Ecotourism - Buzzword of the New Millennium - Essay Example

Research Essay Overview The topic was prompted by my interest in ecotourism. I plan to investigate its impact on the host destination, how operators have tried to counteract this impact, whether these measures have been successful or do they only claim to sell ‘eco’ tourism and use this as a competitive marketing advantage.  The second reason for choosing this topic was because arguably there is limited amount of literature in this area. Ecotourism is seen as a ‘good’ thing, but is it? The industry is in its infancy in respect to the tourism market, and with holiday resorts becoming environmentally, economically and social-culturally unsustainable, greater future emphasis has thus been placed sustainable, green ‘eco’ tourism. However, the question here becomes, are they really selling ‘eco’ tourism or is the term only a marketing gimmick? It is anticipated that this research paper will utilise the understanding gained in marketing management, and place the developments into a broader commercial and theoretical context Aims and Objectives The title of this research paper is: Ecotourism: Buzzword of the New Millennium? Aim. To critically examine the ecolabeling of projects labelled ecotourism, and to discover if ecotourism needs to be defined and regulated in some way. Objectives. · To provide a historical overview of the development of the ecotourism market. · To identify the true ecotourism product. · To evaluate the marketing practices of niche tour operators, such as Explore and mainstream operators, such as Thompson. (What they are doing?) · To examine the application of marketing theories to the promotion of ecotourism products. (How do they compare to the theory? The 4 P’s etc.) · To provide recommendations for the future that allows ecotourism to be marketed ethically. These objectives will allow conclusions to be drawn as to the whether tour operators market ecotourism responsibly and if ecotourism is an actual product or just a way of gaining competitive advantage Procedure: Objective 1: Review the current literature to see if eco-tourism is defined by any recognized authority and if it is regulated, or if the use of the term is regulated. One example of regulation of a term is the use of the terms: recyclable and made from recycled materials are governed in the USA and Canada by strict definitions plus detailing the percentage of composition which must fit the definition before any company can use the words or internationally recognized logos on their labels or in their advertising. Methiods: 1. Create a literature review and matrix document. Objective 2: Look at various projects and tours which use the term ecotourism and identify what they have in common and what makes them different. Methods: 1. Create a chart from the available information Objective 3: Try to develop a working definition of ecotourism and come up with some way to measure the degree to which any project or tour meets the criteria. Methods: 1. Create a grading chart or checklist from the criteria identified. Objective 4: Try to find one or more models which fit the developed definition well. Methods: 1. Identify and analyze an array of eco-tourist projects or tours and grade them according to the criteria developed. Objective 5: Make some logical conclusions according to the information uncovered. Litereature Review Articles will be scanned for: 1. Location: where do these tour go? 2. Is the project government or private or a mix? What organizatiopns are involved? 3. Is the term eco-touris defined? If yes, what is their definition? 4. Are the criteria for measuring the success or failure of the project to meet the definition (within the article) of eco-tourism carefully explained? What criteria are proposed? Are these defined? 5. Is the article positive or negative? 