Effects of Managerialism on Youth Justice - Assignment Example

Effects of managerialism on youth justice Tutor: College: Course: Date Executive summary Managerialism is mainly concerned with the individual’s reforms that will be brought about by having the necessary training s and punishments that will help instill the policies that will advocate for more connection, coherence and efficiency in the public sectors. Currently the Local Government Association (LGA) is trying to analyze the impact of managerialism in the youth justice system. The following report critically looks at the effects of some voices from explorers and experts on the current youth policy and research and how their great participation can be measured within the youth justice system. From their findings they concluded that there is no proper link to prove that participation in the youth justice will eventually bring about positive outcomes in the youth justice. This would have meant that there would have been a great reduction in the number of first time entrants and in turn this would have reduced the number of people guilty of crime. The research also suggested that more young people needed to be more involved in effective works in the country and generally reduce crime in the country (Blair 2011). There are a number of offenses that are present in a young man’s life and they include substance abuse, neglect, homeliness and neglect among others. These critical problems are addressed by the creation of employment and proper education. Table of Content Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 Planning and effectiveness in the youth justice sector 7 3.0 The public service Agreements and their effects to the youth justice sector 8 4.0 Innovation how it affected the youth justice sector 9 5.0 Collaboration and its impact to youth justice 10 6.0 Collaboration and its impact to youth justice 10 Conclusion 12 1.0 Introduction The new public management is the main route through which the current problem facing the youth justice can be pivoted. Sometimes in the late 1990, the failures that were identified in order to clear the ground for youth crime and the custody rates. The policy that was identified was more concerned with addressing the risks that the youth justice was exposed to rather than the causes of the youth crime (Clarke 2000). Through the multiagency partnership the introduction of the broader spectrum ensured that there was a traditional means that was created to deal with the young offenders. These offenders were not only looked at as being criminals but also having faults in other sectors of their life like their education, health employment and also the way they were able to manage their homes (Gordon 2007). The policy tried to cover all areas and avoid being biased to only handling the crime control but also trying to get to the bottom of the social exclusion and the anti social behavior that was prevalent among the youth. It is important for the participatory approach to be emphasized because it helps the youth justice to improve its effectiveness as well as its future impacts. The participation of the youth is a process where they will be expected to be able influence change and through this they are able to make decisions that help them make their lives better. According to experts participation is a natural approach to the youth justice that aims at ensuring that aims at reducing a young person’s chances of re offending (Blair 2011). There are four main ways in which the young people can participate in the youth justice system the young people can be victims. Witnesses, perpetrators or even considered to be at risk of committing anti-social behavior and other criminal offenses (Hudges 2002). Managerialism causes great effectiveness in youth justice which can be measure in three outcomes which includes first time entrants, reducing the cases of offending and finally incorporating a lot of understanding and practice into the participatory approaches. The desired results are mostly achieved through the collaboration of the young people and the adults that they associate with. And in this way the needs of the young ones are placed at a central place. In the recent years there have been a lot of researches that have been going on shows that there have been inadequate studies that have been devoted to this particular subject matter (John 2009). According to a recent report by the national Audit office, the relevant annual cost that relates to youth crime and various antisocial behavior, it is possible to rule out that the offenses committed by these young people have been costing the government’s economy a lot of funds which could have otherwise been used in other activities. The independent commission constantly reminds us that at one time or the other; the young people have been getting into trouble with the law at least one time or the other in the course of their lives. The criminal behavior mostly starts to appear between the age of 14 and 18 years when these youths get exposed to more people and circumstances that eventually influences their behaviors. Most of these crime levels seemed to be on the increase between the year 1950 and 1990s when more young offenders continue to commit these crimes. Young people receive more serious crimes sentences but in the recent past there have been some major improvements since the volume of the reoffending young individuals is going down. According to John Muncie he argued that it always made sense to talk of youth justice as being well developed in the sense that it brought out corporate strategy. Youth justice involved a lot of decision making and greater sentencing as a way of punishing the wrong doers and to also try and reduce this problem, the policy was controlled by the non judicial agencies (Hudges 2002).This whole process helped to deliver a more cost effective managerial way of dealing with the ever increasing population. The local community based agencies tried to emphasize the importance of having to persuade the magistrate not to pass very hard judgments to the offenders. In order to have great workmanship in the public sectors, there was need to change the persistent culture so that the different services would be delivered in a spirit of genuine co-operation. Working in a partnership is very recommendable and for those who appreciate the idea, they always end up achieving great results in whatever sector they are working in. There is a great emphasis on the performance management to be able to provide a very organized and focused partnership that will work hand in hand to