Use of Theory and Methods in Relation to the Expansion of Criminological Knowledge and Understanding - Essay Example

Using examples from Phil Scranton's work assess his use of theory and methods in relation to the expansion of criminological knowledge and understanding Criminology focuses on the behavior which violates the criminal law. The study of laws and its main principals and foundations tells us how and in what ways a crime has been done and what the main areas upon which work can be done to reduce the level of that particular crime are. Criminology knowledge is termed as important with the help of which one can easily know what is good and what is bad, how things should be handled and how the work should be done to generate well oriented outcomes. One of the most important elements is why different laws have been passed to let others know what is good and what is bad and how things should be done. Criminology is a body of knowledge with the help of which one can know what the rules, policies and regulations of a particular area are, how things should be handled while following all the rules and regulations and how the work should be done. There are certain acts which are illegal and unlawful and with the help of which country or any place can face a lot of problems. There are three principle divisions of crime which are mentioned as under: (Harrison, 2005: 200) 1. The sociology of law. This tells us the terms and conditions on the basis of which work should be done in an affective manner according to the justice. 2. Criminal etiology. It means a type of attempt at any scientific analysis in order to know what the causes of crimes are. 3. Penology. It means how to control the crime. These three above mentioned principles are important and help the crime be easily detected and resolved in order to reduce the level of that particular crime. First, if we take the sociology of the law, it tells us in detail what the laws, principles and conditions upon which our country or area is resting are. The second most important element is criminal etiology. Scientific analysis based on criminals and crime is termed as criminal etiology. And the third one is termed as penology. It means how to control and manage any kind of crime. These all three element or principles are termed as the important elements as due to them the crime can be control in an effective manner and one can lead a successful live. Among all these three, penology is important as it guides us how to manage or control the crime. Crime can be controlled in different ways, only the main aim is to control that particular crime. (Siegel, 2008: 633) Criminology is one of the broadest senses and means how to do work in an effective manner. The study of criminology is one of an effective study; one can learn many different ways while studying this vast subject and learn how to control crime and its different areas. By studying its different areas, one can easily distinguish how crime is done and controlled. While studying criminology, one can know and can grab as much knowledge as he or she wants regarding the study based on crime and the connection between the crime and that person who can commit that particular crime. To study this above mentioned connection is an important area and one should study it with full zeal and zest in order to get awareness about it. Getting awareness and knowledge related to the crime and that particular person who has commit that crime is a vast and an important area and it should be done in an effective and well maintained manner. The study of crime, as mentioned above, is a vast area and it should be studied in an appropriate manner. (Lanier, 2004: 430) Phil Scranton’s work is the most important and revealing work which tells us how to deal with all the crime related issues and crime based matters in order to generate well oriented outcomes. He did a lot of work in this field and in the end grabbed a lot of knowledge. His working, researches, theories and many other things were completely based on crime related issues. He only wanted to depict the main as well as important ideas with the help of which one can generate well oriented outcomes. There are many different examples which are related to his work and theories which are related to crime and study of crime. His main motive was to make people think, he also wanted to give as much knowledge as he could to every person related to the study of crime, so that one can easily generate well oriented and effective outcomes and save his or her area from any kind of crime. (Joy, 1992: 138) Penology is an important area which is related to crime and it should be studied in an effective manner. Phil Scranton was the one who made us believe and think about all the crime related methods with the help of which we can save our nation and save every entity from any kind of crime. As a matter of fact, people are still unaware of different kinds of crime. Phil Scranton made them realize about crime by depicting various examples with the help of which they can learn more and can get as much knowledge as they can regarding to the crime and its various methods and systems. Study of criminology important and with the help of it one can easily know and understand how to identify a crime, how to react against it, how to control it, etc. Phil Scranton worked a lot in this field and depicted numerous examples with the help of which one can easily know how to control the crime and reduce the level of crime. There are many different examples which are related to the work of Phil Scranton, describing the main issues related to criminology and different measures with the help of which