6. Are there indications of bias? List the biases and indications. Scope of Research This research project will focus on the marketing of the ecotourism product to identify how marketing is used to exploit eco-tourism ideology to tourists in order to sell a product. The paper will provide a historical overview of the eco-tourism market in order to establish how the market has developed up to its current form. Identification of the eco-tourism product will enable an evaluation of marketing practices versus marketing theories and developing a definition of eco-tourism which is measurable. The results of this will enable conclusions to be made as to whether eco-tourism is being market ethically or just used to gain a competitive advantage. This paper will evaluate various eco-tour locations and the governemtns and businesses involved, seeking a model which exemplifies the best definition of ecotourism, using this to develop a grading scale which can be used to evaluate any venture labelled as eco-tourism. Methodology Primary research will not be used as the sources are currently not availableSecondary research will been undertaken from sources journals such as Adventure Travel, Marketing textbooks and selected industry magazines, journals and on line sources. The data sources will provide mainly qualitative information, however, some quantitative data may be utilised within the research. This research will arguably raise some interesting issues around the topic of marketing ethics such as ‘operators selling eco tourism, however not adhering to the ethics of true eco-tourism’ and ‘marketing ethics’. Secondary data Frameworks of ecotourism frameworks Explores ecotourism statement Tourism text books & journals to gain definitions MINTEL and national office of statistics Tourism concern Ecotourism websites Responsible tourism Research papers Analysis Content analysis Comparative analysis Development of a model and a criteria for measuring the adherence to the developed definition od eco-tourism Possible Issues Lack of data/too much data Time management Application of theory Action Plan Meet with tutor to finalise A & O second week in Feb Literature review completed by end of February or second week of March All research done by end of March Analysis, choice of model (if found) and first draft to be typed by middle of May Submitt completed draft for feedback Hand in June Author Year Loacation or Destiation Title Positive Negative Cultural Environmental Private Government Egbert Higinio, Ian Munt J 1993 Belize Report on the Americas, Vol. 26, 1993 x x x x x Jim Motavalli J 1995 West Tropics and the Great Barrier Reef Transforming Travel x X xc x x x Earth Explorer M 1995 global Ecotourism: Pluses and Minuses x X ν x x x Brian E. M. King B 1997 Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Creating Island Resorts x X x x x x McDonald, Dan M 1997 Magazine article: Global Ecotourism: wave of the future x x x x Shiela Polson B 1998 global Touring Light: The Ecotourism Society Sets the Standards x X x x x x Eric Laws, Bill Faulkner, Gianna Moscardo B 1998 global Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism: International Case Studies x X x x x x Mark B. Orams, Greg J. E. Hill J 1998 Australia Controlling the Ecotourist in a Wild Dolphin Feeding Program: is Education the Answer? x X x x x x M2 Presswire J 1999 Great Barrier Reef GBRMPA: Barrier Reef management studied by South Africans. x X x x x x Danielle Knight N 1999 Costa Rica ENVIRONMENT: PROMISES AND PITFALLS OF ECOTOURISM x x x x x Sierra, Vol. 84, March 1999 M 1999 global Is Ecotourism Good for the Planet? x X x x x x Mark Orams B 1999 Great Barrier Reef Marine Tourism: Development, Impacts and Management x x x x x JAMES R. KIMMEL J 1999 global Ecotourism as Environmental Learning x X x x x David A. Fennell B 1999 Global texas Ecotourism: An Introduction x X x x x Artie Jacobson, Giru Dala, Lara Lamb J 1999 Great Barrier Reef Wunggomalli Model[C]: A Consultative Model and Database for Cultural Heritage Management in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park x X x x x Geographical, Vol. 72 M 2000 Australia Watching Whales Once More x X x x x Geographical, Vol. 72, M 2000 US Essential Guide to Ecotourism x X x x x Roger Few J 2001 Belize Containment and Counter-Containment: Planner/community Relations in Conservation Planning x X x x x x Luis A. Vivanco J 2001 Costa Rica Spectacular Quetzals, Ecotourism, and Environmental Futures in Monte Verde, Costa Rica x X x x x x Ralph Lenz M 2001 Indonesia Ecotourism Potential in the Togian Islands, Indonesia x X x x x Raman, Meenakshi M 2001 global Cancel the `Year of Ecotourism x x x x Parks & Recreation J 2001 New Caledonia ECOTOURISM IN NEW CALEDONIA. x x x x x PR Newswire J 2002 Global-Quebec First World Ecotourism Summit Ready to Welcome 1,000 Delegates. x x x x Justin Francis, Richard Skinner J 2002 global Holidays That Wont Harm the Planet: x x x x x x Sierra, Vol. 87 M 2002 Utah New and Selected Trips for 2002-2003 x x x x x x Heslinga, Jane J 2003 Galapagos Regulating ecotourism in Galapagos: a case study of