The Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Fibromyalgia - Annotated Bibliography Example

The Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Fibromyalgia Annotated Bibliography Alciati, A., Sgiarovello, P., Atzeni, F., &Sarzi-Puttini, P. . Psychiatric problems in fibromyalgia: Clinical and neurobiological links between mood disorders and fibromyalgia. Reumatismo, 64(4), 268-274. This research study reveals about inter-linkage between mood disorders and fibromyalgia, which generate a process of pathophysiological in the brain and causes pain and depression. The study also describes about the difference between depression and fibromyalgia. Accordingly, depression is defined as the psychological syndrome, which arises due to fluctuation of emotional behavior in an individual. On the other hand, fibromyalgia is described as a syndrome which inherits long-term body pain due to tenderness of joints, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues. The study also illustrates the variant depression symptoms among people in respect to change in mood, behavior and thinking which hinders in pharmacological treatment. Medical researchers have implemented neurobiological and therapeutic features to decrease processes of pathophysiological to disable the enhancement of pain and depression within the people. This study also shows about the qualitative approach of identifying the association between chronic pain and mood disorders which go beyond the process of pathophysiological that causes depression and pain. Fibromyalgia arises due to variation in cognitive and emotional psychological behavior of people. These tendencies generally arise due to various deficiencies of vitamins, which build and provide strong generation of tissues. The competitive racialism, work pressure, financial insufficiency and unsophisticated environment are also associated with the cause of fibromyalgia. Hence, there must be awareness programs organized in support of medical organizations and welfare agencies, which can provide various psychological therapies and treatments to mitigate the issues of fibromyalgia. Bertolucci, P., & de Oliveira, F. (2013). Cognitive impairment in fibromyalgia. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 17(7), 344-349. The research study illustrates that the cognitive impairment related to behavior and attitude of individuals which are generated due to fibromyalgia have extreme negative effect on the human psychology as well as causes severe pain than the general pain. This study explains that central nervous system, which consists of limbic and front parietal cortices of the patients are hampered who are inflicted with fibromyalgia. There had been neuroimaging techniques implemented, which ascertain that effective biomarkers are not available that can detect and measure the scale of patients’ condition in cognitive and behavioral aspects affected by fibromyalgia. Medical professionals then formulated to execute scaling and testing of neuropsychiatric assessment to quantify the population of patients affected with fibromyalgia. This research study reveals that various tools and techniques are implemented to examine the intensity towards human psychological and in extension on effect on the physical aspects of the people. The study firmly argues that various medical measures and applications should be implemented to decrease and control the syndrome of fibromyalgia. In addition, Non-Governmental-Organizations (NGOs), welfare agencies and medical psychological associations must involve and provide a necessary awareness program in relation to fibromyalgia. It has been advocated in the study that these agencies and originations should show the importance of mitigating the syndrome in consultation with doctors, medical practitioners and psychological therapy experts so that they advise effective measures and assist in medical treatments. The study emphasizes that they should apply psychological theories and concepts of cognitive development to the fibromyalgia patients, which generates positive effect on their health and quality of life.   Borsbo, B., Peolsson, M., &Gerdle, B. (2009). The complex interplay between pain intensity, depression, anxiety and catastrophising with respect to quality of life and disability. Disability & Rehabilitation, 31(19), 1605-1613. This research study illustrates about the interrelation of various components of symptoms which are pain, anxiety, depression, catastrophe, and disability, which generates chronic pain in the patients. The quantitative method was implemented by examining 433 patients having chronic pain, which included spinal cord injury, whiplash disorders and fibromyalgia. Participants showed variant psychological and other health concerns in respect to fibromyalgia. The findings of the study demonstrated that depression, anxiety, catastrophe and disability are generated consecutively due to changes in quality of life