However, both the states and local government have equally increased medical and clinical awareness campaigns aimed at increasing and improving the quality of healthcare provided to the public. This has been made possible through enacting legislation on healthcare provision to ensure universal access to services. This has resulted into improvement in the quality of life and hence the general productivity of the industry. Problem of the Study The management and administration of hospital agencies remains an incredibly complicated and challenging task that calls for effective balancing of all aspects in a hospital setting. Therefore, hospital overseers must balance between pressure from all aspects including internal demands (public expectations, pattern of emerging diseases and demographics changes), demands from suppliers (health care workforce, clinical knowledge and technology), as well as social demands (global research and development market, internationalisation and financial pressures). The complexity of managing hospital agencies remains a concern to researchers who have questioned the wisdom of the application of the corporate model of management in the hospital settings. Presently, many hospitals agencies citywide are relying on a corporate model of management. This model has encouraging impacts on the hospitals productivity. However, overreliance on the model presents severe consequences on the quality and sustainability of service delivery. It is notable that the theme for adopting corporate model of management in the citywide hospital agencies arose from the need to improve productivity and quality of service delivery (Debra et al.). The need to enhance the development of citywide hospital agencies necessitated the adoption of this model. The model has presented diverse discrepancies, which collectively affect quality service delivery. Healthcare overseers have emphasised profitability escalation instead of provision of quality services (Debra et al). The subsequent sections analyzes diverse research already conducted in United States of America regarding the side effects of using corporate model of management in citywide hospital agencies. It is significant for the healthcare sector to embrace technology and research in order to increase the quality of life. In order to achieve this, institutions must allocate sufficient amount of resources. It is crucial to note that hospitals play fundamental roles in the improvement of quality of life and the management undertakes necessary steps to achieve this. The level of management efficiency in these determines the degree of success that is realized. Most importantly, institutions, which are poorly managed provides services inefficiently thus causing the patient to seek alternative healthcare service provides. With the increase in the globalization and economic liberalization, it is essential for the healthcare institution manager to focus on cost-minimization and quality policies that are essential in improving the quality of care provided to the public. Healthcare sector and hospital are therefore facing stiff competition from other sectors of care provision. The key factor to the success of a healthcare institution depends on how well the organization utilized the resources at their disposal. Financial managers and CEO of health institution are tasked with ensuring successful service delivery while focusing on cost effectiveness. The officers normally take lead in fostering quality service delivery and institutional development. They should be able to manage their workforce and essential resources for the delivery of quality healthcare. Appropriate labour force capacity and the human resource endowments are critical for the realization of quality services (Maaike). A proper understanding of the organizational culture and work environment by the workforce is also a critical aspect in the delivery of quality services. Summary of the Findings The corporate model of management is an approach that attempts to balance between inside-out views of administration strategy and the outside-in views of strategies. In this scenario, hospital policy makers and implementers tends to balance between managing available resource, customers demands, and market competition. Therefore, the interrelation between strategic domain and strategic choice commonly applied in a modern hospital is an indication of intensive use of the corporate model of management in contemporary America citywide hospitals agencies. Corporate model of management does not only focus on specific strategic domains, but it as well offers a comprehensive business logic that presents a linkage between different activities in the healthcare system. The adoption of a corporate management model that seeks to address the needs and demands of all players in hospital systems will be incredibly effective in dealing with contemporary healthcare challenges. Although the utilisation of the corporate model of management is intended to offers a lasting solution to the challenges and setbacks that are encountered in the management of healthcare systems, the models have created continuous challenges in the entire operations and management of the healthcare sector. Modern healthcare decision makers in United States of America healthcare systems have relied on the corporate model of management in trying without succeeding to answer some of the most complicated concerns in healthcare systems (Maaike). Modern corporate model of management has as well substituted most of the organic approach that were previously used in American healthcare systems. Corporate model of management has as well proved to be remarkably effective in enabling decisions makers to acquire the most relevant and critical information on the sources of past failures and successes. However, the employment of the corporate model of