Law Essays

Mutually, both these policies have major returns and drawbacks. Absolute modernization, in all probability the primary best resolution, is time and again sterile by commanding the local interests. The formation of particular, more inadequate societies can regularly be a fine second top most way out.

"Particular jurisprudence is concerned with the fundamental assumptions of one legal system, whereas general jurisprudence covers a wider field" (Cross and Harris, 1992, p.2). Many a legal theorists and commentators have agreed upon the view that the sophistication of the English legal system cannot be understood without grasping the centrality of the doctrine of judicial precedent in it.

The definition of a prison is 'A building for confinement of persons sentenced or awaiting trial for crime; a place of captivity'. The definition may seem rather self-explanatory and overt, but there are many a crucial details behind that particularly blunt phrase.

The Wedding Cake Model is a way to differentiate between different types of cases.The top layer consists of celebrated cases,the ones that are in the news and on television,usually because they are rare cases.The second layer includes serious felonies, such as murder and rape.

In the light of this, civil society organizations being fully aware of how the possession of information in the citadel of political institutions has created ineffective imbalances between the political elite and the citizenry took up a massive campaign to reverse the trend.

As the offences and punishments are on the increase from year to year, the authorities have to allocate more funds to meet the increased expenses and mounting problems of prisoners. Prisons in the present day face a number of problems of which overcrowding has become a serious issue.

"'Prudentia,' meaning "knowledge" in Latin, translates directly to English as "prudence." The native English word is "wisdom," which also originally meant "knowledge." In either case, one behaves prudently or wisely because one has knowledge of the possible consequences of a particular action", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurisprudence

It is unlawful for an employer to discriminate against a potential employee on the grounds of race, colour, nationality, or ethnic or national origins, which the Act calls collectively 'racial grounds'.

Changing the surname of a child is being done as a "result of divorce" ("Changing the child's surname") of the parents or to correct paternity fraud. In cases of paternity fraud, there are many potential victims. This includes the man defrauded, the biological father who is deprived of his paternal relationship and most of all, the child who was deprived of a relationship with his biological father.

Situations like these render requirement of consideration in a contract a very essential one for determination of its validity. One of the ingredients of a contact is consideration. Generally promise is enforceable when consideration is present for only then are parties to the contract are understood have intended to create legal relationship amongst themselves.

“Today, we are taking historic action to defend the US and protect our citizens against the dangers of a new era. With my signature, this act of Congress will create a new Department of Homeland Security, ensuring that our efforts to defend this country are comprehensive and united,” said President Bush.

Today, such is the role that diplomats undertake. No longer are they but messengers, diplomats have also become essential in representing a sovereign state on foreign territory. Based on the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, diplomats are then to be given privileges primarily with regards to exemption over certain criminal sanctions of the receiving country.

These current issues have been discussed and implemented into the structure of this literary research. Also, there are a myriad of reasons why those in a binding contract seek to come to an agreement over their concerns through arbitration. These reasons could be: confidentiality, speed, enforceability of arbitrary awards, and in how easy it is to reduce any uncertainties when making a choice of an arbitrator and a forum (Wenger 2003-2004).

; E) Understanding of the policies and procedures involved in the City's operations and the pertinent legislation relating to real property, subdivision development, expropriations, and street openings and closings; and F) Comprehensive knowledge acquired practicing as a Professional Land Surveyor pertaining to legal surveys, plan preparation and legal principles affecting ownership." 1

In context with the 'Maritime Externalities' we mean those costs that take place in terms of 'losses' to the general public. In other words 'maritime externalities' act like a threat to the people and global environment. Health: Marine pollution is not new.

These occurred between the years of 2001-2002 but the criminal acts went on years before hand. Some of those involved in this scandal included: World Com, Global Crossing, Adelphia, and Tyco (Friedrich 2004). The best possible way to develop an understanding of these crimes is through utilizing a specific criminological theory to define them (Friedrich 2004).

This essay discusses the above and also whether harmonization will enable legal institutions to progress. In 1966 the General Assembly of the UN established the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Its purpose was to advance the harmonization and unification of the law of international trade.

