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The history of monopoly power in the computer industry is in fact extraordinarily clear-cut. It all started with Tom Watson Sr, who learned the fine art of devastating competitors while selling for the then-notorious National Cash Register Corp. By all measures, the callousness of IBM in the 1920s makes Bill Gates and company look like Santa Claus.
The price of any good is determined by so many factors, the majority of which are outside the control of an individual producer/marketer. Among the various factors, demand and supply are the prominent factors that are likely to affect the price. The price of wheat here is determined by the forces of quantity demanded and supplied.
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It further assumes that Israel would not take up any activity that would hinder economic growth in Palestine. The current economic scenario in Palestine is not very encouraging. In the second quarter of 2007, the GDP of Palestine grew by 6.5%. The largest increases in gross value added were registered in the sectors.
In an oligopoly market, it has a high degree of market concentration and it indicates that a larger portion of the oligopoly market is owned by the leading gasoline firms of the particular country. Thus big gasoline business firms can be regarded as a market leader in the gasoline market industry with serving c to worldwide customers with a huge market share. Also, there can be seen some small number of gasoline suppliers in the market.
In the money market, the money supply has increased over money demand. Thus the interest rates will fall. This will result in greater consumption and lesser savings. This will increase the aggregate demand by increasing the Consumption(C) factor in the equation.b In the commodity market, the increased money supply will result in lower prices.
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According to Keynes consumption is a function of income, this function depicts that as the level of income increases then the level of consumption also increases, in cases where the income declines then consumption declines, for this reason, therefore, consumption is a function of income where Keynes specified the model as follows: C = F(Y)
The growth of the economy has slackened drastically (Ramin, 2004). The economy, with a rapidly expanding population, has experienced a marked decline in investment, low labour productivity, a widening trade gap, a fast accumulation of debt and, above all, a sharp decline in the standard of living. What are the determinants of economic performance?
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The United States is known to have taken its position in line with global competitiveness ahead of Germany. The reason is that it has a national advantage over the other nations. Its locality has also played a big role in its success in relation to competitiveness. Research shows that there is greater efficiency that is quite evident in the United States.
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The research paper uses a sample of 138 countries' data for the purpose of reaching a conclusion. The research purpose was to use the data spread between 1968 and 2002 in order to conclude as to whether there is a rise in volatility in the growth of a country due to their being a democratic form of government prevailing in that country or not.
The study also suggests ways to improve the situation. By the very nature of the topic, the study would also try and find out the mechanism of an economy and its banking system, as both these elements play a vital role to avert any financial crisis. There is also a mention of the recent shutdown and take-over of Lehman Brothers.
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Architects, property developers, and town planners are forging an alliance that promises to champion the cause of progressive design in projects as diverse as apartments, individual houses, hotels, and commercial complexes. Security is of primary concern to people living in new small townships that are mushrooming all over Australia.
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As a consequence, the ratio of inward FDI stock to the 12 CEE countries studied here in total world inward FDI stock increased more than three-fold, fro m 0.81% in 1994 to 2.89% in 2004. (1) Over the same period, these countries also achieved a substantial increase in their exports, especially towards Western Europe.
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With the airline industry, while the cost of accepting an extra passenger is very low, the fixed cost of airlines turn to be high. The incremental costs of accepting one extra passenger onto a plane are very low, whereas the fixed costs of operating the flight (with or without any passengers at all) are very high.
The report examines the economic health and progress of the Canadian economy over the current time horizon with the help of economic concepts and measures like the Gross National Product, unemployment rate, and inflation rate. The paper also provides additional economic indicators that help a definitive conclusion on the state of the Canadian economy.
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Recent political and economic reforms in eastern Europe and in a number of other emerging economies present the prospect of growing wealth to their citizens; the related worldwide privatization wave also provides opportunities for the international expansion of western enterprises. Privatization of state-owned enterprises - that is, the transfer of ownership from government to private investors.
The economic impact of corporate taxation is one which is incredibly significant and influential in many regards, and the tax changes that have taken place over the last 20 years, in particular, have been incredibly impactful on corporate taxation in general. In order to gain a more informed and knowledgeable viewpoint on corporate taxation in general.
