Using of Fake photos in News and Media - Essay Example

Name Professor Course Date Using of fake photos in using news and media The use of fake photos in media and news appears to be inseparable from time immemorial now. Generation of fake photos has been applied in various inexhaustible ways like spreading of propaganda, communication of a false message, exaggeration of a case in a society and many other models s of uses in society. The acceptance and accreditation of any photo circulating online become a tricky issue due to extreme cases of applications designed to generate or aid the creation of fake photos. Fake photos have certain typical qualities with them that trigger massive emotions from the viewers. Some of the emotions may attach to religious differences, cultural conflicts, and many other entrenched issues. The latest case is Islamophobia scenario. This challenge has been plaguing the society, and many countries have joined hands to condemn it. It is worth noting that many uses of fake photos are associated with increased divisive emotion amongst involved various groups of people. Fake photos have also been used for positive reconstructing of the society thus aiding in rejection of bad behavioral models in the society (Gunning, 3). The history of the use of fake photos in media dates back to 1920, a period when the use of picture were incorporated into media. The newly invented model of media and news conveyance was applied in newspapers, varying magazines and many experiments were typically conducted on how to transmit photographic image through electric signals in wires. The first photo transmission through the wire was undertaken back in 1935, and that functionality enabled pictures to be published from different cities. Today photojournalism has evolved into a massive segment in journalism thus many sections of journalism such news stories, interviews, editorial, new feature and writer columns cannot be complete without a picture. Back in 1940s propagandists of war applied fake photos to get the support of the people towards war (Doane & Mary, 6). An expertly designed photo has the ability communicate the essence of realistic experience and enhance the belief and message than any other type of information delivery. This model of communication can be manipulated to represent the subject in an assortment of perspectives as desired by the photographer. The use of the original photos in their unedited nature can fail to present the desirable features hence multifaceted software have been derived from helping in altering these photos. The selection of the correct lens and definition of the camera-subject connection for the enhancement of the picture levels have been consistently applied in practice. The use of fake photos has been entailed historically in both old white and black photos that presented nearly unlimited control in the representation of the original focus. The use of the fake photos observes the essence of Grouping and positioning of people and key objects located in the picture formats. The design of the fake photos has a pleasing shape and is typically very eye-catching picture. The great demand for quick and swiftly conveyed news is the reason behind the growth in the use of the fake photos. The fake photos are consistently followed by the use of simple text or few texts to summarize the entire message. The fake photos normally have high levels of balance with directed news or stories. Such picture creates a revelation of high sufficiency and contrast regarding tone ranging from dark and entrenched light for the picture reproduction process. The editing and design of the fake photos have always been designed to entrenched qualities of the tonal values and thus ensuring the absence of the gray effect on the printing process. The characteristics of photojournalism and fake photo uses are closely associated in various ways. While true photojournalism has the qualities of Accuracy, impact and monumental truth, the fake photos lack accuracy but they have a strong impact on the society. Many of the fake photos are transmitted swiftly through various social media platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook. The use of the fake photos in media and news provide an explanation for situations and events accurately by having a strong and great impact as compared to the mere words that lack such qualities. The use of the fake photos also triggers an immediate understanding of as the viewers normally comprehend maximum details of any entrenched events through picture details. Well-edited pictures/ photos are well directed and minimum time is required to comprehend it as compared to a wordy news account. The fake photos also portray enhanced clarity and completeness but they are inclined or biased towards creating inexistent information. In comparison to standard photojournalism that Makes newspaper very interesting and true, fake photos cause the rise in emotions and changes the perception of the viewers. The use of the fake photos in media and news has also been used for entertaining. Many of the photos trending in social media are geared towards requesting of comments and perception of various people. Fake photos on the Newspapers and magazines are elementarily enhanced and published basing on a variety of subjects aimed at gratifying of people in the society. The