However there have been policy grounds which have been used as a basis of decision by the courts. The structure of negligence is based on flexibility, but as it has been seen that the evolution of the tort was not quite favoured by the courts and so in recent years there have been restrictions placed on its scope.

The issue that we had considered for evaluation was related to prostitution, which is a taboo in every civilized society and it is thought to be a very immoral thing to do but since this topic was of immense interest to the whole group because it was nothing short of a challenge to tackle this topic.

Looking at the facts and circumstances underlying the case of Tom and Pete Soil manufacturers of gardening equipment, which they introduced in spring 2006, they have a right to prevent their competitors FR and ED and Salisbury supermarkets by inventing and selling the product.

The author states that fraud detection software and security patches can barely outpace the criminals who are constantly in search of a vulnerability to exploit. Firewalls, password technology, and biometric devices all contribute to making the personal data that is available on the Internet more secure.

For one to be held responsible for violation of the tort law, the claimant must establish that there is a duty of care and this duty has been breached to cause damage or loss to the claimant that needs to be compensated by an award of damages. There is a breach of the duty of care principle if the defendant is proven to have failed to do what a reasonable person will do in the situation presented (Polinsky & Shavell, 1994).

When a case is decided by a judge then his decision and the basis of the case becomes a precedent which other courts follow while deciding a case which is similar in nature. The systems of rules of Common law is dependent more on judicial decisions and less on civil law systems which in turn is dependent mainly on written laws and statutes.

When we trace the Common Law of twelfth century England, it is obvious that jurisprudence in the UK has come a long way over the course of time. One historical account which we found in a piece from Historical Framework, titled “debt”, describes the law as that of relational obligations. The law at this time was normative.

(Wikipedia) This paper attempts to find out when the first world court was formed, and whether these courts are made impotent because their judgments lack binding authority. The paper will also discuss what advisory opinions are, and try to find out the procedural differences between the world court and the courts in the United States.

One largely ignores the fact that not half a century ago that what was mostly a divided and warring section of Mediterranean countries like Greece,Spain and Portugal is now today an integrated and peaceful Europe and the European integration project in which Turkey wants to join, has brought Europe together into a cohesive whole creating a 'security community' within an ever growing community where there is a "democratic peace".

The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 provided for the creation of a Health and Safety Commission (HSC) and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the continuation of the Employment Medical Advisory Service. The Commission came into being on 1 October 1974 and appointed the Health and Safety Executive on 1 January 1975.

Public bureaucracy in America has deeply sunk due to its influence and origin in the early practice. According to Henry (8), the earliest type of public bureaucracy was practiced by the Native Americans who lived with the European settlers for centuries and they formed their own constitution that included Indian images of liberty with their civil policy which included being reluctant to concentration of power to one person.

This paper, however, deters from this point of view. Does discrimination still exist? We proclaim our world to be moving towards egalitarianism and see affirmative action as a hurdle to providing equal opportunities to all. However, every time a woman is harassed at her workplace by her male superiors, every time an Asian is beaten up because he wears a turban and looks much like the terrorist on the telly, every time a black person is assumed to be a gun-toting menace to society, discrimination happens.

One such law was the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, often referred to as the Arizona SB 1070. It was introduced into Arizona Senate and later signed into law by Governor Jan Brewer on April 23, 2010. Magana, L. Latino Politics and International Relations: The Case of Arizona's Immigration Law SB 1070 (Springer, 2012).

This is because the role of the victim can shape, influence fate and motivate a criminal. A number of theories today explain the causes of victimization and victimization itself. This paper seeks to explain three of those theories: Victim Precipitation Theory, Differential Association Theory and Labeling Theory.

After the September 11 attacks on the world trade center, this term has taken a whole new understanding and its recognition has led it to become a brand name used interchangeably with the terrorist organization. More often, the word is ‘terror’ is used to describe the looming global security threat crisis.

While there was physical injury or battery, I will not counsel Bill to file a criminal action against Alex because there was no malicious intent on the part of the latter when she hit Bill albeit Alex is still civilly liable under the principles of the law on torts.