and common health conditions. The study further comprehended that psychological factors and symptoms generate positive and negative consequences towards disability, health and quality of life of the people. On the other hand, cognitive development generates an optimistic effect towards the growth and development of the people. This psychological concept and theories have been identified to improve the thinking and creativity level of the people. However, it has been argued in the study that this development is disturbed if emotional feelings comes in the way of cognitive development and creates negative psychological behavior among the people. These symptoms and deficiencies can be mitigated through implementation of cognitive development programs for the people as well as counseling, therapies and psychological treatment to eradicate fibromyalgia. Medical and psychological organizations should take consecutive measures to provide awareness as well as implementation of various techniques to decrease the famine of fibromyalgia. They should frame and execute different psychological treatment and therapies through cognitive development concepts and theories. In addition, the study also illustrates that they should express the extreme negative effect about the syndrome, which limits the individuals’ social, cultural and economic aspects essential for growth and development. Cunningham, M., &Jillings, C. (2006). Individuals descriptions of living with fibromyalgia. Clinical Nursing Research, 15(4), 258-273. This research study emphasizes on the chronic syndrome of fibromyalgia which effects the cognitive development and growth of a large population. Medical research associations have claimed that causes, remedies and control over the syndrome of fibromyalgia cannot be determined. There had also been seen that consecutive cure, prognosis and diagnostic remedial measures and actions are not effective to mitigate the syndrome. Researchers have implemented qualitative analytical method in the way of interviewing participants to gather data about various views and reactions of syndrome influencing the cognitive ability of the patients. This study also highlights about the individuals existing in the society and the country at large who are facing various health care and social issues in their life. Patients expressed that cure would be delivered, if efficient medical professionals are involved in providing assistance, guidance and experimental testing with respect to the prognosis of fibromyalgia. They also revealed that the patients living with fibromyalgia have the need for customize support from family and friends, which generates positive psychological concept helpful towards the process of treating the patients. Health care organizations and providers need to take necessary steps and measures with effective interventions, successive emotional support and appropriate care to the fibromyalgia affected patients. They should also launch various health awareness programs to deliver knowledge and idea about drastic effect of the syndrome towards cognitive development and growth of the people. They had to deliver psychological treatment and therapies which can improve their behavior and attitudes that support the quick recovery of the patients. Dennis, N., Larkin, M., & Derbyshire, S. (2013). A giant mess--making sense of complexity in the accounts of people with fibromyalgia. British Journal of Health Psychology, 18(4), 763-781. This study accentuate about unawareness and general understanding about fibromyalgia. The study explains that t analysis and framing patients’ interpretation are essential to segregate the symptoms of fibromyalgia. The qualitative analytical approach was undertaken in the study through i online interview of the patients affected with different symptoms of pain, disability, anxiety and depression. Through this approach the authors have diagnosis the psychological behavior as well as case histories of different symptoms experienced by the sample recruited in the study. Hermeneutic phenomenological approaches with two stages of analysis were experimented. In addition, an in-depth analysis of eight records were performed using conversational phenomenological approaches and results obtained from the analysis were filled in the templates to utilized it for further 12 records analysis of the patients with fibromyalgia. Patients represented using the word “giant mess” which has been declared by some patients as fibromyalgia and some as comorbid illness. Patients expressed that there exists complexity and multiplicity in their cognitive development due to instability of various symptoms included in fibromyalgia. The study demonstrated that the patients were hesitated to visit the doctors to consult issues regarding the symptoms of fibromyalgia. Accordingly, the study postulated that such action of the patients often creates a complex environment among family members, colleagues