enhancement makes people or the objects appear lovable and attractive to the society (Doane & Mary, 6). Use of fake photos to promote well being of the society The technology segment is one of the swiftest changing realms in human being advancement regions. Electronic gadgets have almost taken over what was manually undertaken long time ago. In this regard, a French artist designed fake photo showing people the impact of technology on their life. The photo cautions people of impending danger awaiting them in future if they continuously use the electronic gadget in such purposes. The photo series typically referred to as Sur-Fake shows screens sucking the faces of the people looking into the different handsets. It further creates a notion of people whose thinking is consumed by gazing on the handsets before them (Gunning, 3). The designer created photographic series portraying people having their faces pulled into their Smartphone and was well designed to create an inhibiting influence towards technology in daily life. It presents the disturbing results of the technology. It is no doubt that iPad, Smartphone, and many other electronic gadgets have consumed the human era into changing their model of life. The alteration of the human facial appearance through apparently sucking the face might have persuaded a laudable majority of people into believing the danger signs of technology. The impact of photos is very vehement as an adage compares a good photo to millions of words of description. Photos are vital in effective and swiftest message delivery through the strongest impact possible. It is undeniable that screens have become a notable biological extension of people in this era (Domingo, 7). Picture: picture-showing handsets sucking the faces of people looking into them Antoine Geiger, the creator of the photo series, argues that everywhere a person goes screens glare to the viewers. In people cars, apartments, streets, and many other different places screens are everywhere. According to Antoine Geiger, there is massive attention forwarded to technology and social media. The society's excessive attitude and love may create conflicting cases in the end for the entire community. While the picture changing the application of design can be criticized for being very harsh and pessimistic in the use of technology, it aimed to address common challenging plaguing the community at large. Social media has a huge sum of impacts into the human environment. Application developers have continuously generated new applications aimed at attracting people closely to their electronic handsets. Such applications include social media applications, entertainment applications, for instance, games and video features. The larger impact of the social media is the development of a new society where children are exposed to uncontrollable immense of low-quality stuff and immorality. The regulation of the society has consistently becoming a challenge with many crimes committed online, and systems have to be shifted or altered to ensure consistent fight of the evils of the society (Doane & Mary, 6). The use of fake photos has been notable for quite so many decades. These photos are the true assurance that photo editing and manipulation did not demand the use of sophisticated tech solutions. Many of the photos that trended in news and media sometimes back were faked, but not many people could recognize them (Cubby, 4). Photo: photo of a falling soldier The photo of a falling soldier typically referred, as the Robert Capa's celebrated photograph is an example of edited photos. The source of the photo has always been raising queries than answers. It has long been known that it originated from Spanish civil war at the moment of death. He apparently twists while falling on the ground and the rifle falls apart from his hands. The background of the photo has attracted clear criticism from Spanish researcher called Jose Manuel Susperregui who claims that the photo was done in the Cerro Muranio. The photo had been thought to have emerged from Espejo that is located 35 miles away. The slight deviation shows that the photo was edited and is hence similar to other fakes photos. The researcher claims that the Spanish press assisted him, and they were able to compare the background of the photo with a present setting correctly. The historian who says that fighting in Espejo had commenced when Capa photo emerged also disputed the photo (Kite, Gable & Filippelli, 5). Photo: Stage-managed Georgian photo The caption that Reuters wrote on the photo was read that - Georgians standing beside the body of the son, but there is a palpable reason to argue otherwise. The woman apparently stares into the sky, possibly from where death came from of maybe to God. The comparison of two photos reveals possible moving of the body of the boy. Furthermore, it is not possible to argue that the body was moved so that it could help in conserving the dignity of the dead son. Many people have questioned the reliability of the photo and challenged the Reuters to reveals the source of the photo. There are possible reasons to believe that it was stage-managed, and it was not a real photo. It is possible that the mother allowed the body of her son to be dragged. There are high reasons to believe that the "dead boy" was moved due to poor lighting (Hermida, 4). Many