Naturally, Edward and the others would want an equal distribution of the whole estate, including the three new properties, believing the properties were bought with their parent's money; they should each receive an equal share. Nancy, on the other hand, as joint tenant and manager of the farm for the past ten years would believe that she deserves more than an equal share given her non-financial contributions to the property, and her role as caregiver for her mother.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the Freedom of Speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances

In response, the Union attempted to regain order in the Confederate states during the Reconstruction era. The ex-slave states were divided into 5 military districts by the Reconstruction Act of 1867 and an assistant commissioner was appointed to each district. (McElrath 2008 Afroamhistory.about.com)

Friedman M.R (2004). The contract is normally formed by letters between the solicitors on behalf of each of the seller and purchaser, called missives. Once all the terms of the contract are agreed, the missives are said to be concluded, and there is then a binding contract for the sale of the property.

This paper will investigate both legal venues and allow the reader to interpret their own opinion through he compiled research. To begin this research correctly, a proper definition of a "homestead exemption" law or clause needs to be addressed. What a homestead clause is, in actuality, is a legally protective clause that offers exemption from creditors for a least a partial amount of value of the homestead (Texas Politics).

The rule-of-law topic is a very serious business to think about with the right frame of mind. We should be deeply concerned about the actualization of a true rule of law in our world as a global society where diversity and tolerance are key points in our everyday agendas.

The defendants Andrew and Susan Findlay were identified as the care takers of the horse. The defendants bred the horse which caused accident and other two horses at about a mile distance from the place where the accident occurred. On the night of accident, all the three horses, broke away their surrounding fencing and fled away across the vegetation.

(Ashworth, 2005, p. 31). The informal sources of law include judicial decisions, precedents and the opinion of the jury. The informal sources of law have no written documentation. It also includes the existing customs of a country and opinions of some institutional writers.

Public policy refers to a definite governing principle which the community as a whole has already adopted either formally by law or tacitly by the general course of practice. Notions of public policy are not fixed by vary over time with the state and development of society and the conditions within the society. 

However by 2005, Boney Tare suggested that he had been wrong about WMD at Mespotistan and by then resistant forces were already attacking the British Army several times in a day. The insurgency became more violent since 2005 and civilians and soldiers died with breaches of human rights alleged against British forces.

The United Nations was created in 1945 with an aim of bringing harmony to the world through taking a common approach to many of the problems that the world was facing. The United Nation has been one for the most important bodies in the world that have worked to ensure that there is peace and tranquility in the world.

In the list of cases enumerated, only the appeal of a 5th district court regarding the right of Texas high school students to recite prayers over the school's PA system falls within the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals. While the case involving an appeal of a decision by a court martial must be heard by an appellate court, it falls within the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, a special appeals court that falls within military jurisdiction and hears cases under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (10 USC 941, 942).

The difficulty with the distinction between fixtures and chattels is that it rests on a factual basis and, although basic principles have been established and can be applied, there are numerous cases which have been decided on their own individual facts. There are also some Latin maxims on the loose here despite attempts to modernise the law.

George Schnopps shot his wife on October 19 1979 after six months of strained relations. The defendant and his wife had been married for fourteen years. On a night out with his wife to a club, Mrs. Schnopps had spent the entire evening dancing with a co-worker of the defendant. This sparked an argument between the defendant and his wife.

The register of the title is broadly intended to operate as a mirror, reflecting the potential disponee (and to any other interested person) the totality of the proprietary benefits and burdens which currently affect the land`. Illustrating with decided cases, consider the extent to which overriding interests detract from this fundamental principle.

However, the fact that B contracted directly with the carrier, C, and the damage occurred during transport, changes the situation and passage of risk, as implied by S, is applicable here. B contracted directly with C and while this does not necessarily establish passage of risk, in this particular case it does.

Under Section 1 of the 1949 Act the following could be registered and thus protected: The exact definition of "eye appeal" has been litigated over the years in a number of cases, perhaps most importantly in Amp Inc. v. Utilux Limited [1972] RPC 103. In this case, the House of Lords considered the meaning of the phrase "appeal to and judged by the eye" in the context of an electrical terminal chip that was used inside a washing machine.