management in health systems in American citywide hospital agencies has been a complicated issue of concern in America healthcare system. A good number of America health system managers have exceedingly limited knowledge and competence of the most effective methods of using corporate model of management in managing operations in the healthcare sector. Pattern Rundall, Oberlin, Salmon, Thygesen & Janus (2012) has offered a comprehensive explanation on the current pattern in many American citywide hospital agencies. The authors have explained the manner in which American health system has adopted corporate models of management in managing their activities. Rundall et al (2012) described the ineffective use of the corporate model of management in American healthcare systems. They argue that some concepts of the corporate model of management gain use in undermining service delivery. Most healthcare managers offer low quality services with an aim of enhancing organisational productivity. Research Methodology Rundall et al (2012) interviewed healthcare professionals from various healthcare centres in over 20 states in America in order to understand patient opinions and views. Researchers interviewed retired professionals’ who served in private healthcare systems in order to generate a comparative view and evaluation. Researchers also examined healthcare managers to understand complications associated with using corporate model of management (Rundall et al, 2012). Other participants in the study were healthcare researchers, legal experts, social workers, and policy makers. Conducting systematic interviews enable researchers to understand respondents’ perception on the use of the corporate model of management. Researchers relied on open-ended questionnaires in order to understand the pattern and side effects of using corporate management model in the quality of service delivery. Rundall et al (2012) provides an effective solution, which addresses challenges encountered by managers. Healthcare managers adopt an effective means of utilising corporate model of management concept without compromising the service delivery. Carol, MacKusick, & Minick (2012), discussed the adoption pattern for the corporate model of management. They undertook a comprehensive study to understand the pattern that is used in modern healthcare systems in America. They focused on identifying a sustainable solution to contemporary management challenges in healthcare systems. A good number of America healthcare centres encountered consistent problems and management complications due to consistent reliance on a corporate model of management (Carol et al, 2012). Carol, et al. (2012) noted that corporate model of management provides no opportunity for dealing with the emerging changes in healthcare systems. It also has fixed mechanisms of solving emerging problems. The authors identified fixed ways of solving emerging problems as the major shortcomings of the model. Maaike noted that the model does not provide sustainable solutions to emerging health and management complications. According to Carol, et al. (2012), problems brought about by overreliance on the corporate model of management in America healthcare systems has affected both management and service delivery to populations. Most researches are underfunded to increase healthcare productivity. Owing to comprehensive utilisation of the corporate model of management in American citywide hospital agencies, researches that are aimed at searching for solutions to emerging healthcare complications have significantly reduced. On the other hand, cases of preventable and premature deaths have also significantly increased. Moreover, by referring to their research, Carol et al. (2012) have also identified the fact that, severe side effects of the corporate model of management have largely affected lower class and some middle class section of the population that relies on citywide hospital agency facilities to meet their health needs. Therefore, in their interview, Carol et al. (2012) focused on lower class segment of the population to understand the pattern and side effects of corporate management model on patients’ health. Other people who were involved in the study were healthcare professionals in various healthcare centres, healthcare researchers, legal experts and healthcare scholars. In their study, Carol et al (2012) used direct observation method to collect most of their information regarding the pattern that is used in modern healthcare institutions. Studying research findings and articles from other researchers proved to be a highly effective and critical method in collecting information that was used in their study. Questionnaires were as well remarkably productive tools in their study. Similar to previous studies on the impacts of corporate management model, Carol, et al. found out that, despite having encouraging impact to healthcare productivity, this model have significantly affected healthcare professionals’ productivity. The model has a negative impact on the quality and nature of researches that are conducted by America citywide hospital agencies. Scope of the Problem in the Study In this paper, the researcher suggests that the problem under study affects most organizations. However, the researcher has decided to situate the study within the scope of Hospital Agenicies in the American Cities where it will be possible to study how the organizational model affects management of the institutions. Summary Despite having productive intention, the pattern that is used by a considerable number of citywide healthcare institutions has taken a different direction. Many healthcare centres in America are focused more on advancing their productivity instead of improving the quality of their services. Researchers have also found out that, despite having encouraging impact to healthcare