other viewers also argued that the photos were not edited or doctored, and they argue a photographer takes several photos on scene sight, and most of the photos are taken from a different angle, degrees and zooming levels that may have contributed to the difference. Photo: Sept 11 attack photo The deceptive photo emerged following the Sept 11 attack. The close assessment shows that massive flaws. Some of the questions raised included how the pictured tourist could not possible hear the oncoming plane. It also fails to explain how the photographer survived the incidence. From experience, people who had visited WTC before the attack knows that region of for viewing or outdoor observation section was located atop the south tower section. The photo also appears to look northwards in the Empire State Building direction. This picture conflicts that the WTC attack that was hit on the southern side by the oncoming hijacked plane. The image was able to penetrate through American society due to the extreme rawness America people wounds and gave their considerate perception of the high tensed and huge emotional impact. Photo: manipulated O. J. Simpson photo in Newsweek and Time The June 27, 1994, outside covers of Newsweek and Time showed double setting that appeared to be versions two mugshots of the same O. J. Simpson. The Time outside cover showed Simpson's face to be notably darker, comparably blurrier, and well unshaven. The picture was manipulated by Matt Mahurin, for the Time Magazine had argued that he desired to make it more artful and very compelling (Kite, Gable & Filippelli, 5). Photo: fake Oprah Winfrey - The cover of TV Guide Edited photo of Oprah Winfrey had been featured on a cover of a TV Guide back in August 1989. Oprah Winfrey was a talk show presenter at the time. The photo was generated through splicing the head part of Winfrey and then joining with the body of actress Ann-Margret. The actress Ann-Margret photo was taken back in 1979 publicity shot. The editing of the photo was done following the agreement of Winfrey or Ann-Margret, but it was finally noticed by Ann-Margret's fashion designer. The designer was able to identify the dress (Domingo, 7). Photo: George W Bush holds a picture book in wrong way The photo portraying George W Bush having a picture book in the wrong way up was done during his visit to a school. Certain quarters amongst the opposition of the Republican president assisted in the generation of his buffoonish image. The media came in to reveal that the president was holding the book in the right way, but an editing software was used in rotating the cover of the book (Li & Bernoff, 3). Photo: photo headlined that Georgian soldier was ferrying dead woman Consistent with (AppAppeal, 3), the captioning of the photo shows untrue instance. It read that Georgian soldier were carrying the dead woman from the picture it is visible that the woman had clutched the nurses arms. The man spotted to be lying closely was also noted to have changed ground in other images from the scene. The photos reveal high levels of stage-managing of the scene to drive emotions while reporting. It further portrays fear to expose the truth but to use a cheaper cost model to collect supporting document for their news or claims. Photo: thick smoke from Lebanese capital following the raid by Israel forces The photo emerged back in August 2006 and was undertaken by a Lebanese photographer, Adnan Hajj. It portrayed a high level of smoke coming from the buildings in the capital after a raid by Israel soldiers. Reuter's news agency picked up the photo and edited it by amplifying the level of smoke and ten they published on their Website, but they quickly withdrew after noticing that smoke levels were comparably very high. Hajj denied having attempted to edit deliberately the photo but admitted that he was trying the remove dust marks since he argued that he made significant mistakes of poor lighting. The company recognized the errors and a huge breach of conduct and admitted that they will not work with him afterward. The photographer changed many his photos massively that he had done earlier (Hermida, 4). Photo: communist Russia era According to (AppAppeal, 3), the Russian administration in conjunction with its media teams were able to eliminate photos of people they did not want to be connected with their history. The Russian regime had perfected the trend of labeling certain people who opposed their mode of administration as "enemy of te people". Historical photographs were massively altered to ensure that such people were eliminated in the history of t he country. An example was, Leo Trotsky, who was an inseparable friend of Lenin and with whom they engaged in very idealistic ideas regarding the communist state. Leo Trotsky can be seen with together with Lenin in some photos, but it is surprising that Leo Trotsky could not be seen in the same photos in later ages. The photos show that possibly some deleted the segments of part of the photo tat portrayed Leo Trotsky. The changes in the photos emerged after Leo Trotsky was deported from Russia 1929. Leo Trotsky had deviated from his ideological point of view and started on criticizing Stalin's leadership portraying the leadership to based on self-interests and having personal interest instead of people interests (Li & Bernoff, 3). Photo: Shark