Red Lotus Model - Essay Example

? A Critical Commentary Introduction 2. Background 3. Assessment 3 Understanding of Health 3.2. The concept of Health 3.3. Determinants of Health 3.4. Health Inequalities 4. Evaluation 4.1. Key Concepts in Public Health 4.2. Underlying Principles in Public Health 5. Health Promotion 5.1. National Level 5.2. Global Level 6. Appraisal 6.1. The Value Base 6.2. Ethics 7. Analysis 8. The Models Approaches Methods 9. Disciplinary Foundation of Public Health Promotion 10. Conclusion 1. Introduction This project is a health promotion using the Red lotus model proposed and developed by O’Hara and Gregg. It is a model for holistic and evidence based practices in promoting health services in public health organizations. In this research, the authors describe it as a principles system whose values are aligned to the modern health services and the need for assessment. It focuses on various approaches of putting principles of health promotion into constructive actions and the empowerment of health practitioners into active participation (New South Wales Health, 1994). The model for health promotion is essential in the public health as seen in its system of principle and value focus. The Red Lotus is determined to apply a structured intelligent model for management of the modern health promotion through assessment and evaluation of the contemporary and typical health promotion environment globally. In its assessment, the Promotion Model has an inherent capacity to ascertain the necessity of assessment and paradigm shift in the various plans for implementation. It uses the approach of grounded theory to analyze and interpret the results of its assessment (Kickbusch, 1997). The challenge with Red Lotus Model of health promotion is the fact that changes and uncertainties affect the application of the values and the principles from one phase of implementation to another. Even so, it has a systematic approach of application in which it refers to evidences from the past and existing models. In this regard, the themes of Red Lotus Model are connected to those of other systems. Thompson (2003) presents the indicator of success for this model as its impacts on the society, which reflects in qualitative attributes such as positive moods and good health. Lotus Model is an assurance of sustainability of health promotion procedures. 2. Background The Red Lotus model is a distinct and holistic practice for the promotion of health. It is different from other ordinary models considering that it includes a special system of principles and values, which are applicable in all stages of health promotion. It determines the paradigms for health apart from the assessment of needs for health promotion. The other fundamental phases of health promotion are planning and execution of the health promotion evaluation. According to Vaughan (1997), Red Lotus model of Health Promotion activates the potential of health experts in proactive participation in a well-integrated principle and value-based system in all the stages of promoting health. The Lotus Health Promotion Model has four fundamental stages (Phases) of development, which are all supported by principles and values: Assessment of Health Promotion needs Planning of the Promotion Program Implementation of the model Evaluation of the model It has its origin from the Red lotus plant, which has three fundamental symbols of the model. The Stem of the Red Lotus Plant represents the principles. The roots represent values that people (general members of the society) receive from the model. Leaves of the plant are symbols of sustainability of the Red Lotus Model as a modern Health promotion model. The petal layers of the plant represent the processes involved in the use of Red Lotus Model in promoting evidence-based Public Health practices. The processes include assessment of the needs, planning, Health environmental factors (determinants), Implementation, analysis and evaluation. The pod of the plant represent the society whose health conditions are promoted by the Red Lotus Model. 3. Assessment The Red Lotus Model of Health Promotion, one of the phases of implementation in the assessment needs. In this, the model assesses the need for good health based on the contemporary factors in the ecosystem (Scriven and Garman, 2005). It therefore uses a framework with activities for assessment and then designs a feedback mechanism for the activities. The activity framework contains questions such as the categories of needs that are exhibited in the target populations (Crotty, 1998). The needs can be comparative, expressive, perceived or normative. The other question is about the relevance of the need analysis in the planning of health services both in the local and in the global domain. At this stage, the model assesses the contribution of the need assessment against the resources required to accomplish the assessment itself (Marmot and Wilkinson, 2006). It also considers the capacity and the qualities of feedback that are required for large population groups (Gray, 2001). The findings of the need analysis are the guiding principles of the rest of the phases of implementation of the model. The final question is about the application of the need analysis in daily human activities. 