work can be done in an effective manner to reduce the crime rate. As mentioned earlier there are numerous theories of Phil Scranton based on criminology. These theories depict the nature of the work, how work is being done, what its rules and regulations are, what the procedures are and how it should be studied in order to generate better outcomes. Work of Phil Scranton is entirely based on the theories, implications and processes with the help of which people actually came to know what criminology is, how it performs, what the policies and procedures are and how it should be well maintained to generate enhanced results. Study of criminology is based on various aspects. Some of them are as mentioned below: people should first try to think the implications of criminology; they should know what is the law and what they are doing. He has defined different examples in which different relations have been depicted with the help of which one can know how to react, perform and behave. Enhancing knowledge related to criminology and working accordingly is a better way and it can make every one safe and secure. (Chall, 1992: 138) There are different theories and terminologies of criminology which are mentioned as under: Classical theory Positivist theory Individual trait Social disorganization These above mentioned theories are termed as important and can generate better outcomes and results. Classical theory: this theory occurs when the benefits outweigh the overall costs, when people actually pursue the self interest in the absence of any kind of effective punishments. Crime is thus termed as a free willed choice. (Lloyd, 1999: 141) Positivist theory: in this kind of theory, crime is more determined. Phil Scranton also placed much more emphasis on all the biological deficiencies, whereas all the other writers do emphasize on the sociological as well as psychological factors. In this type of theory, one can use science to determine all the factors which are associated with the crime. Individual Trait: in this type of trait, criminals usually differ themselves from the non criminals on the basis of various psychological as well as biological traits. These traits cause crime interaction with the overall social environment. Social disorganization: the disorganized communities usually cause crime because of different social control systems and also due to the criminal cultures. In this, there is a situation where people lack the collective efficacy to fight crime and disorder. (Williams, 1992: 1356) These above mentioned theories are part of Phil Scranton’s work which depicts the importance as well as significance of his work and it tells us in detail how to deal with different types of crime. Along with these theories, there are many other various theories which tell us how to deal with the particular crime, how to handle it and how to expand the knowledge as well as the awareness regarding the crime. (Scranton, 1903: 1432) Criminological theories are also termed as the complementary theories as compared to the standalone based concepts. Theories like rational choice or deterrence and opportunity theory can be easily employed in the conjunction with one another to challenge, also to build upon and in the end to affirm as well as to contradict every single aspect. Where ever there is a gap between one and the other theory, it leads to great misunderstandings and thus creating more problems. The criminal based behavior is not simple it is more complex and should be handled with care in order to have a better place to live which is safer and more secure. (Schafer, 1969: 335) Apart from all the above mentioned theories, one of the most important theory is termed as the rational choice theory. Rational choice theory depicts that people usually have the choice or freedom to choose what particular behaviors they are engaged in, and are they making their own choices on the basis of the rational theory in the light of political theories. Rational theory also tells us how one society gains benefit as compared to the other one. Phil Scranton also described this main as well as an important phenomenon to expand the knowledge and also to make people feel how to work and live in a better place without any crime based actions and theories. Expansion of criminology is also done by various examples and techniques as depicted by Phil Scranton to generate well oriented outcomes. Most of us don't know the real concept behind criminology study. This study is here to provide us every detail related to the crime so that we can expand our knowledge and live in a better situation. While using rational theories, one should also know what the political views are and how they are related to the criminal view, whether it is based on criminology view or not. These concepts should be made very clear in our mind in order to generate well oriented outcomes and well effective results. (Schafer, 1969: 335) Criminology provides an insight into the crime and also a deep thinking as well as knowledge to determine why and how people act in deviant as well as different ways. The study of criminology, as mentioned above, is a vast field of study which should be measured in an effective manner to generate well oriented outcomes. The study of crime which is also termed as criminology is depicted by many different scholars or writers who know what it is, and how it works. Various examples also show us an interactive way with the help of which we can generate well oriented outcomes. Study of crime, which is also termed as criminology, is a difficult area and it should be studied in a careful manner. Carefully measurement, analysis of every single