Structural measures are implemented by the government in achieving greater efficiency in a stylized model and it increases the price elasticity of demand for government expenditures. The structural policies improved the efficiency of public spending and it changes the positive pattern across the countries; it follows the asymmetric fiscal shock.
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Globalization is an international phenomenon with far-reaching consequences in the social, political and economic realms. Economic globalization, namely the spread of neoliberalism and capitalist-inspired consumerism as the dominant engine of economic growth, has both the supporters and the detractors.
The author states that interdependency can be observed from the increasing trade volume between the U.S. and Asia, which has doubled in 10 years. The complication increases the chances that the Fed could make a policy mistake by pushing rates too high or leaving them too low. It could cost the economy deadly if an error is to be corrected later on.
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The rising oil prices do not affect the world economy in a macroeconomic stance but the negative impacts are experienced by the less developed, oil-dependent economies including the low-income households. The benefits of the increase are evident in the conservation of energy, reduction of pollution and traffic congestion.
Historically, oil, and recently natural gas, has contributed vitally to UAE’s overall economic development and growth (UAE Federal e-Government Portal 2006). Currently, the energy sector, especially oil and gas, contributes as much as 62% to UAE’s overall economy (UAE Federal e-Government Portal). Essentially, Abu Dhabi holds sway over UAE’s oil capacity both in overall production capabilities.
It builds on David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage by predicting patterns of trade and production based on the factor endowments of a trading region. The model essentially says that countries will export products that utilize their abundant factor(s) of production and import products that utilize the countries' scarce factor(s).
While the world economy underwent sluggish growth in the 1970s and the 1980s, the performance of the Japanese economy was somewhat successful. Nevertheless, "Japan's Miracle" ended in the beginning of the 1990s. Since then, the Japanese economy has fallen into an acute and long slump and has entered into a new transition phase
The ratification of the Maastricht treaty in November of 1993 was responsible for the creation of the European Monetary Union or EMU and adopted the Euro as their common currency (European commission, n.d.).
There are several reasons why immigration should contribute positively to economic growth. First, the arrival of immigrants generates more consumption and also helps to create economies of scale. Immigrants also contribute to saving, since, generally speaking, they have a strong marginal propensity to save.
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Bank Rate Policy is one of the major instruments which are closely linked with interest rates prevailing in the economy. Interest rates charged by commercial Banks on the loans advanced to their customers as well as the interest rate paid by them on their savings deposits are affected by the bank rate changes.
The model of intertemporal trade is one of the simplest models which make up the foundations of contemporary economics. In its simplicity, this model gives significant information about the functioning of the entire economy. Micro-foundation models help us understand larger more complicated economic situations by starting at the basics.
As the author of this paper underlines it, on top of a decrease in demand for the supply that will result from the fall in the economy from the high unemployment rate, there will be more foreclosures, as businesses will have to lay off more staff if they are not meeting enough of a demand for their supply.
Claire Sterling in her book, “The Terror Network”, convincingly made the case that the Soviet Union was supporting international terrorism as a way to destabilize the west in general and the United States in particular. The foreign policy principles of the Reagan-Bush administration were friends of Sterling’s hypothesis.
The law of demand was first stated y the French Mathematician, Antoine Augustin Cournot, in 1838. “The greater the amount to e sold the lesser must be the price at which it is offered, in order that it may find purchasers, or in other words, the amount demanded increases with a fall in price and decreases with a rise in price."
“From the 1980s to the present day, there has been an increasingly rapid globalization of the world economy. Globalization may be defined as the increased integration of national economies into global, rather than national markets, prompted by liberalized capital flows, liberalized trade flows, significant advances in information technology..."
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Economic performance lies ahead as performance measurement is always surrounded by uncertainty because it depends on inference rather than direct measurement and observation. “The amount of uncertainty varies with the lags between measures and their impact on economic performance, and the volatility of the business environment.
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The healthcare and drug industry is unique from others because environmental conditions directly influence the nature of ailments and, to some degree, the susceptibility and responsiveness of people to drug types. Intimate knowledge and awareness of the host-environment directly correlate to a pharmaceutical company’s ability to deliver.
These bills bear a fixed rate of return on the terms of the bill and are to get mature within the time span of less than one year. Treasury bills can be defined in the following way:
A negotiable debt obligation issued by theU.S. government and backed by its full faith and credit, having maturity of one year or less.