and friends. The study also discussed about various issues that causes emergence of various symptoms inherited by fibromyalgia. Patients who are affected with these psychological deficiencies argued to try to scrutinize their own behavior and attitudes. Finally, the study reflected that there is a lack of medical professionals experienced in case of fibromyalgia d diagnosis in all cases of illness and physical disorders of the patients. Dick, B., Verrier, M., Harker, K., &Rashiq, S. (2008). Disruption of cognitive function in fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain, 139(3), 610-616. The research study illustrates about the disruption of cognitive development in the patients with fibromyalgia. This study emphasized on the experimental procedure in which areas of cognitive enhancement are interrupted due to fibromyalgia. Qualitative methods have been applied by way of using standard experimental paradigms to examine the attention and memory power of 30 women to analyze the cognitive impairment as a result of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia patients are assigned to various consecutive tasks to construct a comparative view of the various symptoms diagnosed in the patients. The study found variation in the memory capability towards delivering accurate work performance for effective cognitive development. The study analyzed that disruption in cognitive development also generates due to changes in mood and sleep disorders. Conversely, in respect to pain equal cognitive measures were identified to be essential for the development of patients suffering from fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia gives extreme negative effect towards the cognitive development of patients due to hamper in memory by the various symptoms. In this study no remedial medical techniques and tools are argued to be effective towards the treatment of the patients with fibromyalgia. The study reflected that medical practitioners and agencies must extensively involve awareness programs as well as deliver various cognitive therapies and treatments to relieve the patients with fibromyalgia. Support from the family, friends and colleagues were also argued to be essential for the patients with fibromyalgia to overcome the disorders. Glass, J. (2006). Cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: New trends and future directions. Current Rheumatology Reports, 8(6), 425-429. Glass, (2006) in his study describes about the various symptoms and the ill-effects of fibromyalgia. The patients suffering from the fibromyalgia ate argued to be frequently facing some chronic problems related to memory loss and other mental complaints. The study found that the mental problem is more disturbing than other problems. The objective of this particular study was to evaluate the working memory and long term deficiency. The patients suffering from the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) are argued to have slow information processing and those patients who are suffering from fibromyalgia or chronic pain have weakened attention. The patients with CFS have poor ability to perform any time limit task. The CFS patients are unable to adopt the any new learning process and experience difficulties in learning new things. The similar damages in health have also seen in the fibromyalgia patients. According to the study, the fibromyalgia patients do not have any control over their memory. In the study, it has been found that the fibromyalgia patients are the inferior than other normal people at the time of test of verbal fluency. The study on neuroimaging with the context of chronic fatigue syndromes and fibromyalgia explained the link between the activities of brains and the mental disorder of the affected people. Glass, J., & Park, D. (2001). Cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia. Current Rheumatology Reports, 3(2), 123-127. Glass & Park (2001) in their study observed that fibromyalgia is among the enigmatic syndrome that creates widespread musculoskeletal pain in the human body those who were suffering from the same. The patients who were suffering with the problem of fibromyalgia are likely to have the additional symptoms that include sleeping disorder, fatigue and neuropsychological problems. Moreover, the article also reflected that in certain cases, patients suffering with fibromyalgia are inflicted with other problem related to the cognitive function, mental alertness and decline in the memory. The three types of cognitive functioning were explained in the study, which included ‘working memory’, ‘verbal fluency’ and episodic memory’. Furthermore, the article reflected that patients having the fibromyalgia problems are more likely to suffer from cognitive dysfunction. Besides, Glass & Park (2001) in the article presented the difficulties that the physicians may face during the treatment process of the patients suffering fibromyalgia problem. The