productivity, this model have significantly affected healthcare professionals’ productivity. The model has a negative impact on the quality and nature of researches that are conducted by America citywide hospital agencies Themes The present themes of utilising corporate model of management in America citywide hospital agency are holistically described by Stronks & Mutha (2010), as an issue of market competition in their article. According to Stronks & Mutha (2010), although the adoption of this model was intended at improving the quality of services offered in health centres, corporate model of management does not increase the worth to American citywide hospital agencies. Instead, corporate model of management shifts the management and operation costs in healthcare systems thus increasing the entire treatment costs. In their research, it was asserted that corporate model of management increases competition and bargaining powers in order to capture potential patients. Therefore, as described by Stronks & Mutha (2010), the most effective way of dealing with zero-sum competition that is caused by employment of corporate management model in the healthcare system is through effective utilisation of value-based strategies. Moreover, contrary to corporate definition of the concept “worth”, Stronks & Mutha (2010) has defined value as a sustainable process that is viewed from customers’ perspective through improving patients’ services. According to Stronks & Mutha (2010) all healthcare systems are supposed to value, their services by examining the nature and quality of services offered to their patients. As described by Stronks & Mutha (2010), the act of linking value with profitability has reduced the quality of services offered in healthcare systems. As a result, many United States of America citywide hospital agencies have compromised the quality of services with the profitability of the entities. In their study, Stronks & Mutha (2010) observed that, most of the organisations that experience high productivity offer low quality services to their patients. The population that participated in the study were low class section of the population as well as Africa America populations who utilises the America citywide hospital agencies. Although previous studies have associated corporate model of management complications with middle class and lower American population, Stronks & Mutha (2010) have as well linked these problems to some section of upper class population. This is due to the fact, although most upper class populations uses private healthcare institutions, there are some sections who prefers citywide hospital agencies due to their reduced costs and the availability of high standards equipment. Moreover, in this study, Stronks & Mutha (2010) also stated that, new recruits in healthcare sectors encounter severe problems in adapting to the corporate model of management. Most healthcare training institutions do not offers corporate courses. Therefore, a good number of new recruits in America citywide hospital agencies do not have the basic knowledge essential to effective perform in an organisation that is management by corporate model of management. In their study, Stronks & Mutha (2010) used direct observation and one-on-one interview to collect the relevance information. Open-ended questionnaires were also extremely essential in the entire study. Moreover, researchers in the study undertook intensive literature review to uncover findings from other researchers. Just like previous articles, Stronks & Mutha (2010) confirmed that, although corporate model of management has positive and attractive outcome in America healthcare system, the model has severe short term and long-term side effect in the population health condition. Based on Stronks & Mutha (2010) recommendations, American citywide hospital agencies ought to adopt management model that consider interests of the institutions’ clients. Debra et al. also discussed the themes of adopting corporate model of management in citywide hospital agencies. In their article, Debra et al. describes corporate model of management in health systems as a system that focuses on the pre-defined solution, as opposed to tools and techniques that are used to build strategies in the healthcare system. As described by Debra et al. modern healthcare managers are focused on value realisation, as opposed to the value that is added in patient health. According to Debra, et al., the main problem of adopting corporate model of management in United States of America citywide hospital agencies is their focus on profitability, as opposed to patient health. Health institutions that have adopted corporate model of management have adopted inside-out strategy. In this strategy, all activities in the organisation are based on the resources that are available in the hospital rather than the value the available resources add to the current health situation. Therefore, according to Debra, et al., the adoption of the corporate model of management has a severe influence on the entire decision making process in healthcare institution. As a result, most of the projects in America citywide hospital are aimed at making a profit in the organisation, as opposed to increasing the quality of services that are offered in the organisation. Due to lack of adequate investment in citywide hospital agencies in America, many lives are lost due to preventable health complications. In addition, there are decidedly limited researches to identify new method of treating emerging healthcare problems. According to Debra et al., overreliance on a corporate model of management has affected the section of the population that is infected by chronic healthcare complications. The American citywide hospital agencies do not improve chronic disease patients’ health complications. In the research, Debra et