aspect, measuring the cause and effect situation, finding the results and then concluding is an important element which should be handled with care. This vast study also depicts the importance as well as the significance of the study of crime which tells us the main as well as important areas which are related to the criminology, in order to find out the best results. All the theories mentioned above along with the rational theory which is directly related to the crime study are important, and they all should be taken into an account in order to realize the actual value and outputs. Apart from all the above discussion, one important element is the fast growing development of criminology in this new world which is directly or indirectly related to the history of the world. Development of criminology is an important issue which should be considered an important one in order to generate well oriented outcomes as well as well effective results. The development is a phase which makes this study more intellectual as well as important, in order to reduce the level of crime and also to increase the awareness related to crime. People are still unaware of the importance of this study, they should be taught in an appropriate manner to deal with every case. Phil Scranton, one of the most well known and famous professor and scholar, well described the importance of this vast study by various examples and he also taught it in an interactive way. People actually want to know how to deal with all the crime based areas. His examples and theories are very interesting. As his examples, along with the theories, are mentioned above, one can easily know how to deal and make a situation better. Expansion of knowledge related to criminology is an important area which should not be ignored. Phil Scranton's main aim was to make his study vast with the help of which one can easily know how to study and behave along with all the crime based actions. (Schafer, 1969: 335) The development of criminology is an important area which should be handled properly. With the help of the development of criminology, one can easily know how to perform, deal and make situation better. There are various aims and objective of the study of criminology which are mentioned as under: To gain more efficiency in the field of criminology. To understand the main aim or objective of diversity as well as human experience in the study of criminal based justice. To develop the skills in critical thinking, in order to critically analyze the after affects. To gain knowledge related to ethics, values and morals in the field of the criminal based justice or criminology. All these above mentioned aims or objectives are very important in the field of criminology. If these objectives are achieved in an appropriate manner then only the work can be done in an effective way and in the end the outcomes will be positive, otherwise one has to face a lot of harm and failure. Criminology is a study which can generate awareness among people, can make people aware of different areas with the help of which they can make right decisions. Phil Scranton also demonstrates this main as well as an important phenomenon in an innovative manner and thus enhances the knowledge of crime in every single person. Understanding of criminology is an important element which should be handled with care and every person should have this understanding in order to generate well oriented outcomes. Achieving all the objectives and following all the theories at right place and right time is an important task which should be done in a right time. As mentioned above, criminology is the study of crime and how we as a single entity or a society react to it. Now it is our job to understand the concept or meaning of criminology and also to make it in our understandings and thus implementing the right decisions at the right time. Study of criminology should be done in an appropriate manner to generate appropriate outcomes. If one has well effective understanding of criminology, then he or she can lead the justice world in an appropriate manner and can also generate well effective outcomes. People should learn and understand it and in the end should implement it in a right way as well as in a right direction without making any mistakes or creating problems. (Schafer, 1969: 335) Phil Scranton's main aim was to make every person more knowledgeable so that he or she can generate well oriented outcome and can also make right decisions at right place. This should be done in an appropriate manner; otherwise huge loss can be faced by whole society. The study of crime is therefore termed as one of the most important study, therefore it should be handled in an appropriate manner. (Phulia, 1992: 274) References Chall, L.P. (1983), Sociological abstracts, Volume 31, Issues 1-2, Sociological Abstracts. Harrison, J. (2005), Study skills for criminology, SAGE. Lanier, M. (2004), Essential criminology, Westview Press. Lloyd, D. (1999), Ireland after history, Cork University Press in association with Field Day Mannette, J. (1992), Elusive justice: beyond the Marshal inquiry, Fernwood Pub. Phulia, S.S. (1992), Criminology: a psychological and anthropological analysis, Friends Publications Schafer, S. (1969), Theories in criminology: past and present philosophies of the crime problem, Random House. Scranton (Pa.) & Public Library. (1903). Index catalog of the Scranton Public Library authors and subjects, June 30, 1902. Pub. by the Library. Siegel, L.J. (2008), Criminology, Cengage Learning. Williams, P. (1992), Peterson's Guide to Graduate Programs in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Peterson's Guides. Read More