domestic--international partnership x x x x Matthew Brace M 2003 Great Barrier Reef The Race to Stem the Reefs Grief: As One of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, x x x x x OBoyle, Michael M 2003 Mexico Talking about a revolution: ecotourisms utopian plan for peace and harmony in nature still has long way to go. x x x x x Andrew Holden B 2003 Great Barrier Reef Environment and Tourism x x x x x Jordan Baker N 2003 Australia Great Barrier Reef a gold mine, says study x x x x x Robert E. Manning, Wayne A. Freimund J 2004 USA Use of Visual Research Methods to Measure Standards of Quality for Parks and Outdoor Recreation x x x x x The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Ency 2004 Manaus Manaus x x x x x The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Ency 2004 Brazil Brazil x x x x x David B. Weaver B 2004 Magazine article: Global A Trip Too Far: Ecotourism, Politics & Exploitation x x x x x Pardes, Joan J 2004 Alaska The wide wide word of ecotourism: many environmentally conscious visitors want to travel Alaska without leaving a mark on the land. x x x x x Manila Bulletin N 2004 Manila Watched by Dolphins x xc x x Manila Bulletin N 2004 Manila Diary of a Smart Adventurer x x x x x Manila Bulletin N 2004 Manila Mt. Pinatubo Trek; Tourism for a Cause x x x x x Manila Bulletin N 12004 Manila CARAGA in a Nutshell x x x x x Woods, John J. M 2004 USA Gautier sets impressive goals for ecotourism initiative. x x x x Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne J 2005 global Voices for biodiversity management in the 21st century x x x x x x James G. Carrier, Donald V.L. Macleod J 2005 Dominican Republic Bursting the Bubble: The Socio-Cultural Context of Ecotourism x x x x x Jeff Gunderson M 2005 Costa Rica Clouds over a Quaker Forest x x x x x Welsch, Chris N 2005 The Great Barrier Reef LAST BEST PLACES; A TRAVELERS GUIDE; INTO THE BLUE x x x x x x IAN PARRI M 2006 UK Can the wild animals of our past make poverty history for farmers? x x x Pucci, Carol M 2006 China Rural life changes little in Chinas stone town. x x x Frommers and Fodors J 2006 Costa Rica Nicuesa Eco-Adventure Lodge in Costa Rica x x x   Result 1       Score: 95% Global Ecotourism Policies and Case Studies : Perspectives and Constraints BOOK - 214 Pages View   Contributors: Luck, Michael; Kirstges, Torsten Publisher: Channel View Publications Date: 2003 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.E26.G58 2003ebeb ISBN: 1-873150-40-7 Subjects: Ecotourism., Ecotourism -- Case studies.      Result 2       Score: 95% Aspects of Tourism, 7 : Marine Ecotourism: Issues and Experiences BOOK - 280 Pages View   Contributors: Garrod, Brian; Wilson, Julie C. Publisher: Channel View Publications Date: 2003 LC Call Number: G156.5.M36.M37 2003eb ISBN: 1-85315-042-3 Subjects: Marine ecotourism., Ecotourism.      Result 3       Score: 94% Encyclopedia of Ecotourism BOOK - 682 Pages View   Contributor: Weaver, D. B. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2001 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.E26.E53 2001eb ISBN: 0-85199-721-x Subject: Ecotourism.      Result 4       Score: 94% Ecotourism Policy and Planning BOOK - 379 Pages View   Contributors: Fennell, D. A.; Dowling, R. K. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2003 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.E26.E355 2003eb ISBN: 0-85199-762-7 Subject: Ecotourism.      Result 5       Score: 94% Case Studies in Ecotourism BOOK - 282 Pages View   Contributors: Buckley, Ralf; Buckley, R. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2003 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.E26.B83 2003eb ISBN: 0-85199-769-4 Subject: Ecotourism.      Result 6       Score: 94% Ecotourism : An Introduction BOOK - 336 Pages View   Contributor: Fennell, David A. Publisher: Routledge Date: 1999 Dewey: 338.4/791 ISBN: 0-203-45748-X Subject: ECOTOURISM      Result 7       Score: 78% Nature-Based Tourism, Environment and Land Management BOOK - 224 Pages View   Contributors: Buckley, Ralf; Pickering, C.; Weaver, David B. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2004 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.E26.F48 2001eb ISBN: 0-85199-974-3 Subjects: Ecotourism -- Congresses., Ecotourism -- Australia -- Congresses., Land use -- Congresses., Land use -- Australia -- Congresses.      