3.1. Understanding of Health Red Lotus Model promotes the understanding of health in various dimensions. It uses the need assessment and analysis to facilitate better understanding of the needs. Needs analysis communicates the health conditions and the community’s well-being (Bayer et al., 2006). It gives the picture of inequities that exist in the health and the availability of health services to the community (Seedhouse, 2001). It thus gives priority to factors that promote health and well-being, while documenting the recommendations for necessary changes (Sarantakos, 1998). The disciplines of evidence based healthcare practices largely emphasizes on the needs assessment results and its analysis. It is a comprehensive and integrated activity in the basic health care initiatives. The Red Lotus Model in the understanding of health promotes the community participation and development of modern healthcare facilities. Medical health experts regard Red Lotus in a very high value. It has a special characteristic that makes it a preference for medicinal value. The special properties of Red Lotus Model include: 3.1.1. Salutogenic The Red Lotus Model is salutogenic in the sense that it focuses on the sustainability of the future (Warwick-Booth, Cross and Lowcock, 2012). It emphasizes on the factors that support health in the process of assessing the needs. Other ordinary models focus on the behavior that promotes the risk of diseases and infections. Mostly, these models give much concentration on the specifics involving infections and other disease related aspects, and explore these specifics deeply in their presentation. These models are equally important because they help in explaining and understanding various critical aspects which are closely related to health and medicine in general. 3.1.2. Holistic The model is holistic in its consideration of diseases. It defines diseases not only as physical ailments but also as spiritual, mental, social and emotional disorder. In this understanding, it differs from the biomedical health concept, in which health is the absence of physical ailments. 3.1.3. Ecological The Red Lotus Model is ecological considering that Human beings are social beings that have to exist with others in the society and the entire environment around them. Health and well-being in the ecosystem is determined by the multiple interactions among the members of the community and the environments. 3.2. The concept of Health The Red Lotus Health Promotion model is a holistic way of understanding and acting upon the healthcare activities (Raeburn and Rootman 1998). The stem is the representation of the principles of healthcare services. It controls all the conceptual dimensions of health towards the realization of the values. The Red Lotus model of practice in promotion of public health categorizes the aspect of health in various dimensions as follows: Spiritual Health (Godliness) Physical Health (Bodily or biological) Emotional health (The feelings) Mental Health (The mind) Social health 3.2.1. Spiritual Health The Red Lotus model demonstrates the concept of health using the analogies of the red lotus plant whose flower is an epitome of purity. It symbolizes spiritual purity originating from mud (Rice & Ezzy, 1999). This in some communities around the globe has been of significance because it represents the possibility of raising healthy conscious amidst the community chaos (Adams et al., 2004). The Model of Red Lotus for Promoting health practices is therefore a symbol of possibility of a sustainable healthcare in the community. Its flowers have a lot to do with the spiritual health. 3.2.2. Physical Health Physical health is the most understood category of health, as the absence of diseases, and the ability of the body to function normally. The model has recommendations of various intervention strategies for this health including therapies and medications. 3.2.3. Emotional Health Emotional health is the well-being of the personal feelings, behavior and attitude. The responses of the red lotus plant to its environmental components symbolize the behavioral attributes of emotional beings (Tones and Tilford, 2001). The Red Lotus Model uses a set of interventions in this concept including psychotherapy counseling. 3.2.4. Mental Health Mental Health is the well-being of the mind and the ability to reason logically. The assessment of health needs of the population determines the extent to which the mental capacity is affected in case of mental disorder. The outcome of assessment determines the mode of intervention and treatment to be applied. 3.2.5. Social health Social health is the ability of a person to be accepted in the society. The Red Lotus Model uses the analogy of the flower petals to symbolize people (members of the society) coexisting as a single unit (Gregg & O’Hara, 2007). When the petals dry out and fall, they cease to become part of the petal collections. In this concept, the members of the community with unacceptable and unethical behaviors are rejected from the society. 