trying get soldier under rescue mission The notable photo shark was trying to get hold of a soldier under rescue mission circulated heavily in media back in 2001. The photo was designed through the incorporation of two separate photos. The photos were air force helicopter on training process and a massive shark leap in coasts of South Africa (Karlsson, 3). Fake Hurricane Sandy In 2012, strong Hurricane Sandy storm created massive thus prompting huge impacts at that time. The hurricane created a debilitating impact on the environment, and people feared it. The massive power of the sandstorm generated new images that exaggerated the real nature of the storm. The fake Hurricane Sandy photos were highly distributed in the social media. The most of the photos resembled hurricanes, but they were not taken when for the duration of the hurricane. Many of the photos were taken on different occasions sometimes back, but were saved and maintained or stored but later erupted in the hurricanes period (AppAppeal, 3). Some of the instances of the fake photos entail a picture that Lady Liberty as if it was about to float away due to the storm. The picture properly designed to trick people and create worry amongst them people. The impact of the storm is uncontrollable, but people have differing intentions in life. The origin of the photo was movie "day after tomorrow". The photo was professionally edited to hide some inherent features. The editor also reduced brightness level thus creating a truly new thing. Photo: fake photo of Lady Liberty being swept away Photo: The cover of movie "day after tomorrow" Impacts of use of fake photos in ethic of the media According to (Deuze, 5), the use of fake photos in the media and news, especially for evil and malicious purpose, has a debilitating impact on the society. Journalism is a professional segment with well-outlined rules and ethics regulating the practice. The use of the fake photos present short term advantages and merits to any media house undertaking such practices but the long term effects are compounding and stressful. The common ethics regulating the practice borders on the respect for the elements of truth and ensuring safeguarding the public's right to truthful and believable information. These values are stated as the main trunks of or principles of journalism of which photojournalism is a part. The essence of journalism is the description and mirroring of the society and highlighting of the social ills in the society. The journalist has the role of conveying information, eminent ideas and raising opinions in a profound and privileged manner. They are tasked with critical search or quest for information, disclosure, and recording. It is expected to undertake proper questioning, entertaining, suggesting and remembering various forms of information delivered. The blessing and privileges awarded to the journalists enable to have the ability to secure information and inform citizens thus creating animated and enhanced democracy. Many qualities of fake photos appear to conflict the basic essence of journalism in the use of media and news transmission. They fail to present practical form basing on freedom of expression to the audience due to the included bias in information (Deuze, 5). The journalists are tasked with work in a privately run enterprise, but they all have the essential public responsibilities that direct them. While the standards journalism empower the journalist to scrutinize power and also excellently exercise but through an accountable way, fake photos causes the misuse of the power, lack of accountability. The many fake photos create disharmony and confusion in the society and thus lower the journalism profession. The use of fake photos dilutes trust in the public thus journalists do not accomplish their public tasks. The union or an Alliance journalist members engaged in truly journalism through committing themselves to high levels of honesty, enhanced fairness, high level of independence, and respect or consideration for the rights and respect for other people (Borders, 3). The use of the fake photos conflicts some of the basic units in the ethics of journalism. The most common ethical basics designed to control the operation of the journalism includes correct reporting and the honest interpretation of the honesty, stringent observation of accuracy, elevated levels of fairness and elaboration or disclosure of all indispensable facts. Many of the values are highlighted t corrupted the use of fake photos in the media and news segments. Fake photos also strongly suppress pertinent available issues and continuously distort the emphasis on the desirable qualities. It denies the freedom and fairness in the communication model they have increased unnecessary prominence on private characteristics, cutting across racial issues, gender, age group, people's sexual orientation, harsh ethnicity, grouping on nationality, unwanted and undesirable family relationships and volatile religious beliefs. The fake photos also have attachments on the physical and intellectual disabilities or weaknesses. Many fake photos distort information's sources and do not have the correct attribute of the information. Many fake photos display personal interest and biased beliefs. They also exhibit questionable commitment that attracts issues regarding payment, offering of