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The Use of Biometrics and Bio-Information to Support New Systems Integration - Annotated Bibliography Example

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The paper "The Use of Biometrics and Bio-Information to Support New Systems Integration" states that new technology base biometrics systems are transforming the simplicity of use, exactness as well as the performance of customary biometrics technology-based solutions…
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The use of Biometrics and Bio-information to Support New Systems Integration Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Biometric Technologies 4 Al-Hijaili, S. J., & AbdulAziz, M. (2011). BIOMETRICS IN HEALTH CARE SECURITY SYSTEM, IRIS-FACE FUSION SYSTEM. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(1), 11–19 7 Biometric Technology 7 Why Biometrics and Bio-information Integration 9 Gokulkumari, G., & Lakshmi, A. (2011). Study of Effects and Perceptual Analysis in Implementing Biometric Authentication. European Journal of Scientific Research, 61(2), 242–254. 13 How to Integrate Information? 13 Large­scale Systems Integration Applications 15 Transforming and integrating your biometrics capability 17 Systems integration expertise 19 Issues in Integrating Biometrics 21 Integrated Biometric Technology Development 22 Device Capabilities 22 Development Issues 22 Support Issues 23 Conclusions 24 References 25 25 Abstract Prevailing techniques of human recognition derived from credentials (PIN and identification credentials) are not capable to convene the increasing requirements for strict security in implementation of border crossings, national ID cards, access control and government profits. Consequently, biometric recognition, or basically biometrics, that is foundational on behavioral and physiological features of a person, is being more and more accept and mapped to quickly for rising person recognition applications. Different from documents based identification, biometric traits (for example face, fingerprint and iris) are not able to be stolen, lost or simply forged; they are as well recognized as to be more and more constant and distinctive. Utilize of biometrics is not latest; fingerprints based reorganization have been effectively employed intended for over one hundred years in law and forensics enforcement agencies to recognize and arrest criminals. However, as biometrics infuses our society, this detection technology featuring novel challenges. Biometric is the mainly secure as well as suitable authentication system. It is not able to be stolen, borrowed or elapsed as well as falsify that is mainly impossible. Biometrics based detection and calculations are based on individuals exceptional behavioral or physical features to identify or validate their characteristics. General physical biometrics comprise hand, fingerprints or retina, palm geometry iris, plus facial features. Behavioral characters features comprise voice, signature, gait and keystroke. http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/GeneralBiometrics/JainKumarNextGenBiometrics_BookChap10.pdf. Introduction Biometrics taken as an automatic detection of people foundational on their physiological or behavioral features. Uni-modal new technologies based biometric systems carry out person identification foundational on a single source of biometric data and are influenced through issues similar to non-universality, noisy sensor data plus lack of independence of the selection of the biometric attribute, lack of an invariant illustration for the biometric feature as well as vulnerability to circumvention. A number of these issues are able to be improved through making use of the state-of-the-art integrated biometric systems that combines confirmation as of numerous biometric sources. Combination of proofs acquired from numerous indication is a challenging aspect plus combining at the identical score level is the majority widespread method for the reason that it presents the most excellent trade-off among the information content as well as the easiness in integration. http://www.cse.msu.edu/biometrics/Publications/Thesis/KarthikNandakumar_BiometricIntegration_MS05.pdf In this research I will present a deep and detailed analysis of some of major areas and aspects of the use of biometrics and bio-information to support new systems integration. In this research I will attempt to outline how biometrics and bio-information technology will help and support new systems integration. Biometric Technologies There are numerous biometric systems and technologies to facilitate diverse kinds of implementations. To select the correct biometric to be extremely effective for the particular state, one has to map through several multifaceted vendor products as well as keep an eye on future technology based plus standards enhancements. Here below I have outlined some of major list of biometrics technology and systems: Fingerprints appear at the patterns discovered on a fingertip. There are multiplicities of methods to fingerprint authentication for example as customary police technique, by means of pattern-matching systems or tools, plus things similar to more border patterns plus ultra-sonics. This appears to be a extremely high-quality preference for in-house systems. Hand geometry entails assessing and analyzing plus determining the structure and shape of the hand. It might be appropriate where there are more clients or where client access the system occasionally. Accurateness is able to be extremely high if preferred, as well as flexible performance tuning plus arrangement are able to contain numerous of applications. Corporations are making use of hand geometry readers in diverse scenarios, comprising attendance and time recording. Retina is a biometric entails assessing the layer of blood vessels located at the back