Health Care Planning and Evaluation - Case Study Example

Health Care Planning and Evaluation The National Institute of Health traces its basis in 1887, during which a single-room Laboratory of Hygiene was formed at the Marine Hospital, Staten Island in New York. The National Institute of Health (NIH), a section of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), is the principal Federal organization for performing and supporting health research—assisting to lead the way toward significant medical inventions that develop an individual’s health and saves lives. According to Jonas, Goldsteen, and Goldsteen (2007), the NIH conducts and supports medical study to comprehend how a person’s body functions and achieve insights into numerous disorders and diseases, from uncommon to more recognizable ones such as the common cold. The NIH is mandated to conduct scientific research in search of basic knowledge on the behavior and nature of living styles and the utilization of that understanding to expand healthy life and decrease the burdens of disability and illness. NIH conducts high-quality, goal-oriented study and policy assessment of the organization, funding and health care delivery in America. The NIH operates to recognize major health care policy concerns, discover policy alternatives, and analyze benefits, and drawbacks of policy alternatives to assist advice policy formulators and various key decision-makes on how the increase in access to affordable, high-quality health care to the entire American population. Advance health care planning does not merely entail old age; at whatever age, a medical emergency could many people seriously ill to make their individual health care decisions. Thus, making future health care planning is an essential step toward improving the general health of people. Advanced healthcare planning entails learning about the forms of choices that may be made, regarding those choices in advance, and putting them in an advance directive. Medical research provides a vital function in the health status of all Americans. Because of the developments in medication and public health, the U.S. populations are living and staying healthier. The NIH promotes a lot of the research study countrywide that evaluates how individuals age and the means to advance their health during their later ages. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) is a branch of NIH; where various NIA-promoted studies centers on advance healthcare planning, involving assessing why individuals might accomplish advance directions and the impact of these directions on end-of-life health care. The 27 organizations and centers of the NIH, the fundamental, medical research organization, operate directly with Universities and allied teaching hospital organizations to examine the causes, cure, and treatment of both widespread and uncommon diseases and perform a diversity of vital research. The United States leadership in health study is a flare of expectation for researchers and patients all over the globe and characterizes an increasingly significant segment of the United States economy. The increasing role of scientists in the diagnosis, cure and management structures promises long-lasting gains in more efficient health care provision and expenditure savings. It is decisive that NIH gets high priority for financing in FY 2011 and onwards. Without strong constant support, significant research started under the various stimulus packages might not realize the intended outcomes. Progressively more, NIH biomedical researchers work together with engineers in growing diagnostic apparatus, treatments, and expertise realizes medical requirements (Kastor, 2010). The NIH’s child care plan is among the major programs being provided by the benchmarked institutions. Its vital strengths are the number of agencies it provides and the amount of child care positions that are made accessible to NIH workers. Nonetheless, NIH’s plan is at around the same stage as majority of the standardized organizations on major program aspects and is behind comparative to offering endorsement child care and providing temporary disability for motherhood leave coverage, and its incapability to realize the soaring demand for child care institution slots. In its attempt to promote the extroverted child care demands of the NIH society, NIH’s child care programs comprises of several contributions. This includes near-site and on-site child care institutions, a child care funding program, child care wait list, referral and resource services, lactation support and a Parental Listsery. The yearly operating finance for the child care programs range from $1.67 million (Kastor, 2010). The expenses comprises of financing for the leasing of room at the three NIH-supported child care institutions, the expenses of the child care funding plan, the program managerial expenses and the wait list administration contract. Apart from providing extra on-site child healthcare services, the NIH also promote and support more family-responsive and reliant care plans that reinforce employee obligation and operate towards making NIH a preferred working organization. According to Spiegel and Alving (2005), the strategic plan for NIH obesity study is meant to serve as a channel for organizing obesity research processes across NIH and for promoting the advance of new attempts founded on recognition of sections of greatest scientific chances and challenge. Initiated by the Obesity Research Task Force of NIH with critical contribution from external researchers and the general public, the plan replicates a dynamic development procedure and depicts a multidimensional study program, with a unified set of objectives and plans for attaining the goals. The main scientific ideas on which the Strategic Plan is structured include treating and preventing obesity via lifestyle change; treating and preventing the problem of obesity via surgical, pharmacologic, or various medical methods; investigator training, education and outreach efforts; and translational research. Through the attempts explained in the NIH’s Strategic Plan for Obesity Research, the organization strives to promote and hasten the development in obesity research to improve public health. The NIH financial plan demand that the Congress obtains from the President every February of the subsequent financial year illustrates both current history and expert judgments on the future, since it has to maintain both continuing research obligations and new plans. The demand is devised through an extensive procedure that begins more than one year early in organizations and centers. The fiscal plan then develops over several months as it develops from the Institutes and Centers (ICs) to NIH, and later to HHS before eventually moving to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). In every phase, McDonough (2007) contends that NIH and IC demands are evaluated in the framework of the bigger budget in which they are a section. As a constant procedure, IC managers, with the contribution from the scientific society, characterize the most significant and promising sections in their relevant fields. They regard whether the research case they are currently promoting requires any rebalancing, and decide on probable