The Availability of Various Optical Multiplexing Technologies - Report Example

Technical term paper Table of contents Executive summary……………………………………………………………………3 Background ……………………………………………………………………………4 Current state of technology……………………………………………………………5 Research report………………………………………………………………………...5 Question 1……………………………………………………………………...5 Question 2 ……………………………………………………………………..6 Question 3………………………………………………………………………7 Question 4………………………………………………………………………8 Question 5………………………………………………………………………9 Summary……………………………………………………………………………….10 References……………………………………………………………………………...11 Executive summary Recently, computer sciences and information technology has developed to an issue of discussion in the contemporary society. This study can be identified as a mathematical and scientific approach to computational processes. In addition, this study is associated to some of the vital aspects that enable the survival of human beings. Technology is the construction or modification of crafts to resolve a predicament and accomplish a certain goal (White & Edward, 2007). However, technological advances can significantly affect the environment together with the living things contained. The introduction of the fiber optic cable has encouraged incredible changes in the technological sector (White & Edward, 2007). This has been beefed up through the introduction of several optical multiplexing technologies. Furthermore, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has come up with different standing networking workgroups that are liable for radio-related functions among other tasks. Other milestones in technology include processors, programming project methodologies and cloud-based backup systems. All these contemporary issues are discussed in the subsequent paragraphs. Background This research comprises of information that relates to the current technology and its growth. The paper describes issues such as programming project methodologies, processors, optical multiplexing technologies and cloud-based backup systems. This proves that computer sciences and information technology has significantly enhanced the livelihoods of most individuals world widely. For instance, technology is widely covered in this paper. This technical term paper has been arrived at basing on the current technological status in the world. Current State of Technology In the current world, there have been tremendous changes that have been performed in terms of technology. This includes the availability of various multiplexing technologies, online backup storage systems and development in multicore and multiprocessors. All these factors are of vital importance in the growing world. The tremendous changes in technology especially in regard to wireless communications are making a positive impact on technological devices. Engineers are facing a challenge in coming up with innovative ideas to curb the recent technological world. Current trends prove that the mobile phone is rapidly turning into a sophisticated mobile device which is capable of sustaining more applications. Further analysis shows that more improvements are still being made in the technological world. Research Report Question 1: Research the availability of various optical multiplexing technologies available in the current carrier-grade networking gear. In the current carrier-grade networking gear, there are several optical multiplexing technologies that are available. Optical multiplexing technologies are broadly divided into wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology and optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) technology. Other multiplexing technologies include dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology, Television programming and commercials, Cable television and satellite television among others (Tutorials Point, 2012). Most of these multiplexing technologies use fiber optic cables. This is because the cables transmit data faster and for a long-distance. Furthermore, the fiber cables have several other advantages that make it suitable to transmit data faster. These advantages include the fact that fiber optics is not affected by external factors and the immunity of the cables to interference. On the one hand, the wavelength-division multiplexing technology multiplexes numerous optical carrier signals to one optical cable. The wavelength-division multiplexing technology is mostly popular in telecommunication firms since; they allow companies to expand the network facility without laying more fiber. On the other hand, the OCDMA technology is recognized as a reliable access network which has significantly aided substantial development the communication sector. In the OCDM, the multiplexing procedure involves distinguished communication channels that are specified by optical codes. Also, this system comprises of encoding and decoding operations which constitute the term optical coding (Tutorials Point, 2012). Question 2: Research the ratification process of networking standards and organize a report or summary of the process for different standing Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers networking workgroups, such as 802.11. Technology has extended to a far much better position with the introduction of wireless technologies. The most common wireless networks include wireless PANs, wireless LANs, and wireless MANs. Wireless WANs and the system interconnection also known as Bluetooth. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the association that deals with telecommunication services and computer engineering. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has developed all the standards for wireless networks, which include the IEEE standard 802.11, the WPAN IEEE 802.15 and the WMAN IEEE 802.16 (Tom, 2001). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standards are documents which have been developed by the IEEE committee. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 has a fundamental construction block, which are the basic services set or BSS. This is because all radio-allied tasks are executed in the Basic Service Set which is described as an ad hoc network. The Basic Service Set is the most fundamental 802.11 LAN standards. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 LAN consists of two stations, which are distant from each other. The architectural component used to interconnect the Basic Service Set is normally the distribution system (DS). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 wireless LAN has nine subsets. They include the 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11e, 802.11g, 802.11i, 802.11k, 802.11n, 802.11r and the 802.11s (Tom, 2001). These subsets are used because wireless LAN works with diverse signals and frequency ranges. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard 802.15 is a wireless personal area network (WPAN) which has its standard as wireless LAN. The first version of this standard was approved in 2002 (Tom, 2001). It is referred to as the 802.15.1 which was adapted from the Bluetooth specification. Lastly, the IEEE standard 802.16 is recognized as a wireless metropolitan area network which was also approved in 2002. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.16 standard enables interoperability between different manufactures. 3. Review the current and upcoming developments in multicore and multiprocessor processors from paramount chipmakers and present their findings. A multicore processor can be described as a single computing component that constitutes of two or more independent processors (Webb, 2011). The multicore processors are responsible to execute and read program instructions. Most manufacturers integrate the cores to a single integrated circuit or chip. Currently, there are dual-core processors, quad-core processor, hexa-core processors and Octa-core processors. These processors are widely used in several application domains including network, embedded, general-purpose and digital signal processing. Improvement in the multicore processors depends on the software algorithms and implementation procedures (Webb, 2011). The network topologies that are related with interconnection of cores include ring, bus, crossbar and two-dimensional mesh. Additionally, multicore processors can be identified as either homogenous or heterogeneous multicore systems. Homogenous multicore processors include identical cores while the heterogeneous systems have cores that are nonidentical (Webb, 2011). The most common multicore processors include the Phenom Core and the Intel Core. Currently, the Intel Core has tremendously improved from the i3 to i7 Intel Core. This reveals that there are future advancements that are being made in order to improve the multicore processor. Computer manufacturing companies are in the process of implementing the multicore architecture to support the growing demand of the current market (Webb, 2011). Question 4: Study and compare different programming project methodologies and pick a methodology that feel would be best suited for developing applications on mobile devices. A methodology is a model which is used by project managers to achieve their project objectives (Ford, 2007). There are several project methodologies that are frequently used by project managers. They include the agile software development, extreme programming, Feature Driven Development, crystal methods, adaptive project framework, Rapid Application Development, Lean Development, PRINCE2, Joint Application Development, Dynamic Systems Development Model, scrum, Information Technology Infrastructure Library, spiral Systems Development Life Cycle and the waterfall methodology (Ford, 2007). Nowadays, there are many advances that have been made in mobile computing. This is depicted from the Human-Computer Interaction that has led to the development of mobile applications. Software developers are continually coming up with advanced applications for mobile phones. In this case, the best methodology that can be used for developing applications on mobile phones is the agile software development methodology (Cohen & Costa, 2004). This methodology focuses on active team culture which poses vital emphasis on real-time communication. Analysis shows that this software development methodology promotes the developmental cycle of the conceptual framework. With the Agile Manifesto in place, software developers can enhance their software development procedure through this methodology (Cohen & Costa, 2004). This development methodology is quite flexible to any changes made by the software developers. Some of the lightweight methodologies that have been stated above are typically under the agile system development methodology. Therefore, the agile methodology proves efficient and cost-effective to the developers of mobile applications. Researchers use several techniques to ensure that such methods are of quality to enhance the project agility (Cohen & Costa, 2004). 5. Examine the availability of online (cloud-based) storage backup systems. Recently, there are many factors that may lead to destruction of critical files that are stored on a computer. Such circumstances may include fire, power surges, viruses and floods. This can cause enormous problems to the computer user. This has led to the introduction of online storage services. The cloud storage services give one access to occasionally used files. The user can access the files on a smart phone or a computer. Some of the most robust cloud storage services that are available include the Hybrid cloud, Just Cloud, Egnyte and Sugarsync (Tech media Network, 2012). The vital factors that should be not be overlooked include ease of use of service, help and support centre, features of the service, storage space and file access and support features (Tech media Network, 2012). The imperative storage feature that most customers look into is the storage space of the cloud-based backup service. A brilliant cloud storage service is one that provides unlimited storage of files to a customer at a favorable cost (Tech media Network, 2012). Furthermore, the online backup facility should allow the user to store all types of files on the online account. The online service should also be user-friendly. The customers should be able to sync their files into their online accounts at a faster rate. These factors should be supplemented with a favorable direct customer support center. The support center should operate 24/7 and offer feedback through emails, live chats or even telephone services. Cloud-based backup services have been appreciated with the ability to view and share files online (Tech media Network, 2012). Summary The technological advancement has facilitated several factors. Through the introduction of the optical multiplexing and cloud-based backup systems, there are numerous alterations that have been accomplished in the contemporary society. The article clearly shows how certain factors have improved technology. For example, the upcoming of the multicore processors and cloud-based backup systems among other advancements. This research paper also included networking systems, which are considered as developmental aspects in the modern society. Therefore, the report is of significant help to those studying computer sciences and information technology. Furthermore, change is clearly prevalent according to the topics discussed in the research analysis. References Cohen, D., & Costa, P. (2004). An introduction to agile methods. New York: Elsevier Science Press. Ford, J. (2007). Programming for the absolute beginner. New York: Course Technology Press. Tech media Network. (2012). Online storage services review. Retrieved from http://online-storage-service-review.toptenreviews.com/ Tom, F. (2001). Wireless local area network. Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press. Tutorials Point (2012). Project management methodologies. Retrieved from http://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_concepts/project_management_methodologies.htm Webb, W. (2011). Embedded moves to multi-core. Retrieved from http://embedded-computing.com/articles/embedded-moves-multicore/ White, R., & Edward, T. (2007). How computers work. (9th ed.). United States: Que Press. Read More