problematic area related to the fibromyalgia patients, were firmly identified to be related to psychological factors such as problem of sadness and nervousness, physical factors, including tenderness, fatigue and pain, the nature of patients’ behavior. Glombiewski, J., Sawyer, A., Gutermann, J., Koenig, K., Rief, W. (2010). Psychological treatments for fibromyalgia: A meta-analysis. Pain, 151(2), 280-295. Glombiewski et al. (2010) investigated the physical condition on the basis of the short and long term efficacies along with the treatment moderators of the intervention of psychology in the patients’ suturing from fibromyalgia. The study included the sample size of 1,396 hospitalized patients with fibromyalgia. Moreover, the study utilizes the method of ‘meta-analytic techniques’ in order to measure the effectiveness of psychological interventions in the patient with fibromyalgia in the five different areas related to ‘sleep’, ‘pain’, ‘catastrophizing’, ‘depression’, and ‘functional status’. The finding of the study concluded that a psychological treatment measure proves to be a potential measure for reducing the health care needs of patients in respect of sleeping, depression, functional status and catastrophizing problem. Conversely, the moderator analysis of the study exhibited that ‘cognitive-behavioral treatment measure proves to be effective during the course of psychological treatment in the short run. The key limitation of the study conducted by Glombiewski et al. (2010) is that the overall research is highly dependent on the ‘meta-analytic techniques’. This is likely to create strongly reliance on the reliability of the entire research work on the factors including the ‘sample selection criteria, the quality’, validity in the statistical assumptions and ‘expectancy effects’. The study further concludes that in the other treatment measures and doses used in the clinical practice were comparatively less effective than the psychological treatment intervention in the fibromyalgia patients. Gracely, R., & Ambrose, K. (2011). Neuroimaging of fibromyalgia. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 25(2), 271-284. According to Gracely & Ambrose (2011), the primary symptom of the problem related the fibromyalgia is the severe pain in the different body parts. Additionally, during the secondary stage of the patients with fibromyalgia is argued to notice worsening symptom like the cognitive difficulties, paining sensitivity gets increases and various co-morbidities problem. The neuroimaging study of the research has undertaken the examination through the focusing on the primary symptoms of the problem between the patients and control with the help of the ‘single-photon-emission-computed tomography’ (SPECT). Moreover, the study is highly focused on the sensitivity of the pain in the patients with fibromyalgia. Functional MRI (FMRI) study has been conducted in the study through using the ‘blood-oxygen-level-dependent’ (BOLD) method to assess the brain activity of the patients’ brain. The study reveals that the underlying method helps to measure the sensitivity of pain and other problem such as depression and catastrophising. The study concluded that neuroimaging studies will helpful in providing information about differences that may relate to the underlying mechanisms along with the primary symptom in the patients with fibromyalgia. Through utilizing the wider array of methods, Gracely & Ambrose (2011), found that the differences in ‘opioid receptor binding’, is an attentiveness of metabolites linked by the neural processing in the area of pain of the body and functionality of the brain. The study proves to be beneficial with the utilization of the neuroimaging method in providing the increasing information regarding the supraspinal mechanisms related to fibromyalgia problem. Nevertheless, the technique helps in diagnosis, development of new and innovative way of treatments for the patients with fibromyalgia. Johnson, L. M., Zautra, A. J., & Davis, M. C. (2006). The role of illness uncertainty on coping with fibromyalgia symptoms. Health Psychology, 25(6), 696-703. Johnson et al. (2006) revealed the implications of the illness uncertainty that arises while dealing against symptoms among the woman suffering with fibromyalgia. This study of Johnson et al. (2006) examined the overall effects of illness uncertainty and difficulties while treating the patients with fibromyalgia. The study reveals that uncertainty is the most major and common component that leads to illness and also enhances the burden to supervision and other chronic illness related problem. The study has included 51 woman’s as a sample, and the findings were compared among the others victims with ‘physician-confirmed diagnoses’ of fibromyalgia. Fifty-one participants that were recruited in the research were placed under the regular supervision of the illness uncertainty for the 10-12 week and continuous interview in respect of the future development or reduction in the level of pain, coping efficacy and coping difficulty were conducted. The multilevel analyses finding of the research concluded that pain level is much higher during the illness uncertainty. Nevertheless, the results of the research study were highly reliable. The illness uncertainty escorted by the periodic pain was illustrated to negatively influence the coping ability. Juuso, P., Skär, L., Olsson, M., & Söderberg, S. (2011). Living with a double burden: Meanings of pain for women with fibromyalgia. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 6(3), 1-9. Juuso et al. (2011) describes about the health related issue of fibromyalgia. Accordingly, the study revealed that the fibromyalgia is a chronic pain. The study found that the middle aged women are more vulnerable to fibromyalgia. In addition, the study found that the women who are bearing the pain in their daily lives are the primary victims of fibromyalgia. The study proved that the women who are living with the fibromyalgia apply different strategies to minimize the level of pain and manage the effects of fibromyalgia in their daily activities. Fibromyalgia is argued to generate depression and create a sense of insecurity in the patients suffering from the diseases. The study illustrated that patients with fibromyalgia often experience lack of self-confidence. In this regard, the noble support towards the women has been proven to be very much effective. The peer support is also argued in the study to be helpful for women to evaluate their ability. The majority of women suffering from fibromyalgia are identified to fall under the age group of 20 to 50 years. Nevertheless, the study postulated that the primary reason of fibromyalgia is still not clear. There are some behaviors which can be affecting the consequence of fibromyalgia. The most common indications of fibromyalgia are low quality sleep, fatigue, headache, pain, and weakness. The multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of fibromyalgia has been proven very much effective. The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has proved very much helpful for diverting the mind of the women from the pain. The majority of the women have been described about the pain they had to suffer at the time of work and during their sleep. Luerding, R., Weigand, T., Bogdahn, U., & Schmidt-Wilcke, T. (2008). Working memory performance is correlated with local brain morphology in the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex in fibromyalgia patients: Structural correlates of pain-cognition interaction. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 131(Pt 12), 3222-3231. Luerding et al. (2008) noted that fibromyalgia is a sickness related with a lingering pain. The study deciphered that women suffering from fibromyalgia always feel the chronic pain, sleep disturbance and toughness in their body. The study describes about the relation between the fibromyalgia with the neuropsychological and the changes in local brain morphology. The study conducted an included twenty people suffering from fibromyalgia for the examination of the possibilities of the neuropsychological scarcity. This examination was helpful for the evaluation of the effects of fibromyalgia. To evaluate the correlation between the neuropsychological test and local brain morphology, the Voxel-based morphometric (VBM) method has been argued to be applied. According to the study grey mater values are positively correlated with the non-verbal memory performance. In other aspects the study postulated that the grey mater values are positively correlated with the verbal working memory in the supplementary motor context. In the medical frontal gyrus, the pain is negatively correlated with the grey mater values. The study specially explains the changes between cognitive difficulties and the brain in the patients suffered with fibromyalgia. Norberg, A., Lundman, B., & Söderberg, S. (1999). Struggling for dignity: The meaning of womens experiences of living with fibromyalgia. Qualitative Health Research, 9(5), 575-587. Norberg, et al., (1999), explains about the enduring feeling of the pain of fibromyalgia. The study demonstrated that the effect of fibromyalgia is mainly noticed among the women of the middle age. The 14 women with fibromyalgia falling under the age group of 35 to 50 years were included in the study. The study yielded relevant information related to fibromyalgia. According to the study, the majority of women have the similar kinds of symptoms and similar kinds of problems. The study noticed that the women suffering from fibromyalgia have more restrictions than the women who are suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The study explains about the difficulties faced by patients living with the fibromyalgia. The major three findings have been found from the study. Accordingly, the women suffering from fibromyalgia are argued to develop a sense of loss of freedom. In this regard, the terrifying body pain makes them feel as a burden. As the fibromyalgia illness is disguised in nature, it threatens the women to express their pain towards society. The study further adds that the suffered women or the patient of fibromyalgia is frequently search for the relief from the lingering pain of fibromyalgia. Park, D., Glass, J., Minear, M., & Crofford, L. (2001). Cognitive function in fibromyalgia patients. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 44(9), 2125-2133 Park et al. (2001), explains about various mental deficits related to fibromyalgia. The patients with fibromyalgia are argued to suffer from various difficulties related to the mental imbalance. Accordingly, the patients suffering from the fibromyalgia always complain about their weak intellectual performance. The findings of the study revealed that the patients are often trouble d with slow working process as well as the loss in active memory. The study mainly implies the harmful effects of fibromyalgia which declines the active power of the patients. The study also explains the speed of information processing and for making of a simple perpetual decision. The study evaluates the ability of the memory performance in a long term position of the patients with fibromyalgia. The study found that the fibromyalgia patients have unbroken speed of the processing but they are not so much efficient in long term memory. The patients are subjected to suffer from the decreasing power with respect to the functioning memory. Paulson, M., Danielson, E. & Söderberg, S. (2002). Struggling for a tolerable existence: The meaning of mens lived experiences of living with pain of fibromyalgia type. Qualitative Health Research, 12(2), 238-249. In this article the authors have emphasized towards heath related issue with the aim of identifying the major health related problem, ‘chronic pain’. Moreover, in this article the authors have specifically focused towards the consequences of daily life of Swedish people. In this regard, in order to identify the causes of the disease an interview was conducted among the fourteen men suffering from fibromyalgia. The ‘phenomenological hermeneutic method’ was applied in the study for conducting the interview and to interpreting the responses obtained. The article considered three major themes for conducting the research work including examining the changes on the body due to chronic pain, identifying the self-behavior of the patient along with the determining the condition of the patients with fibromyalgia. Schweinhardt, P., Sauro, K., & Bushnell, M. (2008, Oct). Fibromyalgia: A Disorder of the Brain?. The Neuroscientist, 14(5), 415-422. Retrieved May 20, 2014, from Nursing and Allied Health Collection via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/nrcx/start.do?prodId=NRC This research study expresses the fibromyalgia variation in CNS anatomy, chemistry and physiology, which exist as symptoms among different effected syndrome patients. The study reveals that patients suffer severe pain than normal pain due to diffuse noxious inhibitory control mechanisms inherited in fibromyalgia. Medical researchers have experiment about the syndrome through studies of brain imaging and found variable information regarding the pain experienced by the patients with fibromyalgia. Studies through neurotransmitter also showed that fibromyalgia patients have various abnormalities in serotoninergic, dopaminergic and opiodergic systems of the brain. The study also revealed that fibromyalgia causes extreme disturbances and widespread pain in the patients suffering from the problem. In addition, the study determined that fibromyalgia generates various psychological problems due to stress disorders such as disorder of posttraumatic, chronic fatigue, irritation and depression. The study expressed that fibromyalgia generates from past and successive stress experienced by the people due to the competitive environment, poverty and dissatisfaction. The above study had expressed some tests and experiments to analyze the reason behind the syndrome fibromyalgia, but no implications and solutions had been formulated to deliver remedies to this syndrome. The study further affirmed that medical researchers and health organizations need to take consecutive steps and evaluate experimental methods to break the famine of this syndrome. They should consecutively organize various health care awareness programs to reveal the fact and figures about the sensitiveness of the syndrome among the people of the society. At the same time, the study argued that they should implement cognitive development concepts and theories during the treatment process of the patients with fibromyalgia. Sarzi-Puttini, P., Atzeni, F., Diana, A., Doria, A. & Furlan, R. (2006). Increased neural sympathetic activation in fibromyalgia syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1069(1), 