of the human eye. This method entails making use of the a low intensity light source by means of an optical coupler to scan the distinctive eye blood vessels patterns of the eye’s retina. Retinal scanning is able to be quite perfect however does necessitate the user to look into a receptacle as well as focus on a particular point inside the system. Iris based technology of biometric systems entails assessing characteristics discovered in the colored eye ring of tissue of humans that surrounds the pupil. This utilizes a reasonably usual camera component and necessitates no close contact among the client and the reader. Additionally, it has the power for higher than standard template matching competence. Face recognition based system investigations facial features. It necessitates a digital camera to build up a facial image of the client intended for verification. For the reason that facial scanning requires additional peripheral things that are not incorporated in fundamental personal computers, it is more of a position marketplace intended for network verification. Though, the casino business has capitalized on this technology to produce a human’s facial database of scam artists intended for rapid recognition through security staff. Signature based authentication systems make use of the investigation the means client signs his name. Signing features for example velocity, speed as well as pressure are as significant as the complete signatures fixed shape. People are intended to signatures by means of transaction associated characteristics confirmation. Voice based system that is used for the verification is foundational on voice-to-print verification, where complex technology changes voice into text. Voice technology based biometrics necessitates a microphone, that is accessible by means of personal computers these days Voice biometrics is to substitute the presently employed techniques, for example passwords, PINs or account names. However voice will be a matching method intended for finger-scan systems as numerous people notice finger scanning like a superior verification form. http://www.peterindia.net/BiometricsView.html Al-Hijaili, S. J., & AbdulAziz, M. (2011). BIOMETRICS IN HEALTH CARE SECURITY SYSTEM, IRIS-FACE FUSION SYSTEM. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(1), 11–19 Biometric Technology There are 4 technological developments that will direct to development of 2nd generation biometrics technology based systems; (i) Appearance of potentially novel biometric qualities (ii) Additional value offered through soft biometrics (iii) Efficient utilize of numerous biometric traits intended for large-scale human identification (iv) Technologies to make sure an elevated degree of confidentiality, safety and flexibility in the practice of biometrics systems. The potential as well as the issues for the next generation biometrics systems and technologies are enormous. The expansion of 2nd generation biometrics technologies is obtainable to be collective and permanent effort, before resultant from a particular novel invention. The low rate of biometrics technology based sensors and satisfactory matching performance have been the controlling aspects in the status of fingerprint modality intended for viable practice. Sustained developments in the corresponding performance as well as steady decrease in price of biometrics sensors are able to be increasing sufficient to modify the collection of biometrics modalities in future. The expansion of smart sensing systems and technologies will permit the developers and researchers to successfully exploit comprehensive biometric characteristics as well as build-up high performance matchers by means of well-organized noise exclusion methods. Similar complicated efforts are able to attain a great deal desired gains from the 2nd generation biometrics technologies at quicker pace. The require of consistently handle identities intended for security as well as verification reasons is not limited to homeland security as well as security agencies. It is gradually more the distress of other public regions entities as well as private businesses, similar as healthcare suppliers as well as banks. The level of this challenge is increasing on a daily foundation. Pressures on financial plans as well as partial resources require earlier and more exact performance of necessary tasks. This is more pertinent than ever in light of the growing amount of travelers as well as transactions as the worldwide population carry-on to grow. These jobs comprise the processing of asylum systems, the even flow of cross-border traffic, verification of criminal individuality as well as controlled access to armed services, health records and even bank accounts. Inside this landscape, progressively businesses are turning towards biometric systems and technologies. Biometrics systems hold the key to superior competence, correctness and speed. Normally focused on fingerprints, the constant drive for improved accuracy while handling higher transaction volumes is creating a development in the direction of the multi-modal biometric systems and application. http://www.steria.com/fileadmin/com/sharingOurViews/publications/files/Brochure-Biometrics.pdf.pdf http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/GeneralBiometrics/JainKumarNextGenBiometrics_BookChap10.pdf Why Biometrics and Bio-information Integration Uni-modal biometric technology based systems carry out person identification foundational on a single source of biometric or available information. Similar technology based systems are frequently influenced through the some of major issues, outlined below: Noisy sensor data is one of major reason that leads to higher issues in case of facial detection. In this case noise can be there in the obtained biometric data primarily because of faulty or indecently handled detection sensors. For instance, buildup