The Promotion of Diversity in Mental Healthcare - Essay Example

The promotion of diversity in mental healthcare Mental health represents a continuum, and it is generally viewed as a positive attribute, as emotional well-being, full creative life and the flexibility to deal with life's inevitable changes. Many therapeutic systems and self-help books offers methods and philosophies espousing strategies and techniques vaunted as effective for further improving the mental wellness. Besides that, mental disorders, its spread ubiquitous, well known in medical practice are usually accursed either as a primary disorder or as a comorbid condition. Global inconvenience of disease statistic indicates that 4 out of the 10 most important causes of disease worldwide are psychiatric in origin which eminent the importance of mental health. The prevalence of mental or substance use disorder in the United States is proximately 30% and only one-third of these individuals are currently receiving treatment establishing these we can see how fundamental is developing of mental health. According to WHO it is reported that some 450 million people worldwide are affected by mental health problems; neurologic or behavior problems that arise in any moment and 873,000 people die by suicide every year, which is enormous number. One in four patients visiting a health services has at least a mental, neurological, or behavior disorder, but frequently are neither diagnosed nor treated. Most low and middle income countries devote less than one precent of their already -paltry health expenditure to mental health, so little attention is dedicated to mental health and its developing in these countries. Because we all have mental health needs and we can all benefit from metal health promotion, which works to strength our capacity for positive mental health, wherever we have mental problem established. Also mental health promotion can help reduce factors that are damaging mental health such as social support, anti-poverty strategies or by tackling racism. Companionship, meaningful occupation, and opportunities to participate and contribute do protect mental health. Mental health promotion is essentially concerned with: how individuals, families, organizations and communities think and feel, then the factors which influence how we think and feel, individually and collectively and the impact that this has on overall health and well being. Mental health promotion can take place with individuals, communities or at policy or structural level and is relevant to the whole population as well as vulnerable groups and people at risk of or currently experiencing mental health problems. Many people turn to religion when are in emotional crises and there is some evidence that religious involvement protects mental well being and may help people with mental health problems. Faith communities can provide a spiritual resource and a place of belonging which help to counter the impact of prejudice, inequalities, loneliness or isolation. For example, the worshipping, witnessing and caring life of the church contributes something to good mental health since it brings people in touch with Jesus the great healer. In many ways I consider, faith communities are ideally placed to promote the mental health of all their members. The promotion of mental health is situated within the largest field of health promotion and sits alongside the prevention of mental disorder and the treatment and rehabilitation of people with mental illness and disabilities. Mental health promotion involves actions that support people to adopt and maintain healthy lifestyle and which create supportive living conditions or environmental for health, whose goal is preventing metal illness or mental disorder. Important segment are public health policy, including strategies for continued growth and practice implantation and not estimating the international cooperation and alliances for achieving effectiveness of intervention. Mental health and illness are determined by multiple factors and interaction by social, psychological and biological factors, such as association between poverty and mental disorder, which appears to be universal, occurring in all societies irrespective of their level of development. Health promotion has been defined as an action and advocacy to address the full range of potentially modifiable determinants of health (WHO, 1998). The five action strategies who present the basic of promotion are: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills, and reorient health services. Common feature is based on cooperation and intermittent cycles of program planning, implementation and evaluation. Social capital refers to feature of social organization such as network, norms and social trust for mutual benefits. These social facilities promote social and economic growth and development, and so the relationship with promoting metal health is to enhance the social capital and improving risk factors. Creating supportive environment and implementing public policy is an intervention from macro level, which could establish promotion, such as improving nutrition, housing, and access to education, strength community network, reducing misuse of addictive substance, intervening after disasters and preventing violence. Observing from micro levels, the following steps as essential: pre-school education and psychological intervention, reducing violence and improving emotional well-being in the school setting, effective school-based intervention for mental health etc. For the adult population, risk factors are unemployment, stress, environment, which are enhanced through different programs. To develop a successful mental health police we should first established essential steps for perceiving good mental health care through good mental health plan. First step is to gather information and data for policy developing. These include information about mental health need of the population and mental system and services offered. I am concerned that the main problem of community is lack of cooperation between churches or religion and healing the people with mental disorder. I think these are essential for better health care of the people with mental disorder according to researches and I think there is no efficient attention devoted. The need of population could be set up from prevalence or incidence studies, determine what community problem as mention it before and an understanding of help seeking behavior, also priorities must be considered. In addition, the current system for delivering mental health must be well understood and documented, knowing who delivers mental health, to whom and with which resources is an important starting point for developing effective mental health policy. Needs could be determined by these metods: from research such as epidemiological study and rapid appraisal as secondary analysis's of data system, brief interviews with key information and discussion groups. We will take the need of providing religion try churches as important segment of need of people with mental health for providing better health care system. The second step is to gather evidence for effective strategies, try visiting local services and reviewing the national and interactional literary for example evidence from a country. Step 3 is