3.3. Determinants of Health The red Lotus Model has a set of parameters used in the assessment of needs. These are relevant to the process of planning for health services. These parameters include: Accessibility of accurate relevant heal care information Availability of basic resources for healthcare practices Accuracy in the identification of actual need Strategic planning for intervention Availability of skilled professionals in the public healthcare practices. Results of the processes of need analysis in the organizations Details of need analysis In the implementation of the Red Lotus model, the need assessment among the members of the community members and the beneficiaries reveals the health determining factors. The assessment seeks more information from professional healthcare experts for specific issues to do with and the contemporary problems under assessment. The model emphasizes on the competence and quality of the needs analysis and assessment. The model determines the order of priorities of the actions to be conducted in the implementation of the healthcare promotion (Shipard, 2003). The actions are prioritized based on the evidence from the available data in the local and global domain. This means that the need assessment is of a global scope rather than other behavioral models that limit their assessments to the local scope. Greg and O’Hara (2007) use the model to identify the ecological, emotional and social risks, which contribute to specific health challenges. The validity of these determinants is strengthened by the competence of the needs (Moore, 2001). The assessment, according to Baum (2002), reflects the effectiveness of the model by identification of the processes, which are of use in the prioritization of activities in the healthcare promotion. The health determining factors by WHO (1986) suggest activities that are in line with the analysis of health information. 3.4. Health Inequalities In the enactment of value system and principle, the needs assessment reveals certain factors that expose healthcare services to challenges. These factors include: 3.4.1. Ecological system As much as the ecosystem supports social health in the multiple interaction and coexistence in the society, it exposes the society to interactions, which lead to other forms of health hazards. The analysis of the needs reflects the effects of interactive ecosystems in which people live, as well as the links in the ecosystems. 3.4.2. Holistic Approach It is extremely difficult to understand all the aspects of health in a holistic approach. This is because of the classification of health conditions in their respective categories especially where, the condition does not involve physical health (Keleher & Murphy, 2004). Need analysis often confuses between mental and emotional health challenges. The model finds it necessary to gather information concerning the holistic well being of the society, including physical, mental, social and spiritual health. 3.4.3. Salutogenic Health Emphasis The model gathers information about health in the global domain. Some of the factors are not relevant to supporting of health and emotional well-being. It is necessary for the model to eliminate the aspects of the analysis that are irrelevant to the focus on happiness (Lowe, 2002). Green and Tones (2010) emphasizes on the elimination or minimizing of the risk issues facilitating the disease. The model collects information and data concerning factors that develop and support good health. 3.4.4. Emphasis on Population Regardless of the seriousness of the needs for health in certain places, the Red Lotus Promotion Model prioritizes its actions of implementation on the disadvantaged communities (Gregg and O’Hara, 2007). The first opportunities are allocated to the marginalized areas. The challenge is that some of the non-marginalized areas might be at greater risks than the known marginalized areas. Some communities are not accessible in spite of their dire need for health (Lee, 2003). The model in this case may not be able to discharge its mandate as stipulated in the principles and value system. It therefore involves the community and groups in the identification areas with the greatest needs and with the most significant inequities. 3.4.5. Power and Political Structure The distribution of authorities and mandate of decision-making affects the way through which health professionals conduct their actions. Political structures of the health organization and government policies limit the extent of participations of the health organizations in the processes of health promotion (Miller and Brewer, 2003). The Red Lotus model recommends actions, which can assist in the equal distribution of decision-making privileges and power. It also facilitates the processes to work within the unfavorable government policies and political atmosphere. The need assessment therefore engages participants with less power to make critical decisions. 3.5. Validity of Evidence The procedures of conducting need assessment have to be based on collection of valid evidences. However, the assessment procedures focus on the conjectural base or the focus on selected sets of evidences. Some of the assessment results are based on the political influences and contemporary forces. The Red Lotus Model bases the need assessment stages on logical presumptions and evidences. 3.6. Administration and Strategic Planning Red Lotus Promotion model incorporates collaborative approaches of control and decision-making. The application of models facilitates proactive and essential transformation in the public health. It promotes the participation of the people as partners to increase the workforce and specialization in the resource gathering as well as data and information analysis. This assists in the determination of the priorities of actions. 