Result 8       Score: 78% Nature Tourism, Conservation, and Development in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa BOOK - 499 Pages View   Contributors: Aylward, Bruce A.; Lutz, Ernst; World Bank Staff Publisher: World Bank Publications Date: 2003 Dewey: 338.4/791684046 LC Call Number: G155.S57.N38 2003eb ISBN: 0-8213-5350-0 Subjects: Ecotourism -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal., Ecotourism -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal., Nature conservation -- South Africa -- KwaZulu-Natal.      Result 9       Score: 77% Timber, Tourists and Temples: Conservation and Development in the Maya Forest of Belize, Guatemala and Mexico BOOK - 446 Pages View   Contributors: Primack, Richard B.; Bray, David Publisher: Island Press Date: 1997 Dewey: 333.75/0972 LC Call Number: SD414.M47.T55 1998eb ISBN: 1-55963-541-X Subjects: Forest conservation -- Maya Forest., Forest policy -- Maya Forest., Non-timber forest resources -- Maya Forest., Ecotourism -- Maya Forest., Maya Forest.      Result 10       Score: 77% Rethinking Tourism and Ecotravel BOOK - 239 Pages View   Contributor: McLaren, Deborah Publisher: Kumarian Press, Incorporated Date: 2003 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.E26.M46 2003eb ISBN: 1-56549-169-6 Subject: Ecotourism.      Result 11       Score: 77% Tourism Ecolabelling : Certification and Promotion of Sustainable Management BOOK - 381 Pages View   Contributors: Font, Xavier; Buckley, Ralf C. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2001 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G155.A1.T5917 2001eb ISBN: 0-85199-768-6 Subjects: Ecotourism -- Certification., Eco-labeling.      Result 12       Score: 77% Planning Natural Resource-Based Tourism Programs BOOK - 287 Pages View   Contributor: Fennell, D. A. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2002 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.E26.F466 2002eb ISBN: 0-85199-758-9 Subjects: Ecotourism., Heritage tourism.      Result 13       Score: 74% Tourism and Sustainable Community Development BOOK - 333 Pages View   Contributors: Richards, Greg; Hall, Derek R. Publisher: Routledge Date: 2000 Dewey: 338.4/7/91 ISBN: 0-203-46491-5 Subjects: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, ECOTOURISM      Result 14       Score: 74% Managing Environments for Leisure and Recreation BOOK - 378 Pages View   Contributor: Broadhurst, Richard Publisher: Routledge Date: 2001 Dewey: 333.78 ISBN: 0-203-45730-7 Subjects: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ECOTOURISM      Result 15       Score: 40% Environment & Tourism BOOK - 245 Pages View   Contributor: Holden, Andrew Publisher: Routledge Date: 2000 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G155.A1.H64 2000eb ISBN: 0-203-99193-1 Subjects: Tourism -- Environmental aspects., Tourism -- Economic aspects., Tourism -- Social aspects.      Result 16       Score: 40% Tourism Research Methods : Integrating Theory with Practice BOOK - 242 Pages View   Contributors: Ritchie, Brent W.; Burns, Peter; Palmer, Catherine Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2005 Dewey: 910/.72 LC Call Number: G155.A1.T59246 2004eb ISBN: 0-85199-996-4 Subjects: Tourism -- Research., Tourism.      Result 17       Score: 40% Contesting the Foreshore : Tourism, Society, and Politics on the Coast BOOK - 321 Pages View   Contributors: Boissevain, Jeremy; Selwyn, Tom Publisher: Amsterdam University Press Date: 2004 LC Call Number: G154.9.C678 2004eb ISBN: 9-05-356694-5 Subjects: Tourism -- Congresses., Sustainable development -- Congresses., Coastal zone management -- Congresses., Culture and tourism -- Congresses.      Result 18       Score: 40% New Horizons in Tourism : Strange Experiences and Stranger Practices BOOK - 237 Pages View   Contributor: Singh, Tejvir Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2005 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G155.A1.N429 2004eb ISBN: 0-85199-052-5 Subjects: Tourism., Adventure and adventurers., Heritage tourism.      Result 19       Score: 40% Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure BOOK - 349 Pages View   Contributors: Crouch, G. I.; Perdue, R. R.; Timmermans, H. J. P. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2004 Dewey: 338.4/791/0019 LC Call Number: G155.A1.C65 v.3 2004eb ISBN: 0-85199-865-8 Subjects: Tourism -- Psychological aspects -- Congresses., Travelers -- Psychology -- Congresses., Hospitality industry -- Congresses., Consumer behavior -- Congresses.      Result 20       Score: 40% Tourism and the Less Developed World : Issues and Case Studies BOOK - 284 Pages View   Contributor: Harrison, D. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2002 Dewey: 338.4/791/091724 LC Call Number: G155.D44.T687 2001eb ISBN: 0-85199-704-x Subject: Tourism -- Developing countries.      Result 21       Score: 40% Tourism and Host Communities BOOK - 294 Pages View   Contributors: Singh, S.; Timothy, D. J.; Dowling, R. K. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2003 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G155.A1.T59212 2003eb ISBN: 0-85199-760-0 Subjects: Tourism., Tourism -- Social aspects.      Result 22       Score: 40% Rural Tourism and Recreation : Principles and Practice BOOK - 251 Pages View   Contributors: Roberts, Lesley; Hall, Derek; Roberts, L. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2001 Dewey: 338.4/79140456 LC Call Number: G155.E8.R87 2001eb ISBN: 0-85199-766-x Subjects: Tourism -- Europe., Rural development -- Europe.      Result 23       Score: 40% Volunteer Tourism : Experiences That Make a Difference BOOK - 217 Pages View   Contributors: Wearing, Stephen; Wearing, S. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2002 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.V64.W43 2001eb ISBN: 0-85199-765-1 Subject: Volunteer tourism.      Result 24       Score: 40% Tourism in National Parks and Protected Areas : Planning and Management BOOK - 332 Pages View   Contributors: Eagles, Paul F. J.; McCool, Stephen F. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2003 Dewey: 333.78/3 LC Call Number: SB486.P83.E24 2002eb ISBN: 0-85199-759-7 Subjects: National parks and reserves -- Public use., Protected areas -- Public use., National parks and reserves -- Management., Protected areas -- Management., Tourism -- Management.      Result 25       Score: 40% Aspects of Tourism, 10 : Managing Educational Tourism BOOK - 301 Pages View   Contributor: Ritchie, Brent W. Publisher: Channel View Publications Date: 2003 LC Call Number: LC6681.R58 2003eb ISBN: 1-85315-051-2 Subjects: Students -- Travel., Foreign study., Tourism.      Result 26       Score: 40% Aspects of Tourism, 4 : Natural Area Tourism : Ecology, Impacts and Management BOOK - 352 Pages View   Contributors: Newsome, David; Moore, Susan A.; Dowling, Ross K. Publisher: Channel View Publications Date: 2002 LC Call Number: G155.A1.N43 2002eb ISBN: 1-85315-025-3 Subjects: Tourism., Tourism -- Environmental aspects., Natural areas.      Result 27       Score: 40% Aspects of Tourism, 5 : Tourism and Development : Concepts and Issues BOOK - 404 Pages View   Contributors: Sharpley, Richard; Telfer, David J. Publisher: Channel View Publications Date: 2002 Dewey: 338.4/79104 LC Call Number: G155.A1.T589342 2002eb ISBN: 1-873150-35-0 Subjects: Tourism -- Economic aspects., Economic development.      Result 28       Score: 40% Adventure Guide to Ecuador and the Galápagos Islands BOOK - 480 Pages View   Contributor: Krahenbuhl, Peter Davis Publisher: Hunter Publishing, Incorporated Date: 2003 LC Call Number: F3509.5.K73 2003eb ISBN: 1-58843-386-2 Subjects: Travel -- Guidebooks., Ecuador -- Guidebooks., Galapagos Islands -- Guidebooks.      Result 29       Score: 39% How Educational Ideologies Are Shaping Global Society : Intergovernmental Organizations, NGOs, and the Decline of the Nation-State BOOK - 226 Pages View   Contributor: Spring, Joel H. Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Incorporated Date: 2004 Dewey: 370.116 ISBN: 0-8058-4915-7 Subjects: EDUCATION AND STATE, INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION      Result 30       Score: 39% Asia-Pacific Forestry Towards 2010 : Report of the Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study BOOK - 247 Pages View   Contributor: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Staff Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Date: 1999 Subjects: TECHNOLOGY -- Agriculture -- Forestry, HISTORY -- Asia -- General      Result 5       Score: 36% Great Barrier Reef : History, Science, Heritage BOOK - 490 Pages View   Contributors: Bowen, James; Bowen, Margarita Publisher: Cambridge University Press Date: 2003 Dewey: 578.7789476 LC Call Number: QH197.B69 2002eb ISBN: 0-521-82430-3 Subjects: Natural history -- Australia -- Great Barrier Reef (Qld.), Coral reef conservation -- Australia -- Great Barrier Reef (Qld.), Great Barrier Reef (Qld.) -- History.      