Development of a Global Development Model - Essay Example

Introduction It will be shown in this essay that the development in all fields should be made in such a way that modern technologies are embraced. A development model that works globally will be worked out for. Traditional methods will be changed with modern methods and new developments will be taken in to make sure that economy grows manifold. A real model of economy lies in using the strengths of the nation or area as a whole for sustainable development. The nation should have the ability to undertake the latest technological developments. The three main points that has been discussed are The use of modern technology will help to meet the demand. The concept that sticking to tradition methods should be considered as resistance to change. Tourism should be meeting the demand of the consumer to grow and tourism has been seen as changing the economy, and based on this the Hypothesis or the core question that will put under scanner in this report is that Development should be happening meeting the demand of the consumer and any development ignoring this concept will have devastating effects. The use of modern technology will help to meet the increased demand. The point above can be classified as major and that can be understood as Green Revolution In Bali, Indonesia. Green revolution was made as an international campaign in the year 1960s in Indonesia, to increase the productivity of land using western science based technology. That had resulted in large scale commercial cultivation of food grains (Marguerite S. Robinson,2002).The aim was to become self sufficiency in grains. The country was being accused of importing rice in the 60 and 70s and the green revolution was proposed for altering the situation. That had achieved the target in the year 80s itself.The green revolution was meant for spreading High Yield Varities or genetically engineered varieties. This was developed by International Rice Research Institute in Philippines and in Mexico. The new technology helped the country to become self sufficient in the year 1985 and it had helped the country to meet the increased demand for the people. Rice cultivation had been considered as an agronomic and economic perspective and not as mere social and religious due to green revolution and that has helped to increase the productivity. There has been conflicting debate that green revolution has widened the rural inequality and the counter point of view is that it has benefited every class of farmer. The advent of green revolution has removed the traditional format and this was accelerated by the efforts of the government and Asian Development Bank. The state has decided that only HYV will be planted and the offer of easy agricultural credit meant that the HYV method was followed. There was a change in traditional growth of two harvests to three harvests. The aim of the government and Asian Development bank was to counter the growth of Pesticide by using more fertilizers. There was a decline in the growth of HYV in the later years but that has been changed by improved coordination with farmers. In the year 1974,it has been estimated that brown plant hopper(Nilaparvata lugens) has become one of the most harmful rice pesticide.( Jeffrey Harris Cohen, Norbert Dannhaeuser,2002).That has not been due to green revolution rather with the false use of pesticide and that has been counterattacked by coming out with anew variety of IR 36 rice .It had the further advantage of maturing very easily. The use of IR 36 was encouraged and the farmers were encouraged to discard native varieties that were found to be less responsive to fertilizers and producing less grain. The performance of Balinese irrigation system was encouraged. The adoption of high productivity package has meant an increase in the productivity and innovative practice was adopted in proper way. (Diaz)The basic structure of the productive system was not affected by the Green Revolution in Bali and so also the distribution of income effect. The concept sticking to tradition methods should be considered as resistance to change. This is the secondary point that has been raised. It can be stated that just sticking to traditional irrigation projects on the guise of religion that has been supposed to be the glue that binds the farmers together mean that there is reluctance to forego the power and adopt to modernity that can change the overall life of the person. The farmers who were willing to go back to traditional method in Bali and that had meant that a return back to irrigation scheduling by the water temples were not ready to stop the use of HYV. The traditional format was that the rice farmers band together in associations called the Subak.The members have control over water in the irrigation system and each subak has got its own irrigation temple. That will set the cropping schedule which will determine what to plant given the amount of water that has been available. The basic idea is replicated on a large schedule. The Asian development Bank had considered the replacement of water temples by bureaucratic system of control as a result of technical progress. The bank had believed that the old agrarian ritual was done efficiently before the invention of fertilizers and green revolution has made the old agrarian calendar irrelevant. The role of the water temple is to remain as religious institutions only and that was not found acceptable by the bank which was the right thing to do. The farmers were encouraged to plant rice grains at the highest possible frequencies in a year and that had helped to increase the production of rice. The Bali Irrigation project was controlled by Asian Development Bank and the green revolution method has been considering agriculture purely as a technical process and the production can be optimized if everyone had planted high yield variety seeds. There was a view point that religion was glue that made the Balinese farmer unite together which was not correct and dismissed by the bank officials.