Modelling of the Telecommunications and Networking - Assignment Example

Computer sciences and Information technology: Telecommunications and networking The recent times have seen quite a few paradigm shifts in the different ways in which people communicate and collaborate with each other. The wireless technology has spread manifold while the connectivity has spread to almost every nook and corned\r of the world. It has also gotten exceptionally affordable. Despite this, wireless communication has made it highly difficult for people to manage and sustain the technology owing to its complex nature and challenging technology. The paper is an assessment of three such research papers that have been associated with such recent changes in technologies and reviews these papers in the light of telecommunications and network technology. The paper makes a critical study and analysis of these researches and presents personal views and opinions after such assessment. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Discussion 5 Paper 1: 4G Technology 5 Paper 2: Live Video Service using Multicast in Wireless Network 6 Paper 3: Firm level innovation Diffusion of 3G mobile connections in the international context 8 Analysis 9 Paper 1 9 Paper 2 9 Paper 3 10 Conclusion 10 Reference List 12 Bibliography 13 Introduction With the advent of the latest third and fourth generation technologies on the communication platform, the complexities that was associated with latency, signal fading, communication and jitter have been eliminated. The fourth generation technology or the 4G network is capable of collaborating together all the present networks into an end to end solution for communication technology and IP network. The development in the IPv6 technology has provided every device with its unique IP address promising a shining future to the networking technology. The first paper is an assessment of 4G technology in the 21st century in the arena of telecommunications and networking. The 4G technology is supported by numerous other systems that have evolved to provide support to the paradigm shift in internet connectivity speed in mobile communication devices. The paper reviews that different associated technologies and thereby makes an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses associated with 4G technology of wireless communication. The second paper deals with the creation of a seamless live video system over the WLAN using the multicast technology. The switching multicast agent helps to remove any insufficiency in network bandwidths or any load on the video server over the internet and thereby hands over the usage if 2 byte access points as a header for IPs so as to prevent the disconnection of services and its systematic reconnection in the event of movement of mobile devices or nodes. The objective of the third paper is to look into the differences in technology in diffusion at firm level for 3G mobile phone. The paper investigates the impact of social globalisation in brands and across different brands through word of mouth communication. It also makes an assessment of 123 firms in 40 different nations for estimation of a general firm level model for finding out the possible trend in impact of social globalisation of 3G technology within bran\d communications. The paper found out that fractionalisation due to competition provides a negative impact on adoption of technology among firms. The density of population determines demand for technology which in turn has a positive impact of the potential held by technology markets. The predictive model developed through the use of such results helps in development of a system for international managers in technology companies for international market forecasts and also for strategy formulation and policy development. Discussion Paper 1: 4G Technology Wireless technology has created a persuasive and pervasive system and for enabling a true mobility. Communications technology has used compact wireless technologies to emerge into a computation and collaboration system anywhere and anytime. The third generation or 3G technology in communications are widespread while WiMAX is being promoted more vigorously (Raj, Ravishandran and Vaithiyanathan, 2010). The next generation communication system or the 4G technology has made real time and a seamless synchronization possible. This has made it possible for computers, and handheld devices to use video on demand facilities and also transmitting voice and video data in a smooth manner with the highest possible qualities. Hence, it is believed that 4G infrastructures shall comprise of a set of networks that shall make extensive use of IP technology. 4G technology shall make use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as one of its primary enablers. OFDM technology enables 4G users to send data across parallel streams. Thus 4G technologies shall in turn increase the amount of data that can be sent through the internet which shall be much more than the CDMA network capacities. 4G network shall also make use of a number of channels for data transmission and shall be powered with the ability to switch channels upon detection of interference and thereby improve reception quality. However, all this shall come at a higher price that the present day 3G technologies. Like the 3G network, 4G technology shall also make use of antenna technology that shall be directed towards using radio signals from the base station to the receivers end. This shall also be combined with adaptive techniques, the antennas shall be able to improve signal strength and reduce interference. To use the enhanced 4G, the users shall not be required to update their phones because the system is built upon the foundations laid down by the 3G system. The digital world is transforming into a more complex system everyday but the solutions being provided are cost effective owing to huge demand and low cost of implementation of such technologies in wireless communication and broadband technology. On the technological forefront, 4G is simply an enhanced version of the 3G platform and promises higher speeds of up to 200 Mbps in transmission of data. The prime objective of 4G technology is to enable a completely IP based system quite similar to systems that are based on computers. It is believed that the speed of 4G technology shall go up to 1Gbps in due course. The paper also discusses in detail, the evolution of mobile technology from first generation top the 4th generation through 1970 to 2010. Through such discussion, the WiMAX technology follows where the technology of mobile data transmission gets even higher in terms of data transmission. The WiMAX technology shall enable mobile phones to transfer tens of MBs in a second through base station. The advantages of the WiMAX technology comes with its scalable nature, high levels of data throughputs and low cost associated with deployment which together make this a very exciting opportunity for enabling a huge array of services associated with it. WiMAX technology makes it possible for mobile networks to converge to a common