Result 10       Score: 28% Creating Island Resorts BOOK - 297 Pages View   Contributor: King, Brian Publisher: Routledge Date: 1997 Dewey: 338.4/791 ISBN: 0-203-19503-5 Subjects: RESORTS, TOURISM     Result 12       Score: 26% Contesting the Foreshore : Tourism, Society, and Politics on the Coast BOOK - 321 Pages View   Contributors: Boissevain, Jeremy; Selwyn, Tom Publisher: Amsterdam University Press Date: 2004 LC Call Number: G154.9.C678 2004eb ISBN: 9-05-356694-5 Subjects: Tourism -- Congresses., Sustainable development -- Congresses., Coastal zone management -- Congresses., Culture and tourism -- Congresses.      Result 13       Score: 26% Timber, Tourists and Temples: Conservation and Development in the Maya Forest of Belize, Guatemala and Mexico BOOK - 446 Pages View   Contributors: Primack, Richard B.; Bray, David Publisher: Island Press Date: 1997 Dewey: 333.75/0972 LC Call Number: SD414.M47.T55 1998eb ISBN: 1-55963-541-X Subjects: Forest conservation -- Maya Forest., Forest policy -- Maya Forest., Non-timber forest resources -- Maya Forest., Ecotourism -- Maya Forest., Maya Forest.      Result 14       Score: 24% Natures Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems BOOK - 412 Pages View   Contributor: Daily, Gretchen C. Publisher: Island Press Date: 1997 Dewey: 304.2 LC Call Number: GF75.N37 1997eb ISBN: 1-55963-475-8 Subjects: Nature -- Effect of human beings on., Human ecology -- Economic aspects., Biotic communities -- Economic aspects., Ecosystem management.      Result 15       Score: 22% Marine Tourism : Development, Impacts and Management BOOK - 132 Pages View   Contributor: Orams, Mark Publisher: Routledge Date: 1998 Dewey: 333.78 ISBN: 0-203-19711-9 Subjects: TOURISM, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT      Result 16       Score: 22% Reefscape : Reflections on the Great Barrier Reef BOOK - 272 Pages View   Contributor: Love, Rosaleen Publisher: Joseph Henry Press Date: 2001 Dewey: 508.943 LC Call Number: QH197.L68 2001eb ISBN: 0-309-07260-3 Subjects: Natural history -- Australia -- Great Barrier Reef (Qld.), Great Barrier Reef (Qld.) -- History., Great Barrier Reef (Qld.) -- Description and travel.      Result 17       Score: 21% HyperReality : Paradigm for the Third Millennium BOOK - 181 Pages View   Contributors: Tiffin, John; Terashima, Nobuyoshi Publisher: Routledge Date: 2001 Dewey: 306.4/6 LC Call Number: BD331.H97 2001eb ISBN: 0-203-99663-1 Subjects: Reality., Virtual reality., Computers -- Social aspects.      Result 18       Score: 20% Planning Natural Resource-Based Tourism Programs BOOK - 287 Pages View   Contributor: Fennell, D. A. Publisher: CABI Publishing Date: 2002 Dewey: 338.4/791 LC Call Number: G156.5.E26.F466 2002eb ISBN: 0-85199-758-9 Subjects: Ecotourism., Heritage tourism.      Result 19       Score: 11% Void, the Grid & the Sign : Traversing the Great Basin BOOK - 215 Pages View   Contributor: Fox, William L. Publisher: University of Utah Press Date: 2000 Dewey: 979 LC Call Number: F789.F69 2000eb ISBN: 0-87480-649-6 Subjects: Fox, William L., -- 1949- -- Travel -- Great Basin., Human geography -- Great Basin., Natural history -- Great Basin., Cartography -- Great Basin -- History., Great Basin -- Description and travel., Great Basin -- Geography., Great Basin -- Discovery and exploration.      Result 20       Score: 11% Restoration of the Great Lakes BOOK - 160 Pages View   Contributor: Sproule-Jones, Mark Publisher: UBC Press Date: 2003 LC Call Number: TD223.3.S67 2002eb ISBN: 0-7748-5016-7 Subjects: Environmental protection -- Great Lakes (North America), Water -- Pollution -- Great Lakes (North America), Conservation of natural resources -- Government policy -- Great Lakes (North America), Lake renewal -- Great Lakes (North America), Great Lakes (North America) -- Environmental conditions. After reviewing the literature available, it appears that there are three areas which warrant more study to see if they represent a model: Costa Rica, Australia and South Africa. The books avaiolable have yet to be examined, due to time constraints. However, after selecting a model, I expect to compare it to good marketing practices, to see if t=good ethics and good business practices can go hand in hand. One article stood out among the rest, about how much money the Great Barrier Reef was worth in tourist and support dollars. Perhaps this is the key: finding a way to make the ecosystem and indiginous populations valuable. In any case, it warrants more study. Ater choosing a model I shall explor all available literature about this model and then do my comparison. Read More