109-117. In this article, the authors have explained the underlying mechanisms of the musculoskeletal pain. According to this article, the authors have tried to share the symptoms of the fibromyalgia patients. At the same time, to the study describes the suffering of the Fibromyalgia patients, and notes that patients with fibromyalgia often feel anxiety due to this disease. In addition, depression in the patients with fibromyalgia is also argued to be observed among patients due to this illness. The study illustrated that patients with fibromyalgia also experience sleeping disorders. In this regard, the authors have claimed that fibromyalgia is like flu illness, which is spread from the soil, air and from everywhere. On the other hand, this illness can evolve due to massive amount of stress on the human body. Similarly, lack of sleep and weather change can be the causes of this disease among human. Through the research study, the authors have suggested that due to this disease, central nervous system of the human body can be affected seriously. Simultaneously, this disease can also hamper the ‘hypothalamic pituitary adrenal’ (HPA) axis during the pain. Tander, B., Cengiz, K., Alayli, G., Ilhanli, I., Canbaz, S., et al. (2008). A comparative evaluation of health related quality of life and depression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International, 28(9), 859-865. This research study evaluates about the hindrances generated by syndrome fibromyalgia. The study implemented qualitative method by using Visual Analog Scale to ascertain the impact of fibromyalgia on the health and life of people suffering from fibromyalgia. This method measures the level of sleep disturbance and pain experienced by the patients with fibromyalgia. The study found that comorbid depression is the major cause of generation of the syndrome within people. This arises due to competitive behavior, poverty, dissatisfaction among the people of the society. Medical research and health care organizations has been argued to take measures regarding fibromyalgia. Accordingly, the study advocated that they must do an in-depth research, experiment and tests to bring remedial measures for the syndrome. This syndrome can also be aborted and minimize if psychological associations must deliver effective cognitive development treatment and therapies the fibromyalgia patients. This syndrome is ascertained to be minimized with extreme support of parents, colleagues and friends. Van Middendorp, H., Lumley, M., Jacobs, J., van Doornen, L., Bijlsma, J., et al. (2008). Emotions and emotional approach and avoidance strategies in fibromyalgia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(2), 159-167. In this article, the authors have tried to highlight the psychological and physical symptoms of the fibromyalgia. With this particular aim, the authors have highlighted the symptoms of the fibromyalgia. At the same time, the authors have tried to highlight the symptoms of the fibromyalgia patients. In order to conduct the research study, the authors have incorporated primary research as a research methodology approach. Moreover, a questionnaire was framed in order to gather the data from of the patients. In this context, the authors have taken the response of the 196 female fibromyalgia patients out of 403 females. The authors in this study have also identified the symptoms of the fibromyalgia patients. In this regard, authors claimed that fibromyalgia patient feels anxiety due to this disease. On the other hand, this disease also leads a fibromyalgia patient towards depression. Moreover, the authors have also claimed that fibromyalgia patients also feel problems during sleeping. At the same time, the authors have argued that this Fibromyalgia disease is like flu illness, which can be spread from the soil, water and air. Thus, during the end of the article, the authors claimed that an individual can become the victim of the diseases due to massive amount of stress on the human body and which can affect directly to the central nervous system of the human being. Vishne, T., Fostick, L., Silberman, A., Kupchick, M., Rubinow, A., et al. (2008). Fibromyalgia among major depression disorder females compared to males. Rheumatology International, 28(9), 831-836. In this article, the authors have tried to identify the characterized of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Moreover, in order to identify the symptom and causes of the illness the authors have conducted qualitative measures. In addition, the authors have also relied on the questionnaire survey in order to gather reliable data from the local community. Moreover, the authors have relied on the female respondents rather than that of the male respondents. According to the review, it has been also recognized that the aim of the current research is to identify the symptoms and causes of the illness. Moreover, statistical approaches