al. relied on patients that are affected by chronic diseases in collecting their facts. In their study, Debra et al. used hospital documentary to collect most of their information on the themes of the new model. Phone and one-on-one interview was also essential in the study. The researchers as well used video recorder in storing the collected information. Just like other articles, Debra et al. in the article observed that, using the existing healthcare institutions to make immense profits have been a serious problem in improving the health condition of United States of America population. Therefore, according to Debra et al., utilisation of the corporate model of management is one of the most ineffective models of managing American citywide hospital agencies. In their article, Ross examined and expounded on the value that is added to healthcare system by adopting corporate model of management. In their study, Ross observed that, although cooperate model of management has considerable level of advantages in modern healthcare systems; the model has significantly reduced the quality of services offered by citywide hospital agencies. Ross compared and contrasted the nature and impacts of various management models adopted by various institutions in United States of America. In their study, Ross intended to examine the most effective model of managing healthcare systems. In their article, Ross has listed advantages and disadvantages of various models that are currently used in United States of America healthcare systems. In their study, Maaike observed that although corporate model of management has some encouraging outcome, the model have to an appreciable extent paralysed activities and operations in American health systems. Ross in their article has linked the existing premature and preventable deaths with the adoption of the corporate model of management in healthcare systems. The limited researches in citywide hospital agencies are also associated with the adoption of the corporate model of management in health systems. Just like the previous articles, Ross article have advised the American healthcare systems management to adopt new management model to replace the existing corporate model of management. The employment of other models will not only improve the productivity and efficiency of United States of America healthcare systems, but will as well increase the quality of services that are offered by healthcare professionals. Similar to other articles, Ross article has also linked corporate model of management with inadequate researches in a good number of American citywide hospital agencies. In addition, as described by Ross in their article, lower class section of the population is the one that is significantly affected by the inefficiency that is caused by employment of the corporate model of management. Maaike also gathered most of their information from healthcare researchers and healthcare professionals. Information from healthcare managers was as well incredibly essential in the research. Documents from citywide hospital agencies also played an essential role in providing numerical figure that were essential in the study. Apart from relying on information from the healthcare system documentary, researchers also conducted comprehensive interview from the community members, healthcare professional, and other healthcare experts. Questionnaires were also used to collect information from health scholars and university professors. Summary Although corporate model of management has positive and attractive outcome in America healthcare system, the model has severe short term and long-term side effect in the population health condition. Therefore, American citywide hospital agencies ought to adopt management model that consider interests of the institutions’ clients. Moreover, using the existing healthcare institutions to make enormous profits is a significant problem in improving the health conditions in United States of America. Therefore, utilisation of the corporate model of management is one of the most ineffective models of managing American citywide hospital agencies. Discrepancies Different scholars have come up with conflicting opinions on the impact of the corporate model of management in America citywide hospital agencies. On their side, Jane, et al. in their article described impacts of changes that are essential in the management of United States of America citywide hospital agencies. Jane, et al. also described how various healthcare institutions in America are management by managers from various professional backgrounds. However, despite its impressive performance, Jane et al. observed that, corporate model of management that is adopted by many healthcare institutions do not address some of the most critical customers’ preferences. Instead, corporate model of management is more interested in fulfilling interests of the organisation. Moreover, as described by Jane et al. a good number of America healthcare organisations are interested in identifying their position in the existing value chain. As a result, the act of undermining the clients’ interests has reduced the quality of services offered in most healthcare institutions in America. Jane et al. have also linked the increased cases of healthcare complications in America with the ineffective management of American healthcare systems. There are exceedingly limited researches that are aimed at improving the health condition of United States of America population. However, contrary to previous articles, Jane et al. article have linked the current health situation in America population to the employment of the corporate model of management in citywide hospital agencies. As described by Jane et al. the population that is affected by utilisation of the corporate model of management in America citywide hospital agencies are vulnerable