gifts to cheat many people and thus undermining the access to accuracy in a fair and independent manner (Luehmann & Tinelli, 5). In conclusion, the use of fake photos in news media can be traced back in history to the era of the First World War. Photos were edited then released to the newsroom to alter the model of thinking of the people. The use of fake photos is very unprofessional especially if undertaken for maliciously or personal gains. It is very challenging to society to get hold of a normally structured model of communication if the use of fake photos continues. Fake photos reduce the trust worth of the society and create emotion amongst people. Such falsified images have a conflicting interest in the society and may be a cause of violence and absence of harmony. The journalism and media process management abhors the use of such document in various processes. The crucial shift in media and news transmission has lead to growth and use of fake photos in social media. The majority of the fake photos in the social media are based on creating entertainment. Many social have come up with ways of ensuring stringent observation of the rules and ethics in posting of pictures. Very unpleasant and unrated edited contents are continuously filtered off. People with usual behavior of generating such harming contents are also warned or even have their account closed. Bloggers are the commonest users of the fake photos especially due to the posting of untrue or rumored contents. Many bloggers do not access to excellent photography capacity hence they end up using fake and edited photo communicate their rumors. The use of stringent and tight legal system can help in seizing the use of fake photos to propagate hatred, cause disharmony in the society, and perpetuate spreading of rumors and enhancement of social ills in the society. The route taken by technology in photojournalism is most likely to propagate the use of fake photos as nearly every social site/ media user posts the fake contents. The spread of fake photos has been strongly hampered by social media. On the contrary, fake photos have their positive and negative sides in the news and media industry. Works cited AppAppeal. Social Networking, Netlog Review Fake photographs. Retrieved December 02, 2010, from AppAppeal: http://www.appappeal.com/app/netlog/ Bedell, J. What is the Difference Between Social Media and Social Networking? Fake photographs; Retrieved December 2, 2010, from JTB Consulting : http://jasontbedell.com/what-is-the-difference-between-social-media-and-social-networking Borders, B.A brief history of social media: Fake photographs. Retrieved December 05, 2010, http://socialmediarockstar.com/history-of-social-media Boyd, D. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Computer Mediated Communication, (2007). 3-20. Cubby, D Within an illustrated box: ontology of a photography in demise. An extract from the exegesis Photography: the dominant aesthetic. Global Media Journal – Australian Edition, 4(2): . (2010) 1-10. Deuze, M. What is journalism? Professional identity and ideology of journalists reconsidered. Jour­nalism(2005) 6(4): 442-464. Doane, Mary Ann Indexicality and the concept of medium specificity. In Robin Kelsey & Blake Stimson (eds.), The Meaning of Photography, Williamstown, Mass: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute (2008). Domingo, D. & Quandt, T. & Heinonen, A. & Paulussen, S. & Singer, J. & Vujnovic, M. (2008) Participatory journalism practices in the media and beyond. An international comparative study of initiatives in online newspapers. Journalism Practice 2(3): 326-342. Gunning, T. What’s the Point of an Index? Or, Faking Photographs. Nordicom Review 1-2: 39-49 (2004). Hermida, A. & Thurman, N. (2008) A clash of cultures. The integration of user-generated content within professional journalistic frameworks at British newspaper websites. Journalism Practice, 2(3): 343-356. http://mass.pakgalaxy.com/role-and-scope-of-photo-journalism.html Karlsson, M. (2010) Rituals of transparency. Evaluating online news outlets’ uses of transparency rituals in the United States, United Kingdom and Sweden. Journalism Studies, 11(4): 535-545. Kite, S., Gable, R., & Filippelli, L. (2010). Assessing middle school students’ knowledge of conduct and consequences and their behaviors regarding the use of social networking sites, Fake photographs. The Clearing House, 83, 153-163. Li, C. and Bernoff, J. (2008). Groundswell: Winning in a world transformed by social technologies. Harvard Business PressBoston: . Libert,B. and Falk, R. (2009), Barack, Inc.: Winning Business Lessons. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education FT Press. Luehmann, A.L., & Tinelli, L. (2008). Teacher professional identity development with social networking technologies: learning reform through blogging. Educational Media International, 45(4), 323-333. Marchese, J. (2007). Defining social media. June 5. Accessed at: http://www.mediapost. com/publications/?fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid= 61442 Pingdom.com (2010) Study: Ages of social network users. Retrieved February 26, 2011. Available from http://royal.pingdom.com/2010/02/16/study-ages-of-social-network- users/ Russo, A., Watkins, J., & Grandwater-Smith, S. (2009). The impact of social media on informal learning in museums. Educational Media International, 46(20), 153-166. Scanlon, T. Joseph (1976) “The Not So Mass Media: The Role of Individuals in Mass Communication” G. Stuart Adam, ed. Journalism, Communication and the Law Scarborough: Prentice-Hall of Canada pp: 104-119 Selwyn, N. (2009). Faceworking: exploring students’ education-related use of Facebook. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 157-174. Shrum, L. J., Wyer, R. S., &O'Guinn, T. C. (1998). The effects of television consumption on social perceptions: The use of priming procedures to investigate psychological processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 447-458. Stefanone, M. A., Lackaff, D., & Rosen, D. (2010). The relationship between traditional mass media and “social media”: reality television as a model for social network site behavior. Journal of Broadcasting & Electrical Media, 54(3), 508-525. Tu, C., Blocher, M., & Roberts, G. (2008). Constructs for Web 2.0 learning environments: a theatrical metaphor. Educational Media International, 45(4), 253-269. Van den Berg, P., Thompson, J. K., Obremski-Brandon, K., &Coovert, M. (2002).The tripartite Influence model of body image and eating disturbance: A covariance structure modeling investigation testing the mediational role of appearance comparison. Journal of Psychometric Research, 53(5), 1007-1020. Read More

Well-edited pictures/ photos are well directed and minimum time is required to comprehend it as compared to a wordy news account. The fake photos also portray enhanced clarity and completeness but they are inclined or biased towards creating inexistent information. In comparison to standard photojournalism that Makes newspaper very interesting and true, fake photos cause the rise in emotions and changes the perception of the viewers. The use of the fake photos in media and news has also been used for entertaining.

Many of the photos trending in social media are geared towards requesting of comments and perception of various people. Fake photos on the Newspapers and magazines are elementarily enhanced and published basing on a variety of subjects aimed at gratifying of people in the society. The enhancement makes people or the objects appear lovable and attractive to the society (Doane & Mary, 6). Use of fake photos to promote well being of the society The technology segment is one of the swiftest changing realms in human being advancement regions.

Electronic gadgets have almost taken over what was manually undertaken long time ago. In this regard, a French artist designed fake photo showing people the impact of technology on their life. The photo cautions people of impending danger awaiting them in future if they continuously use the electronic gadget in such purposes. The photo series typically referred to as Sur-Fake shows screens sucking the faces of the people looking into the different handsets. It further creates a notion of people whose thinking is consumed by gazing on the handsets before them (Gunning, 3).

The designer created photographic series portraying people having their faces pulled into their Smartphone and was well designed to create an inhibiting influence towards technology in daily life. It presents the disturbing results of the technology. It is no doubt that iPad, Smartphone, and many other electronic gadgets have consumed the human era into changing their model of life. The alteration of the human facial appearance through apparently sucking the face might have persuaded a laudable majority of people into believing the danger signs of technology.

The impact of photos is very vehement as an adage compares a good photo to millions of words of description. Photos are vital in effective and swiftest message delivery through the strongest impact possible. It is undeniable that screens have become a notable biological extension of people in this era (Domingo, 7). Picture: picture-showing handsets sucking the faces of people looking into them Antoine Geiger, the creator of the photo series, argues that everywhere a person goes screens glare to the viewers.

In people cars, apartments, streets, and many other different places screens are everywhere. According to Antoine Geiger, there is massive attention forwarded to technology and social media. The society's excessive attitude and love may create conflicting cases in the end for the entire community. While the picture changing the application of design can be criticized for being very harsh and pessimistic in the use of technology, it aimed to address common challenging plaguing the community at large.

Social media has a huge sum of impacts into the human environment. Application developers have continuously generated new applications aimed at attracting people closely to their electronic handsets. Such applications include social media applications, entertainment applications, for instance, games and video features. The larger impact of the social media is the development of a new society where children are exposed to uncontrollable immense of low-quality stuff and immorality. The regulation of the society has consistently becoming a challenge with many crimes committed online, and systems have to be shifted or altered to ensure consistent fight of the evils of the society (Doane & Mary, 6).

The use of fake photos has been notable for quite so many decades.

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