broadband radio access and allowing a flexible architecture of networks. In a discussion of the LTE technology, the paper recognised that GSM systems and packet data access have been among the most successful of the lot of data transmission technologies yet. LTE lays stress on supporting the Packet Switched abilities targeting a broader spectrum of situations and low restrictions. LTE aims at simplification of ratio architecture and thereby reducing costs. It was eventually concluded that of all the two technologies namely, WiMAX and LTE, WiMAX shall have the most success in the times to come primarily because of a worldwide rise in the number of broadband users and also the landline operators seeking for introduction of newer technologies in their service bundles. It is also believed that as these technologies converge towards 4G services, they shall enable 4G to handle and support 100 Mbps per second. Paper 2: Live Video Service using Multicast in Wireless Network WLAN is among the most popular services used by mobile telephony in using the video services. These video services have been increasing phenomenally with the advancement of high speed internet technology across the world. Researchers have been in continuous trials to remove and eliminate the interruptions in smooth video streaming and live viewing. These problems primarily arise due to the presence of huge amounts of data transfer as opposed to text data transfer. Here, they have identified, that the problem is associated with the insufficiency in network bandwidth along with cutoffs and reconnection of data services. This problem is further aggravated by the reassignment of IP addresses when the mobile devices shift their locations (Choi et al., 2012). The objective of this paper is to present a situation where the live video streaming technology is used within wireless network using a multicast technology. This multicast technology is a system that provides platform for the effective use of WLAN and helps in reducing the load on video servers. The switching multicast agent and access points better known as SMA and AP respectively help in providing support to a handover mechanism for the movement of mobile nodes through the use of identification number. The AP is then added to the IP addresses beginning from the AP accessed first. The mobile nodes receives MGS or multicast group addresses through the switching multicast agent and such IP addresses do not change even when the mobile nodes shift to other access points. Thus the overheads associated with the handovers using different access points are eliminated. The planned live video service with the use of multicast technology therefore helps in providing a seamless video system through the addition of access points without any reassignment of the mobile nodes at any other access point whenever the device shifts from one access point to another. The technology utilises the WLAN as follows. Once the mobile node enters the range of transmission, it makes connection with an access point within the WLAN. This access point then makes an IP assignment to the mobile device or the mobile node. The paper identified that the mobile node can be serviced only when it is within range for any video servers over the internet. As soon as the mobile node goers out of range, the access point contacts other access points which leads to a disconnection. When the mobile devices change location, mobile nodes move. The mobile node has to reconnect to the server and this is when it is assigned another IP address upon reconnection. The mobile nodes also undergo congestion when there are requests of multiple videos. To resolve the issue, the paper suggests that access points generate 2 byte long IP address for the device to resolve issues with change of access points in times of disconnection and reconnection. This would imply that the IP address would not change from the first time the access point assigns to the device at the first connection. This would in turn help in creation of a handover mechanism and thereby simplifies live video service by reducing the load on video servers of being used by numerous channels through the multicast technology. Thus, the system is successful in achieving congestion clearance and a smooth handover process in cutoffs and reducing delays by effective numbering system for numerous channels of live video services (Minoli, 2008). Paper 3: Firm level innovation Diffusion of 3G mobile connections in the international context The study is aimed at providing insights into the differences faced by different countries in the diffusion of 3G mobile phone technology at firm levels. It is believed that the insights provided within this paper shall assist managers of companies to formulate strategies that can act as regulations in policy formulation. The contributions within this paper provide likes to social globalisation in association with the WOM technology. This shall help managers to choose the location where the technology should be launched. This leads to interpretation that countries that have a higher index of social globalisation shall associate higher growth probabilities due to high drive for transfer of information owing to such social globalisation. It also derives associations with fractionalisation with the adoption probabilities and population density with market potential. The paper shall provide an empirical guide to the different variables that should be taken care of while evaluating the different international markets and also for conducting sensitivity analysis for market entry. The model developed within this research allows for comparison of brand performance and enables and understanding of market place dynamics in market competition. The findings of the study suggest for implementing country level forecasting for development of policies and for the launch of a new technology or for the product launch which has very few data points (Islam and Meade, 2013). The research also develops insights into addressing different aspects of 3G diffusion where they look into the different drivers of word of mouth (WOM) communication. And the impact of such market variables in the process of technology diffusion. In addition to this, the researchers also look into the firm level performance predictability for a many country model. This is derived from the assumption that technology adoption is breakthrough while technological development is gradual. When a technological breakthrough happens, it is either highly revenue generating or contributes towards making high decreases in technological costs. The case for 3G technology is similar because it is a sharp improvement over the old 2G technology and this is why the study adopts the probability of adoption of technique which assesses the impact of adoption on market share and competition. The paper also reviews the impact of different factors in non linear modelling where cross country data was a source of cross firm differences and this unobserved heterogeneity was highlighted through the mixed modelling approach. Analysis Paper 1 In the first