section of the population such as children, women, and disabled section of the population. In collecting their data, Jane et al. adopted group discussion in analysing findings from other scholars. Interviews have a particularly critical method of collecting numerical facts. Just like previous studies, Janet et al. also used direct observation to examine the impact of adopting the corporate model of management in American citywide hospital agencies. Carol Isaac, MacKusick, and Ptlene Minick have a contrary opinion with the one that was adopted by Jane et al. In their study, Brinkert (2010) examined various management models that were employed in America citywide hospital agencies. In his study, Brinkert (2010) also examined the impact and side effects of each of the identified model. The problem in his study was to identify the most effective management model in the healthcare system. After consistent evaluation, Brinkert (2010) concluded that, although corporate model of management has economic value, the model is also efficiency and sustainability in service delivery. As described by Brinkert (2010) the model has transformed the America citywide hospital agencies from not only quality service providers but to enormous profit making organisations. As a result, a good number of healthcare professionals have shifted their attention from offering quality services to their client to coming up with a mechanism of advancing the organisation profitability. Most of the projects in American healthcare systems are aimed at making a profit and improving the quality of services that are offered to patient. Carol Isaac, MacKusick, and Ptlene Minick further observed that, the most affected section of the America population is women and children. Contrary to previous articles relied on children and women to gather their facts. Just like the previous articles, the article by Brinkert (2010) has associated the worsening of America health condition with ineffective adoption of the corporate model of management. In the study, Brinkert (2010) utilised various tools and methodologies. Questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the impact of the corporate model of management on healthcare professionals. The researcher used the interview to gather information from patients and other stakeholders in the healthcare system. Summary Brinkert (2010) and Jane et al. have come up with conflicting views on the impact and nature of the corporate model of management in American citywide hospital agencies. Jane et al. article have linked the current health situation in America population to the employment of the corporate model of management in citywide hospital agencies. On the other hand, Brinkert (2010) has associated the worsening of America health condition with ineffective adoption of the corporate model of management. Conclusion In the light of the above facts, it is clear that, a good number of American citywide hospital agencies have adopted corporate model of management. As described by various scholars, corporate model of management have proved to extremely essential in addressing some emerging issues brought about by current strategic environment. The model also offers healthcare system overseers with an opportunity to examine various mechanisms that can improve the organisation profitability. However, despite the outstanding benefits of the corporate model of management in the healthcare system profitability, the model has faced consistent criticism from healthcare scholars and professionals. The model is condemned for compromising the quality of services offered in citywide hospital agencies with the organisation profitability (Amy Wilson-Stronks, and Sunita). On the other hand, a good number of healthcare professionals have also linked the adoption of the corporate model of management to the current reduced research activities in United States of America citywide hospital agencies. The increases cases of premature and preventable deaths are also associated with poor service delivery that is enhanced by the employment of the corporate model of management. Corporate model of management has as well minimised chances of comprehensive interaction between professionals from different professional background. Consequently based on the severe impacts of the corporate model of management in America healthcare systems, it is the responsibility of all players in the organization to ensure effective adoption of the most valuable model of managing healthcare systems in United States of America. Works Cited Brinkert, R. Conflict coaching training for nurse managers: a case study of a two-hospital health system. Journal of Nursing Management. 2010, (19) 80–91. Carol, Isaac, MacKusick, and Ptlene Minick. Why Are Nurses Leaving? Finding From an Initial Qualitative Study on Nursing Attrition. Medsurg Nursing. November/December 2010, Vol. 19/No. 6. Debra Jackson et al. Trial and retribution. Contempory Nurse (2010) Vol 36, Issue (1-2):34-44. Jane Gardner et al. striving to be heard and recognized. Nephrology Nursing Journal (2011) Vol 38, Issue 3:239-253. Maaike, A.P., Janssen et al. Factors influencing the implementation of the guideline Triage in emergency Depts. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 21: 437-447. Ross Brinkert. Conflict coaching training for nurse managers: a case study of a two-hospital health system. Journal of Nursing Management, 2011, 19, 80–91. Rundall, T., Oberlin, S.,Salmon, K., Thygesen,B & Janus, K. Success Under Duress: policies and Practices Managers View as Keys to Profitability in Five California Hospitals with Challenging Payer Mix. Journal of Healthcare Management. 2012, 57 (2) 95 – 112. Stronks, A. and Mutha,S. From the Perspective of CEOs: What Motivates Hospitals to Embrace Cultural Competence. Journal of Healthcare Management. 2010, 55 (5) 339 – 352. Read More