consultation and negotiation; the process of formulating and implementation is mainly political and could be established try stakeholders. Next is the exchange with other courtiers it could be established thought international experts. Step five is set out the vision, usually sets high expectation for mental health as constructing churches, values and principles , different courtiers have their own values, as different religion, and objectives, improving the health, responding to people expectation as respect, providing financial protection agents the cost of ill-health. Step 6 is to determine areas for action, translate the objectives into areas for action. For effectiveness of the policy it is considered that simultaneous development of several areas as financing, legislating the human rights, organization of services, resources, training, promotion, preventing, advocacy etc. Step 7 is identifing the major roles and responsibilities of different sectors, the main sector require to take on specific roles and responsibilities as government agencies, academic institution, profession association provider, consumer ,workers, organizations and traditional health workers. Developing a mental health plan could be established try four steps the first one is determine the strategies and timeframes. Strategies are determinate from different areas mention in step 6, and they must be co-ordinate to ensure the plans are coherent and created to meet the priority objectives. It should be taken into consideration the strength and weaknesses of established mental health system and the opportunities for and threats to development of mental health policy and plans in the country. A time frame should be defined, this means stating in what year each strategy will began and how long will it function. Our time frame will keep continuously and indefinitely which is the best alternation, other could not succeed because of financial require. In our situation one infestation last permanently, with in some cases permanent consequence of eradiating the metal heal problem. Step 2 is set of indicators and targets. The strategies developed must be broken down into specific targets and indicators drawn up to later assess whether the plan has been effective or not. The targets must be clear and explicit and state precisely what must be achieved within given timeframes. The targets must be measurable and indicators identified with respect to how the success of each target will be assessed. Step 3 is to determine the major activities, and detailed activities must be work out with strategy will be realized. Essential are different specify what activities will be taking place who are the responsible, when it will take place and which activities will be established. We take the activities of going in church every Friday and these is established to each group mental health people and there we do prayer. It is also necessary to specify what the expected outputs of each activity are as well as the potential obstacles and delays which could inhibit the realization of the activity. The step four is determination the cost, available resources and budget accordingly, which is the critical factor for implementation and so only prioritized strategies could be established. A mental health plan needs to: calculate the cost, define the source of financing, adjust the time frames of strategies in accordance with resource available, replane the time frame and resources annually after monitoring and evaluation of the implementation. Also, it could be established to have a mental health program that would focus on specific goals which implements a smaller division or for a short period than a strategic plan. The plan builds on the process established for policy: the population's needs information of the current services, evidence, exchanges with other countries, consultation and negotiation. There should be priority-setting of strategies for each area for action, on the basis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with existing services .Time frames are set out for each priority strategy, giving the date of onset and duration. The major activities needed to achieve the strategies set out together with details of how, when and by whom the process will be managed. Targets and indicators are set which give clear direction to the plan and allow each strategy to be monitored and evaluated. The costs and the resources available for each strategy are calculated and the plans based on this. Human resources, physical capital and consumables are defined for the implementation of the strategies. Beginning from the point that to be full human include spiritual dimension of life I consider as essential spiritual life to providing good mental health as important component of it. Spiritual makes an establish contribution to quality of life for many people all over the world , acknowledged by WHO study over 4000 people at 18 sites worldwide. Significant contribution to quality of life and try psychological and social connection are been manifested by meaning of life, faith and connection to spiritual dimension. These is specially prominent in situation when the end of life is clearly in sight and so in HIV and AIDS spiritual can promote mental health. According to different researches it is established that people who have a spiritual dimension in their lives and in touch with it have better mental health and a better recovery of others who doesn't. Many fait communities already welcome, involve and provide support to people with mental health problem accepting the important role of spiritual dimension to life, as letting them to be part of church or wider community. These people find valuable support with their congregation, lots of them finding prayer, worship, religion belief and belonging to a fait community to be helpful and affirming. Wherever, some people have negative experiences of church, as emphasis of gilt, usually identifying sin as a cause of illness, these contribute to barriers and inclusion. Also liturgies, word and reading can provoke feelings of inadequacy or being unacceptable. Other people experiences make them keep their distance and their behavior is not suitable manner. Lack of accurate information ant uncertainty about how best to help can hamper the initiative roll of faith communities of promoting metal health. As providing mental health I consider pleasing spiritual needs as essential and these could be established try program developed on different groups. Being involved of event about mental health offers valuable opportunities to develop the skills, experience and self -esteem of service users, who are people with mental health problem these is essential for the program. They together with their family, friend and careers each were telling a different story skimp different perspective. They are heterogenic group with similar experiences, who share experience of managing their own mental health. Safe environmental, such as churches, could influence and provide powerful experiences; overwhelmingly people find this as effective way of increasing their understanding of mental health .Spirituality can exist independently of religion practice or affiliation ,but in most people their spirituality is nested in a religion context. Religious doctrines may accessible positive