( John Stephen Lansing, William C. (FRW) Clark ,2007) The priests were found to be against the green revolution in the form of improved irrigation system due to the fact that the authority was getting less. The Bali irrigation project has been found to be encouraging new system of farming. The bank and the government had spend about 24 million dollars to develop HYV in the area of Bali and it had helped in building larger dams and canals in watershed that were selected for the specific purpose .The new rice varieties were able to grow faster due to the Bali irrigation project and it was instrumental in reaching self sufficiency. That had helped also in continuous production and that had increased the output which was the desired goal. The Bali irrigation project has been seen as supporting the surrounding ecosystem and the irrigation of water. The green revolution has helped to change the relevant social organization of irrigation. The farmers were not reluctant to get back to HYV when they returned back to temple irrigation system shows the strength of the green revolution. Tourism should be meeting the demand of the consumer to grow and tourism has been seen as changing the economy. It has been estimated that more than 2.5 million tourists spend time in Bali in the year 1992.The transportation and the communication sector and the hotels had recorded positive growth. The fashion has been created and produced in Bali not only for Indonesian but also keeping in mind the overseas market. It has been estimated that tourism has been contributing to the economy and it has been estimated that the share had reached 7.8% in the 90s.The overall contribution of tourism to the other sectors can be understood by the fact that the fruit and vegetable consumption to tourist produce has been increasing and there is hardly a branch of economy that has been affected by the tourism growth in the positive manner. Tourism has been large employment producer in the Bali area. There were improvement in high level accommodation in the form of four star and five star were developed and the low level tourists were also given cheap accommodation or budget accommodation. Only .7% of the total area has been ear marked for tourism development and t he tourism promotion in the form of cheaper accommodation has meant that there marked improvement in the villages. Tourist trade can strengthen the local traditions also. The traditional roles like stonemasons, woodcarvers, musicians and dancers have been strengthened due to growth in tourism. The individuals, groups have been given additional income. Tourism has been found to strengthen the economy of Bali. Tourism has been found to be helping the export of handicraft goods and garment goods. The clothing industry has grown leap bound because of the tourism and the fashion has been determined by the fact that the clothing design has been made keeping in mind of global context. The advantage of the tourism has been found to be direct and indirect effect of employment as one eleventh of population. Cheap tourist accommodation has been found in the village of Candi Dasa,Lovina,Ubud,Kuta and Legion region.That has been developed into secondary tourist areas. There has been concept of guest lodging that has been found in family compounds. The construction and catering of the guest are entrusted with the Balinese people. Dances that are not sacred are allowed to be performed in hotels and that has attracted the tourists. Holiday makers has been seen as preferring the shorter form of dances and that has been found to be little different from the folk dances in the western evenings. Conclusion In this essay it has been shown through various points that development should be there but it should not ignore the modern values all together. This has been highlighted in this essay taking two cases .The first one that was put to major discussion using the first two points were the green revolution in Bali and the third point was tourism in Bali. The industries that were put under scanner can be termed as tourism and agriculture. In this essay, the matter was presented using the published information and the facts clearly point out that the hypothesis has been strengthened. There has been a situation in green revolution and in tourism where the hypothesis won like the increased production and increased monetary value through tourism. Reference Dias,1977,selective adoption as strategy for agricultural development, lessons from adoption in Sri Lanka in green revolution, edited by Farmer,pp.54-84. Jeffrey Harris Cohen, Norbert Dannhaeuser,2002, "Pest Management",Economic development ,pp.88-96 John Stephen Lansing, William C. (FRW) Clark ,2007,"The green revolution",Priests and Programmers ,pp.112-136. Lansing 1987,”Balinese water temples and the management of irrigation”, American Anthropology,Vol 89,pp.326-341. Marguerite S. Robinson,2002,"The green revolution”, The Microfinance Revolution: Lessons from Indonesia By pp.90 Read More