paper that discusses 4G technology and SWOT analysis towards technologies that move towards it, service providers as well as consumers appear quite optimistic over the success of 4G technology over the 3G system. This has also brought about a whole new series of customer centric services. A contrary view to this optimism comes from the academicians where such group of people are expecting a unified and automated communication system. With the development of systems backed by standards, services and solutions, there is a development towards seamless interoperability and interaction which shall ensure a more real time and purposeful collaboration between people and their productivity. The paper compares and contrasted various wireless broadband technologies to bring about new perspectives into 4G speed. The paper also identified that 3G had some critical shortcomings and 4G was built upon the 3G platform to eliminate those inadequacies and bring together a comprehensive new system that could enable simpler and must faster transmission of data. However, the paper lacked quite a bit in terms of judging the industrial and business applicability of such change and how it shall enhance practical service usage for all types of consumers. Paper 2 The second research makes use of a combined method for the provision of a seamless live video technology service using the wireless internet system. It makes use of the multicast technique by enabling a handover mechanism for solving issues associated with in sufficient bandwidth and resolving problems associated with cutoff of services and reconnection of video servers within wireless networks. In order to attain smooth service, the paper makes use of switching multicast agent for the generation of multicast group addresses for the same video requests in live video viewing. This supports seamless service provision reducing cutoffs and reconnection requirements when mobile nodes switched locations and thereby access points. The time delays were also shortened with the use of multicast technology that was attained through Switching Multicast Agent and not the video servers alone. The paper demonstrated that the overhands associated with the usage of the IP address assignment which was 2 byte long was almost negligible when one saw the complexity associated with video data transmissions. It therefore eliminated confusion in data signals when the repeated requests for the same video was made through different access points by assigning names to the devices which were shifting connection networks. Also, the process of handovers also took less time with IP identification enabled by the paper. The research however, fell short in addressing data issues with video servers. It only resolves congestion issues in multiple requests of live videos. However it is a good step towards helping elimination of multiple command confusion and reducing load on live videos. Paper 3 The paper helps in determination of a number of factors that shall assist managers in developing policies and strategies towards adoption of new technology in a nation. The positive impacts of social globalisation have been well realised within this paper. The paper assesses how word of mouth communication in brands has a negative effect on firm level diffusions. On the other hand, it also assesses how population density of a country has a positive impact on the potential held within markets. The paper was however limited in terms of developing any possibility towards the simultaneous nature of technology penetration drivers and technology realisation drivers was not highlighted (Islam and Fiebig, 2002). This means that the factors that contributed towards diffusion of new technology within a country and the factors that generated sales of such technology could have been reviewed to derive any commonality between the factors responsible for each. Such commonality would have allowed ease of strategy formulation for both market entry and market penetration for firm managers. Conclusion The first paper discusses the 4G technology and its present day scenario in brief. It also looks into the different technologies like WiMAX and LTE technology that help towards building up the advancement over 3G and development of 4G. The paper also assess the strengths and weaknesses of the 4G system while highlighting the key points that shall frame its future course of action of the technology. However, the paper was limited in insights about the industrial use and applicability of 4G technology and how it shall help in framing future of ultimate consumers. The second paper tries to seek solution to reconnection and data transmission issues associated with live video streaming and viewing. This is done by way of assignment of IP addresses to access points of mobile devices such that multiple requests do not congest the video and same IP request is identified within the system. This was a novel way of reducing interruptions in live video viewing but fell short of providing any solution towards increasing speed of data transmission in live video viewing. The third paper was an assessment of the different factors that hep in adoption of technology in nations using 3G adoption as a case study. This paper helps in development of a model that shall help managers in formulating strategies and solutions for market entry. Reference List Choi, J., Lee, S., Kim, I. and Woo, Y., 2012. Live-Video Service using Multicast in Wireless Network. International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering. 7(4), pp. 17-21. Islam, C. and Meade, N., 2013. Firm level innovation diffusion of 3G mobile connections in international context. International Journal of Forecasting, Islam, T. and Fiebig, D., 2002. Modelling the development of supply restricted telecommunications markets. Journal of Forecasting, 20, pp. 249–264. Minoli, D., 2008. IP Multicast with Applications to IPTV and Mobile DVB-H. London: JohnWiley & Sons Inc. Raj, P., Ravishandran, P. and Vaithiyanathan, D., 2010. A Comparison and SWOT Analysis of Towards 4G Technologies: 802.16e and 3GPP-LTE. International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, 2(2), pp. 109-114. Bibliography Cai, Y., Tavanapong, W. and Hua, K. A., 2007. A Double Patching Technique for Efficient Bandwidth Sharing in Video-on-Demand Systems. Journal of Multimedia Applications and Tools, 32(1), pp. 115-136. Islam, T., Meade, N. and Fiebig, D., 2002. Modeling multinational telecommunications demand with limited data. International Journal of Forecasting, 18, pp. 605–624. Kim, J., Diam, T. and Anderson, T. R., 2010. A Look into the Future of Wireless Mobile Communication Technologies. Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations. 42. Klasen, S. and T. Nestmann, T., 2006. Population, population density and technological change. Journal of Population Economics, 19, pp. 611–626. Sarddar, D., Mani, P., Biswas, U. and Naskar, M., 2011. Fast Handoff Mechanism in Wireles Local Area Networks (WLAN) using Neighbor Graph Algorithm. International Journal of Computer Applications, 25(9), pp. 45-52. Read More