deliver the best in the public sector. The leadership styles in these sectors should be very focused on achieving results only from their set guidelines and priorities without wavering around (Blair 2011). A good leader is one who has a lot of charisma and a great personality and has a strong will to make things happen. This leader should practice the macho management style and a Machiavellian reputation to be able to increase the chances of transforming the public sector with a lot of collaboration and cooperation. It is very important to work together in order to co-ordinate all the efforts and the resources that are available. This achievement requires the leadership role that will aim at shaping and influencing the partnership towards the right results rather than being manipulative and dominant. The type of management development program aims at improving the people’s management skills as well as helping the managers’ gain enough insight to modulate their behaviors. This type of leadership works very well to model the type of management behavior that should be encouraged around the organization and in this way executive coaching is availed. In the organization, there are some smaller partners who are able to enjoy the benefits of the increased opportunities and the more significant partners get exposed to a wider perspective of networking between the organizations at all the management levels and they are able to recognize the value of the build relationship. The new labor includes modernization which involved a series of new reforms and programs to be able to be up to standard with the government and the public services. In this regard there were a number of themes that had to be given priority and they included establishing the best values, partnership, public consultation and democratic renewal. It was also important to have a number of policy shifts for a great managerialism in the youth justice sector. 2.0 Planning and effectiveness in the youth justice sector For effectiveness to be prevalent, it is important for the practitioners to be able to implement the long term goals and try their best to act beyond their confines of risk and the protective frameworks of the reality that the young people are experiencing. These practitioners will also be able to communicate with these young offenders and know exactly what remains to be the grass root problem. The first step for these leaders is to ensure that they develop a very good relationship with the youths so that they will be able to persuade them to give them very direct and honest answers that will help them in their research. The practitioners are able to form a very productive and effective working relationship with their clients. The issue of clarity and openness concerning the issues on shared ownerships and the understanding of the rules that have been laid out to be followed. The relationship factor is very important among other correlation practices so that the programs delivered to the young offender to be effective and to give better outcomes. In a working institution, these factors are nurtured in conducive environment of open, warm and an enthusiastic communication. The participatory approach is also very necessary in the work condition because it is able to reduce the cases of reoffending youngsters and therefore bringing out great results in reducing the crime rates (Blair 2011). In spite of the efforts made by this approach, it is impossible to rule out the fact that there are other factors that contribute to the offenses committed by this young person who could either be in the past or in the present. In some instances this youngster has been exposed to substance misuse and abuse which directly affects the behavior of these individuals. In case the child had faced neglect at one time of their life, they are also, likely to exhibit very negative behaviors that could later make them engage in crime as a way of trying to search for more comfort. 3.0 The public service Agreements and their effects to the youth justice sector To support this labor policy, there was the introduction of the three year spending plans for the public services according to the public services in accordance to the long term goals that had earlier been set. According to the first report that was published in 1996 by the Audit commission, they had analyzed that the public services which included the police, legal aids, the courts, the probation, social services and the prison spent a lot of funds that had been allocated to them as a way of trying to rehabilitate the young offenders (Hudges 2002). Most of this money was considered to have been wasted as it could have been put to other uses. Most of this money was taken up by very ineffective court procedures (Elizabeth 2007). According to the agreement, it was advisable to divert the resources and make them to be used in a more productive and preventive measures. The report also came up with a recommendation that at least a fifth of the young offenders from the courts without considering the weight of their crimes but enroll them in rehabilitating programs like the Northampton shire’s Mediation and Reparation schemes. This kind of agreement led to the reduction of the total funds that were being used up in these court proceedings. This was a good way of working towards achieving the long term goals. 4.0 Innovation how it affected the youth justice sector In the effort to bring out modernization to the youth justice, labor decided to bring in the flexible and innovative work. To be able to perfect this, there was the need to perfect the ‘best values’ which included looking keenly at the challenges that are facing the challenges that are affecting the young people and how this can be rectified (Danuiel, 2007). It was also considered a very good value to compare all the other public services that were being provided to the citizens and identify the ones where improvement was very necessary (John, 2009). After the comparison, it was also necessary to come up with the best competing strategy that would be fit and prove most innovative that all the other services. This was supposed to be based on the assessment tables of performance. The last of these values is to do all the necessary consultations with the local taxpayers, the local businesses and the service users. The set goals were very efficient and very effective giving the individuals a new authority to make out new rulings. Some of these social were the police so that they could review their services. Considering the performance police critique, it is evident that the police generate the crime statistics and in this way they are considered to be economical with the truth. The police force is also very discrete and they also record the minor law crimes in order to give the impression that the crime rates are going higher. 