4. Evaluation The Evaluation processes for the Red Lotus Promotion Model generates information about the measurement actions and impacts of health care services. The Red Lotus model designs an evaluation strategy for identification of the target group and the benefits that they receive from the processes of public health promotion. It also shows the relevance of the need analysis to health care services. Evaluation processes control the usage of limited resources in the implementation of healthcare service to improve the community’s health conditions (WHO, 1997). This is why need assessment and analysis precedes all the stages of evaluation, to ascertain the exact amount of resources available for the model implementation (Low et al, 1994). In the Red Lotus model, the major emphasis is in the application of principles and values all its promotion of modern health care services. This includes its determination of health paradigm, assessment and analysis of needs, planning of the activities, model implementation and evaluation. As a system with values and principles, the Red Lotus Model is proactive and full of determination to incorporate value and principles into health standard and the stages of implementation of healthcare initiatives (Gregg and O’Hara, 2007). The model applies the same value and principles in the from the needs assessment to the evaluation of healthcare promotion. In the application of Red Lotus Health model, medical experts independently or in groups incorporate a system of values and principles to reflect systematic strategies. The model decisively reflects on all values and principles by evaluating their relevance to the healthcare promotion practices that are ongoing. From the evaluation and assessment, medical experts systematically organize to promote and intervene in the facilitation of sustainable future healthcare actions. The actions have to be in alignment with the principles and values of Red Lotus Model in promoting health services. 4.1. Key Concepts in Public Health The concept of Red Lotus Promotion portrays health in various dimensions of the conditions of a human being. Health is considered in terms of the mind, the body and the spirit. The strengths of the model is in its transformation of the Health services through the promotion with principles and values. Public health compares advanced models of health promotion and traditional health promotion model of values and principles relevant to needs assessment practice. The well being concept covers the knowledge of complicated health that relates to the paradigm of a holistic person. It incorporates the unified proportions of spiritual life and the socialization in the whole communities. The concept in the Red Lotus Model shows connections between mental health, social health and bodily well-being. The main aim is to show the understanding of the participants in the stages of needs analysis and how it is applied to the organization of local health services. The high value processes planned to guide the participation in need analysis conducted by health institutions experts influences the planning options. It also shows the contribution of prioritization and results of actions in the need analysis. Need analysis is continuous and important elements of medical experts in the fulfillment of their operational function 4.2. Underlying Principles in Public Health Gregg and O’Hara use the idea of Red Lotus Model to suggest ways of putting principles and values to action. The principles under discussion in this model include: Organic Universe In this principle, the authors consider the world as having life and dynamism. Knowledge Development This involves recognizing the fact that everyone has a link to others. Through the link, they construct ideas by relations and knowledge about concerning the universe. In this way, health professionals interact with the entire community. The scientific Reinforcement of Health This principle uses ecology that acknowledges that human beings live to in many interconnected ecosystems. Health promotion is considered as ecological. The interactions begin from individual to family level, then to the community and eventually to the population level. Complex Interactions This Principle considers health as complex interactions among people. This involves aspects of life such as biological conditions, age and genetics. Their biological conditions refer to their health and well-being (Douglas et al., 2007). The other aspects are the socio-economic lives. These aspects and values manifest in attitudes, behaviors and faith. It also extends to their socio-economic status and political environments. The science of ecology connects the doctrine of links, complements and confusions. Emphasis on Health Creation This stresses on the factors that support the creation of health as well as well-being. This is motivated by the realization that health develops a sense of value and interest in life. It also creates a sense of resource creation for life (WHO, 2005). This principle works with the assumption that people naturally assume that people perform better when working individually. Participatory Processes This Principle encourages active participation of the community in conjunction with health institutions in the promotion of health services. It uses participations to empower members of the community to link with their well-beings and their health promotion approach (Judd, Frankish & Moulton, 2001). This also contributes to promotion of wisdom o the control in managing the health aspect about their lives as well as the determining factors of their well-being health. 