perspectives of humanity, engendering attitudes and emotional states that are perceiving better physical and mental health outcome. Self -estimation is established thought belief in the intrinsic value and uniqueness of each one. Religion faith could shape interpersonal behavior and attitude try variety of positive and pro-social goals such as love, compassion, harmony and tolerance thought reducing noxious and stressful interpersonal interactions. Hope and hopelessness are important determinants of mental health; as well known the key of depression is hopelessness. A number of clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that spirituality can under some circumstances help prevent depression. Spirituality also prevent killing by giving them hope to life and improves experiences of deep peace even in the midst of distress providing powerful resources. Also a large number shouted that there is important role of spirituality/religiousness in preventing alcohol problems. One of the studies showed that in inner-city African-American adolescents, those who had a sense that they were "working cooperatively with God" had fewer alcohol problems than those who did not have such a belief or experience. According to other a study of 237 recovering substance abusers that higher levels of religious faith and spirituality predicted a more optimistic life orientation, greater perceived social support, higher resilience to stress and lower levels of anxiety. It is also showed that drinking and smokings as well as lifetime risk for alcoholism and nicotine dependence were inversely associated with personal devoting. Religiousness and spirituality improve health by encouraging healthy behavior and practice that can often improve physical health and over all well-being including mental health. And so maintaining mental health also has a positive effect on the development of a healthy spiritual life. It is more difficult to see the positive hopeful view, have faith or face the moral challenges and demands for ethical behaviors presented by the spiritual life if the mind is clouded by mental health problems. Religion can also contribute negative features to a person's spirituality, such as gilt and inappropriate revenge motivate behavior, beside that in general contribution of religion to spirituality as dominant effect is positive. The spiritual approach tends to view the functional aspect as just one part of life, with issues such as root motivations and attitudes such as appreciation, awe and compassion being ultimately more important (Underwood-Gordon, 1999, p. 60).The main conclusion is that spirituality can make a significant contribution to mental health promotion, and mental health positively influences our spiritual life. Holistic care is defined as care that recognizes people with mental health problems as whole persons with interrelated psychological, social, physical and spiritual need. Engaging the holistic care requires the promotion of spiritual dimension of health and counsel is in assessing and responding to the needs of service users. Researches among mental health services has prominent estimate the impotency of spiritual care and counsel are in assessing and responding to the need of service users. Because psychiatrists did not pay attention to spiritual needs "the vast majority of psychiatrists will feel neither comfortable nor competent to address religious issues in depth" (Koenig and Larson 2001). The need of spiritual need was emphasized, wherever some scientists understands how psychiatry's increasing scientific base may exacerbate the distrust of religious people. Then the clinic open their arms to perceive needs of spiritual guide as using hop and will as essential keys of heeling mental health disorder and providing better health care system. New guidelines, however, were introduced by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (AGME). Training must include an understanding of religious/spiritual factors as well as cultural diversity, including religious/spiritual diversity, including religion/spiritually diversity. In American medical school has been examined correlation between spirituality and health trough National Institute for Healthcare Research (NIHR).Also Psychiatric Residency Review Committee has issued a mandate requiring the inclusion in the training curriculum of a course on religious and spiritual factors in health. A study specifically involving The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) (Merrill and Salazar 2002) demonstrates the generic relationship between mental health and religion. Members of this Church, commonly called Mormons, live by a strict code governing health, education, and life in general. The study examined the mental health of interviewees throughout the state of Utah and compared results for active Mormons and less active Mormons, with active and non-active members of non-LDS religions, and with people of no religion. The authors found that the chance of experiencing mental illness was greater for the less active members of LDS and non-LDS religions and indeed for those of no religion at all. For those associated with religion, church activity was inversely related to seeking help for emotional problems. However, from this literature review so far, it may be deduced that 'experiencing mental illness' and 'seeking help for emotional problems' are not necessarily synonymous. The review has indicated already that those with an active religion, though suffering mental illness, may cope better than the irreligious person. So different organizations and researches were pawn for providing better care thought accentuate the correlation between spirituality and metal health which is essential because better health system could be provide. And so we can establish also an approach in which spirituality and quality of mental health issues are correlated, and these is relevant for the promotion of diversity in mental healthcare. So placebo effects can be associated with prayer and interventions having spiritual components without knowing the causal components or mechanisms for these effects. If a therapy and therapeutic process are harmonic with the patient's value and religious system, there are likely to be enhanced treatment outcomes, even if these effects can be understood as placebo effects. However, if there is efficacy there must be a risk known as nocebo effects, results that worsen mental or physical health and intensify suffering negative placebo outcome. These negative outcome aren't essential because they does appear rarely, so we can neglected theme athwart the more outcome by nocebo effect. References: 1. Koenig H, McCullough M, Larson D (2001). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 2. Merrill R.M. and Salazar R.D. (2002). Relationship between church attendance and mental health among Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah. Mental Health, Religion and Culture 5,1, 17-33 3. Underwood-Gordon LG (1999). A working model of health: spirituality and religiousness as resources: applications to people with disability. Journal of Religion, Disability and Health, 3(3):51-77. 4. WHO (2001). Strengthening mental health promotion. Fact Sheet No. 220. Available at: http://www.who.int/inffs/ en/fact220.html. Accessed 4 December 2008. Read More