5.0 Collaboration and its impact to youth justice Collaboration entailed the community joining hands and working together to fight crime among the young offenders. The governments and all other agencies work in partnership with each other, in the effort to make the crime rates go down. This partnership worked for both the private and the voluntary organizations (John, 2009). The main aim of collaborating was to show that both the individuals and the community at large had to share the responsibility of dealing with crime. Performance culture was one major hindrance to effective collaboration and partnership. According to the current system that deals with youth crimes are considered inefficient and expensive to deal with juvenile nuisance. Despite all the collaborative efforts being put forward, the young people are failing because they do not seem to co operate or even to do any constructive activities. 6.0 Similarities between NPM (New Public Management) and new modernization project The major elements that are very dominant in the two projects include the value for money and the use of various performance management frameworks to be able to measure the achievements. In the case of the youth justice, the commission had a priority that was diverted and this was because on one hand, he was interested in the money that was being generated by the crime cases and on the other hand his priority was highlighted by the lack of formal procedures (Hughes, 2002). They are both focused on the making sure that they perform their best and this as to ensure that they were very efficient. In both projects, most of their agendas were usually wet out on basis of CDA 1998 which was the crime disorder and reduction strategy. The main objectives that were put forward in these strategies would be to advocate for the development of multi-agencies that would focus on educating the youths on other gainful activities that they could engage in, rather than the crimes. These agencies were expected to collaborate with the parents of these children so that they would assist in monitoring the behavior changes of these individuals (John, 2009). The same sort of partnership was required to exist between the agencies and the schools and the health centers to be able to offer all the necessary help to the young offenders. The agencies were also working hand in hand with the social services especially the police to bring back a sense of discipline in these young offenders (Rudolph 2007). The police department is expected to undergo a review process after every five years to ensure that they have been following the 4c’s which stood for Comparison, Challenges and Competence. They also aimed at educating these youngsters on the best ways to live in order to avoid getting into trouble with the law. In all these efforts the government was trying to eliminate the anti-social disorders, street crimes, all the violent crimes like burglary as well as the most serious crimes that were always very well organized (Clarke 2000). This whole situation helped to lower the number of offenders brought to justice and hence less time and money spent on these cases. There were some difficulties that were encountered in the implementation of the New Public Management which made the whole project ineffective for bringing forth the desired results in youth justice. There was coal dispute that caused inner city disturbances that made it difficult for the police to be able to attend to their duties effectively (Peter 2008).It has also become completely difficult to carry out the measures and compare the performances in various work forces where these policemen were posted. The policemen were also involved in very diverse roles where they were expected to prevent any crimes from being committed, detecting any crimes that are expected to happen in the near future and maintaining order in the country to ensure that the law is enforced. With all these responsibilities waiting to be fulfilled by the police force, it becomes very difficult to have to put up with the management demands. In addition to this particular challenge there were other risky conditions that led to a still rising number of crimes from the young offenders. Some of these problems included lack of parental supervision which gave the individuals a chance to commit more of these crimes. Truancy and lack of a stable home or even chances that exposed the youths to drugs were also among some factors that hindered the progress of the management of this problem (Muncie and Hughes 2002). Efficient practices were provided through the proper media of communication that would suit the young adults. Generally, the new managerialism project in youth justice provided several benefits especially in making efforts to identify the risk conditions rather than the causes of youth crimes (Vanessa 2009). The various agency groups that were established worked in partnership to provide the necessary measures that prevented the young people from committing more crimes. Conclusion In conclusion, it is very clear that most of these developments led to a lot of inhuman acts of the youths were becoming more and more extinct and it makes the work of the youth justice to only become an easy task to perform. The successes of these management projects are mostly measured mostly through what is achieved. References Blair McPherson,(2011), Only leaders can change the culture; history,London Clarke, J., Gewirtz, S. and McLaughlin, E (Eds) (2000) New Managerialism: New Welfare? London: Sage Danuiel Gilling, (2007), Crime reduction and community safety: Labor and the politics of local crime control, Willan Publishing. Elizabeth Burney, (2009), making people behave; Anti-Social Behavior, Politics and Policy, Willan Publishing Gordon Hudges, (2007), the politics of crime and community, Palgrave Macmillan Hughes, G., McLaughlin, E., and Muncie, J. (Eds) (2002) Crime Prevention and Community Safety: New Directions. London: Sage (Chapter 16). John Muncie, (2009), Youth and Crime, Sage Publishers, UK Peter Squires, (2008), ASBO Nation; the criminalization of nuisance, The Policy Press, USA Rudolph J. Gerber, John M. Johnson, (2007), the Top Ten Death Penalty Myths: The Politics of Crime Control, Praeger Publishers, United States Vanessa Barker, (2009), Studies in Crime & Public Policy, Oxford University Press, USA Read More