5. Health Promotion O’Hara and Gregg designed the Red Lotus Model to be implemented in two different scopes, National and Global. The scope depends on the number of people in the target population and the geographical area, which the model implementation affects (Robison & Carrier, 2004). It also checks the conditions of the geographical locations, classifying them as marginalized and non-marginalized. The implementation priority is first given to the marginalized and the disadvantaged areas since they are at the greatest risks of being affected by health problems (Lloyd et al., 2007). The model applies an evidence-based approach in managing the integral elements of public health. The practice engages the participation of the target group that is affected in the promotion and in the decision-making processes for change (Van Leeuwen et al, 1999). It thus addresses the issue related to specific scopes and with specific targets. The level of involvement in the national scope is less than the global scope since it targets a single country rather than the entire globe. 5.1. National Level National level of implementation of the Red Lotus Model shows a specific target on a smaller spectrum, literally limited to the boundaries of a country (Wilkinson and Pickett, 2010). The scope of its operation means that the target population belongs to the same country as the health service institutions. Baggott (2010) states that the resources spent in the promotion of public health services also are essential provisions of the prevailing government in the country. The administration and decision-making processes majorly require the participation of the nationals since they are familiar with in the issues in the national domain (Green & Tones, 2010). Non-nationals cannot be involved for the sake of their knowledge limit. The issues of a different country from their origin are obviously external to their perspectives. 5.2. Global Level The global level of participation and implementation ensures that every vital entity is aware of the health promotion transformation in a wider spectrum. Since its scope involves a cross boundary operations and participation, it uses the international policies governing the promotion of public health. This assists in the management of the change processes apart from eliminating the individual autonomy. The international scope of promotion is more relevant for the private organizations rather than the public health sector. In its control over individual autonomy, it recognizes that the spread of health challenges is not selective about limited geographical locality. Instead, it realizes that the same action cannot be applied across different political divides and constitutions. It further acknowledging and respects the diverse choices of people in participation in the promotional activities (Dixey, 2013). However different the choices may be, this model is an open structure of acceptance of health promotion activity as a global need that people respond to differently. The model of Red Lotus shows the benefits of global participation as an advantage to the marginalize areas (Laverack, 2009). It is true that the national level of participation is limited in its participation in a particular country. In its wider spectrum, it considers the actual benefits of the global health promotion to more than merely one country. In any process of change, it has it has to conduct evaluation and need assessment in which it ascertains the exact needs and the relevant beneficiaries (Orme et al, 2003). 6. Appraisal Appraisal in the Red Lotus Model of Health Promotion considers various criteria of qualifying health promotion activities. It uses two fundamental factors in basing its appraisal of the quality of activities and the benefits. First, it uses the value base approach in which the assessment values and benefits are evaluated (Buchanan, 2006). Secondly, it uses the ethical factors in which the evaluation of the model considers the ethical issues and their implication in the public health services. It also assesses the impacts of the ethical factors on the community development. 6.1. The Value Base The value base of appraisal in the Red Lotus Model considers the alignment of the activities of the health services to the organizations value (White, 1991). It actively reviews the impending negative effects of the health promotion initiative and the change processes it may be may be planning to implement. It takes procedural steps to limit or minimize the negative effects that may occur (Bunton and MacDonald, 2002). One of the challenges in the value perspective is the communication of the risk factors in a candid approach. The second challenge is the mode of quantifying these values in the need assessment procedure. It implies incorporating the aspects of every beneficiary and participant for effective value addition practices. 6.2. Ethics Regardless of the efficiency and effectiveness of the Red Lotus Health Model, it is vital to consider the ethical issues it raises in the community and in the national frontline. This is because it deals with the community amidst government’s national constitution (Green & Kreuter, 2005). The process of implementing the health promotion model has the potential to violate human ethical values and social setup. Ethical values manifest in the practice of honesty, transparency, accuracy, respect and sound strategic objectives in the approach of evidence based health promotion practice (Anand, Peter and Sen, 2004). The practices therefore rely fundamentally on the need analysis based on genuine evidence and measurement of the needs. Effectiveness and efficiency of the practices are very critical, as they are obtainable from the opinions of the beneficiaries in the community (Laverack, 2013). The participants often use theoretical bases, which becomes difficult to justify whenever confronted against ethical values. Health promotion practices in its shortage of labor for example, engage non-qualified professionals in its operations, and lower the service delivery quality below the value it advocates. This of course contradicts the essence of health promotion, as it is a potential risk to the lives and health of the community whose health it claims to promote. 