new advances for the upcoming financial year. A yearly budget retreat brings the centers and institutes’ leaders with key NIH administration to deliberate policies and precedence within several budget scenarios. For instance, what the diverse focuses in their plans would be given the appropriation emerged to be a particular decrease in percentage, a smooth budget, or a raise. This presentations and deliberations permit NIH administration to form the budget demand they will propose to HHS, considering the approximation of the sum of financing required to maintain the obligation base of constant awards, the financing preferred for the uncalled-for new research proposals. The idea of cultural proficiency has a positive impact on patient health care provision by facilitating care providers to provide services that are considerate of and receptive to the health attitudes and beliefs, performances and artistic and linguistic demands of the diverse patient population. The NIH identifies the challenge brought about by the health care demands of an increasing number of varied ethnic and racial societies and linguistic groups, each one of them with its unique cultural characteristics and health problems (Georgiev, Karl & McGowan, 2010). The NIH identifies the necessity to utilize research developments in such a manner as to guarantee improved health care for the entire American population. Current attempts through NIH study and that conducted by various groups and organizations donate to recognizing further possible relations between decreases in health inequalities and suitable delivery of health care and health information. NIH communication agencies develop and distribute resources they have planned with societies and utilizing public participation norms. As one of NIH’s current and future direction, the organization conducts cross-cutting research studies, whose themes covers various topics. First, and of critical significance is a focus on the demands of particular populations, encompassing children, ethnic/racial marginalized who are excessively impacted by obesity, individuals living in states of poorer socioeconomic or those with low literacy levels, older adults, women, and persons with disabilities. Moreover, the NIH’s Office of Research Facilities Development and Operations (ORF), formed in 2003, has the mandate of providing a single position of responsibility for the entire organization’s activities, to rationalize the flow of information, and to promote decision making on study and research facility matters. The core accountabilities of the ORF are planning, building, and running NIH owned and rented facilities; maintaining and developing policies and values overriding the development and utilization of real asset; helping the Director of NIH with the formulation and realization of the facilities and buildings appropriation; directing and planning facility-linked service; offering centralized acquirement service for engineering, architecture, and construction contracting; and protecting and promoting NIH environment. Promoting the end of life patient experiences and that of their families is also one of the organization’s future fundamental research topics. The IOM’s 1997 report on the end of life care established an extensive dissatisfaction with care provided during the end of life and various gaps the available scientific understanding. Developments in medical healing and care are assisting individuals with numerous chronic and intricate health states live longer. Following the publication of IOM information, the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), together with various Institutes at the NIH, funded a workshop on the signs of terminal illness. The country’s future course for end of life study will tackle the interest and challenges recognized in this workshop by highlighting interdisciplinary collaborations, the expansion of biomarkers and various objective actions of future death, the enclosure of end of life study in existing clinical examination networks, the staffing of minority populaces into the study, and the enhanced application of technology during care delivery. Through these attempts, it is anticipated that new research findings will be generated on managing of pain and various symptoms, preparation and decision making in health care and cure, and the participation friends and family in care. The develop the experience of end of life within the country’s health care system; it is important that the best evidence that could be provided by science must be applied to ensure the quality of care offered to dying persons together with their families. The NIH partners with various health care organizations, both in the U.S. and globally to ensure development in health research. The International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM), a global health care artifact growth partnership based in Maryland, with the support of NIH, is working with various community associates, non-governmental institutions, clinical research centers, pharmaceutical organizations, and several others to expand the antiretroviral-founded microbicides that are gel in nature and extended acting rings intended to safely provide women defense against HIV/AIDS. Developing on evidence-based performances, NIH, IPM, together with their associates are operating jointly to improve the health of the population, contribute to economic growth, and provide an inexpensive new product aimed at saving lives. Moreover, the NIH support international health research and development that initiates job expansion in the US, enhances a steady international economy and guarantees a safer and healthier world. Cross-partnership among 27 diverse organizations at the NIH and several partners permits for leveraged knowledge and exceptional insights as the NIH operates to advance health globally. Recently, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) worked jointly to study and advance a vaccine for virus called dengue (Georgiev, Karl & McGowan, 2010), presently being examined in clinical attempts that could protect individuals in more than 100 countries, as well as in the U.S. that account dengue yearly. Thus, it is considered that NIH must be financed at a stage proportionate to the great potential and significance of fundamental research. Government-promoted fundamental research is one explanation to the manner through which individuals jointly progress in determining new compounds for tackling patients’ unachieved medical demands. References Georgiev, V., Karl, W., & McGowan, J. (Eds.). (2010). National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH: Frontiers research. New York: Humana Press. Jonas, S., Goldsteen, R., & Goldsteen, K. (Eds.). (2007). An introduction to the U.S. health care system (6th ed.). Chicago: Springer Publishing Company. Kastor, J. (2010). The National Institute of Health: 1991-2008 (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. McDonough, E. (2007). Inside National Health Reform (1st ed.). California: University of California Press. Spiegel, M., & Alving, B. (2005). Executive summary of the strategic plan for National Institutes of health obesity research. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82(1), 2115-2145. Read More