have been used to understand the outcome of the research study. From the research study, the authors have also identified the symptoms of the fibromyalgia patients. In this regard, the authors have argued that the fibromyalgia patients can feel anxiety due to this disease. At the same time, fibromyalgia patients are vulnerable to depression. In this regard, the study illustrated that fibromyalgia patients can also feel problems during sleeping, as this illness is has an adverse impact on the efficiency of the central nervous system, as the study affirmed that fibromyalgia disease can damage the ‘hypothalamic pituitary adrenal’ (HPA) axis during the pain, which can weaken the patients. References Alciati, A., Sgiarovello, P., Atzeni, F., & Sarzi-Puttini, P. (2012). Psychiatric problems in fibromyalgia: Clinical and neurobiological links between mood disorders and fibromyalgia. Reumatismo, 64(4), 268-274. Bertolucci, P., & de Oliveira, F. (2013). Cognitive impairment in fibromyalgia. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 17(7), 344-349. Borsbo, B., Peolsson, M., & Gerdle, B. (2009). The complex interplay between pain intensity, depression, anxiety and catastrophising with respect to quality of life and disability. Disability & Rehabilitation, 31(19), 1605-1613. Cunningham, M., & Jillings, C. (2006). Individuals descriptions of living with fibromyalgia. Clinical Nursing Research, 15(4), 258-273. Dennis, N., Larkin, M., & Derbyshire, S. (2013). A giant mess--making sense of complexity in the accounts of people with fibromyalgia. British Journal of Health Psychology, 18(4), 763-781. Dick, B., Verrier, M., Harker, K., & Rashiq, S. (2008). Disruption of cognitive function in fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain, 139(3), 610-616. Glass, J. (2006). Cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome: New trends and future directions. Current Rheumatology Reports, 8(6), 425-429. Glass, J., & Park, D. (2001). Cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia. Current Rheumatology Reports, 3(2), 123-127. Glombiewski, J., Sawyer, A., Gutermann, J., Koenig, K., Rief, W. (2010). Psychological treatments for fibromyalgia: A meta-analysis. Pain, 151(2), 280-295. Gracely, R., & Ambrose, K. (2011). Neuroimaging of fibromyalgia. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 25(2), 271-284. Johnson, L. M., Zautra, A. J., & Davis, M. C. (2006). The role of illness uncertainty on coping with fibromyalgia symptoms. Health Psychology, 25(6), 696-703. Juuso, P., Skär, L., Olsson, M., & Söderberg, S. (2011). Living with a double burden: Meanings of pain for women with fibromyalgia. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 6(3), 1-9. Luerding, R., Weigand, T., Bogdahn, U., & Schmidt-Wilcke, T. (2008). Working memory performance is correlated with local brain morphology in the medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortex in fibromyalgia patients: Structural correlates of pain-cognition interaction. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 131(Pt 12), 3222-3231. Norberg, A., Lundman, B., & Söderberg, S. (1999). Struggling for dignity: The meaning of womens experiences of living with fibromyalgia. Qualitative Health Research, 9(5), 575-587. Park, D., Glass, J., Minear, M., & Crofford, L. (2001). Cognitive function in fibromyalgia patients. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 44(9), 2125-2133. Paulson, M., Danielson, E., & Söderberg, S. (2002). Struggling for a tolerable existence: The meaning of mens lived experiences of living with pain of fibromyalgia type. Qualitative Health Research, 12(2), 238-249. Sarzi-Puttini, P., Atzeni, F., Diana, A., Doria, A., & Furlan, R. (2006). Increased neural sympathetic activation in fibromyalgia syndrome. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1069(1), 109-117. Schweinhardt, P., Sauro, K., & Bushnell, M. (2008, Oct). Fibromyalgia: A Disorder of the Brain?. The Neuroscientist, 14(5), 415-422. Retrieved May 20, 2014, from Nursing and Allied Health Collection via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/nrcx/start.do?prodId=NRC Smith, B., Elliott, A., Chambers, W., Smith, W., Hannaford, P., et al. (2001). The impact of chronic pain in the community. Family Practice, 18(3), 292-299. Tander, B., Cengiz, K., Alayli, G., Ilhanli, I., Canbaz, S., et al. (2008). A comparative evaluation of health related quality of life and depression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology International, 28(9), 859-865. Van Middendorp, H., Lumley, M., Jacobs, J., van Doornen, L., Bijlsma, J., et al. (2008). Emotions and emotional approach and avoidance strategies in fibromyalgia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(2), 159-167. Vishne, T., Fostick, L., Silberman, A., Kupchick, M., Rubinow, A., et al. (2008). Fibromyalgia among major depression disorder females compared to males. Rheumatology International, 28(9), 831-836. Read More