7. Analysis This is one of the vital stages of implementation of the Red Lotus Model. In this stage, the public health organizations are evaluated based on the feedback received from the target group. The analysis is preceded by data collection from the target group in which they respond to structured open-ended questions concerning the services they obtain from the health organization (O’Connor-Fleming & Parker, 2007). The analysis indicates the level of success or otherwise failure of the organization in a particular period. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations are made for change to improve the health promotion effectiveness for the sustainability of its future. An example of the analysis results can be: “30% of the population A prefer mobile health Services” “4 out of 10 patients are suffering from psychological trauma” “At least 20 % of the people interviewed are aware of the benefits of Red Lotus Model of promoting public health” Decision makers are very reliant on the analysis results of Public Health promotion because they are informed grounds of evidence based sound decision. At the same time, analysis results are applicable in the audit of health services promotions. It communicates the relevance that the model contributes to the community. 8. The Models Approaches Methods The Red Lotus Model as proposed by O’Hara and Gregg uses a systematic sequence of activities in attempt to achieve the benefits of its intention to apply the system of value and principles in promoting health services. First, the model determines the health paradigm of its beneficiaries and participants (Antonovsky, 1996). The second step is the assessment of health needs and the evidences of the needs. The third step is the actual implementation of the value and principles system. The implementation is the actual interaction with the target group including patients in the community (Ife, 2000). The final stage is the analysis or evaluation of the evidence based health promotion practices. From the evaluation, the model reveals the weaknesses, strengths, successes and failures of the activities. It becomes easy to recommend reasonable changes. The structure of the model has not been tested to stand the test of time owing to the fact that it is a new model. It however enables the health professionals to put the value and principle approach into practical action. This applies to all the phases of health promotion. 9. Disciplinary Foundation of Public Health Promotion The assessment and evaluation of Red Lotus Model provides the rating of public health organizations. The performance ratings determine whether the organization operates in line with the prescribed structure (Hawe, Degeling and Hall, 1990). Failure to fulfill the demands implies that the organization faces disciplinary actions including probation, termination and even prosecution in extreme cases. Health practicing organizations therefore have to adhere to principles and discipline structure in order to win the trust of the public, from where its target population originates. The disciplinary foundation is essential as a guideline to the safety of the target population. Of course, as consumer protection applies to them as clients, there are several needs for protection of the public against ethical breaches of values and gross violations of human rights (McPake et al., 2002). The Red Lotus Model thus conducts the need assessment and evaluation as a preventive measure to guard against such breaches and violation of ethical values of the society. According to Allegrante (2006), the dangers of tolerance to the violations are that the public may stereotype and cease to trust all health promotion groups from inherent judgments. The values and principles System is expected to be of great perfection such that any contrary issue to its vision has to be treated with utmost disciplinary options. 10. Conclusion From the arguments of O’Hara and Gregg in their proposal for the Red Lotus Model, they believe in the application of value and principles in evidence based health promotion. The phases are practicable and realistic, beginning from the paradigm check, assessment of needs, implementation of the model then culminating in evaluation. Even though the Red Lotus Model is new, it is an evidence-based model that is bound to succeed (Naidoo and Wills, 2009). It applies practical analysis, which makes it reliable and develops high confidence level among the participants and the target group. The most desirable features of the Red Lotus value and principle system is that it is holistic; sustainability focused, is able to intervene in complicated issues and has an ecological interconnected determinants of health. References Adams, L., Amos, M., and Monro, J., 2004. Promoting Health: politics and Practice. London: Sage Publications. Allegrante, J. P., 2006. 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