Risk aversion is a theory that explains why people are willing to buy insurance. Indemnity is a principle of insurance that states puts it clearly that an insured person will gets compensation if there is a risk occurrence. The pay off expected by the insured is always less than the premiums; this puts the insurance company in a better position
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Thus the dichotomy of conceptual paradigms associated with the sovereign power of the consumer and the corporate power, have to be delineated against this larger picture of Galbraith's ideas (Friedman, 1977). In short Galbraith's penchant for criticism of the so-called conventional wisdom of neo-classical economic theory was essentially characterized by a greater degree of leaning by him on the concept of "affluent society".
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Using up the available land may also trigger environmental concerns and loss of the local flavour being preserved and cause objections. All this had led to stagnation in supply causing a severe shortage of housing. All this triggered a demand for the existing limited available properties fuelling a high priced market in the early 2000s.
The consideration which we pay for a product at a certain quantity is called the price of the product. When we talk of the product price, we mean market price. That is the price at which the product is sold to all buyers in the market. The quantity of a product that we purchase at a certain price is called the demand of the product.
As a result, the economic analysis and appropriate managerial solutions are found to be quite similar.
One of the most distinctive features of the New Economy is the importance of the scale and scope of economies. A prime focus now is on the concept and viability of ‘scalability’ - the degree to which the total scale and scope of the business can be increased without a corresponding increase in costs (Mankiw, 2006).
The Gross Domestic Product seeks to measure the sum of incomes received by the different types of sectors of the economy, from manufacturing and wholesale to agriculture and service industries. In most developed countries, this national data is published and revised every three months by the National Statistics Office.
However the United States follows a more specific definition which the OECD has designed. According to US, FDI is the "ownership or control of 10 percent or more of an enterprise's voting securities, or the equivalent interest in an unincorporated business" (Pustay & Griffin, 2006)
This paper focuses on the evaluation of economic efficiency of Saudi Aramco company, considering its monopolistic position on the local market. Despite being a monopoly, Saudi Aramco company, is considered as one of the most efficient and finely run organizations in the world with revenues in billions of dollars.
International Financial Institutions like the World Bank and the IMF etc. extensively extends aid to the underdeveloped countries. Apart from international institutions, some developed countries such as the USA and UK, etc. also provide financial assistance to poor countries such as Ghana and Nepal, etc. for the promotion of economic development.
A number of specific trade issues – textiles, leather shoes, and car parts – have seen responses from the EU and the US, which have been characterized, as ‘protectionist’. Also, the annual budget deficit is at the all-time high, government-run banks are essentially defunct desperately need to be rationalized.
Amongst the several reasons for interaction, some are the development of Trade and Commerce, ensuring friendly ties to assure assistance in times of need, and countries having common goals are helpful to each other in assisting the same. Of these few reasons, the one that is essentially important is Development of Trade and Commerce.
Hedge funds provide help to lower the volatility in a portfolio through diversification. Hedge funds are flexible investment options and can invest in a variety of instruments like stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities and gold while using lots of leverage. Derivatives are used only for hedging purposes. They also are usually tax-free.
The above diagram represents on way in which Mrs. Acres can act. Here, suppose the initial equilibrium occurs at the point where Demand meets Supply curve at D = S. The equilibrium quantity here is 8000 pies at a price of $4.5. However, Mrs. Acres find that this quantity is not meeting the current demand.
A lot of background work goes in before some company decides to expand in other countries. Once decided and implemented, this penetration process is very difficult to change. Issue of how to reach buyers effectively and efficiently and thereby maintain the profitability of the organisation is the prime concern of the distribution process.
In ordinary language, inflation means a process of rising prices. A situation is described as inflationary when either the prices or the supply of money are rising . In other words, we can say “Too much money chasing too few goods”. Therefore, inflation is a state of an economy in which the value of money is falling i.e. prices are rising.
As evident from the formula given above price elasticity of demand is calculated using percentage changes in quantity demanded and price. This is because elasticity is independent of the type of measure used. Average values for quantity and price are used so as to eliminate discrepancies arising due to movement from lower to higher or vice versa.