of dirt or the residual remains on a finger-print sensor is able to present some of noisy finger-print image. Malfunction to spotlight the camera suitably is able to lead to blurring in iris or face images. The detection precision of a biometric technology based system that is extremely sensitive to the quality of the biometric input as well as noisy data is able to outcome in a major decrease in the accurateness of the biometric detection system. Non-universality is also one of major issues in detection system, where each person in the target population is capable to offer the biometric trait intended for detection, then the trait is outlined as universal. Universality is one of the fundamental needs used for a biometric identifier based system. Though, not the entire biometric qualities are in fact widespread. The NIST or National Institute of Standards and Technology has outlined that it is not feasible to get a high-quality quality finger-print from about 2% of the populace. Therefore, similar people are not able to be registered in a finger-print authentication arrangement. Likewise, persons encompassing long eye lashes plus those having some of kind of eye based irregularity or diseases similar to aniridia, glaucoma, cataract or nystagmus are not able to offer high-quality iris pictures used for automatic human detection system. Non-universality takes to Failure to Capture or some kind of Failure to Enroll issues in a biometric detection based system. Lack of individuality is also one of major issue in detection based systems. For example in characteristics taken out as of biometric features of dissimilar people is able to be quite analogous. For instance, appearance supported facial characteristics that are usually employed in the majority of the present face recognition based technology of systems are discovered to have partial bias ability. A little amount of the population is able to encompass almost matching facial emergence because of genetic characteristics (for example identical twins, father and son…). This lack of distinctiveness augments the FMR or False Match Rate of a biometric technology based detection system. Lack of invariant representation: The biometric data obtained as of a client all-through human authentication will not be matching to the data employed intended for producing the client’s template al through the enrollment. This is recognized as “intra class dissimilarity. The differences can be because of inappropriate communication of the client by the sensor (for example transformations because of translation, rotation as well as implemented pressure when the client places his finger on a finger-print sensor, transformations in pose as well as appearance when the client stands in front of a camera, etc.), utilize of dissimilar sensors all through the employment as well as authentication, transformations in the ambient environmental circumstances (for example lighting transformation in a face detection system) as well as intrinsic transformations in the biometric attribute (for example exterior of lines because of presence of facial hair or aging changes in face images, existence of scars in a finger-print, etc.). Preferably, the characteristics taken out as of the biometric data have to be comparatively invariant to these transformations. Though, in the majority of realistic biometric technology based systems the characteristics are not invariant as well as consequently complex matching algorithms are necessary to obtain these dissimilarities into account. Huge intra class differences typically augment the FNMR or False Non-Match Rate of a biometric technology based system. Vulnerability to circumvention is also main aspects in such system. Though it is extremely hard to take someone’s biometric behavior, it is yet probable intended for an impostor to keep away from a biometric system by means of spoofed behavior. It has been exposed that it is probable to build gummy fingers by means of raised fingerprint imitations as well as make use of them to avoid a biometric system. Behavioral qualities similar to signature as well as voice are more vulnerable to similar security based attacks as compared to physiological behavior. Other types of security based attacks are able to as well be opened to avoid a biometric system. Because of these realistic issues, the fault rates connected by uni-modal biometric technology based systems are fairly high that formulates them intolerable intended for application in protection and safety critical systems. A number of such issues that influence uni-modal biometric systems are able to be ease through making use of integrated biometric technology based systems. Technology based systems that combine signals attained as of two or more biometric technology based sources for the reason of person detection are known as integrated biometric systems. The new technology based integrated biometric systems have numerous benefits over uni-modal systems. Through integration of Biometrics and Bio-information can considerably enhance the general correctness of the biometric detection system. Integrated biometric systems are able to decrease the FTE/FTC rates as well as offer more opposition beside spoofing for the reason that it is hard to at the same time spoof numerous biometric detections and checking sources. Integrated systems are able to as well offer the potential to investigate a huge database in an well-organized as well as fast style. This is able to be attained through by means of a comparatively straightforward however less precise modality to prune the database previous to employing the more composite and precise modality on the continuing data to carry out the ultimate recognition job. Though, integrated biometric systems as well have a number of issues. They are more costly as well as necessitate more resources intended for computation plus storage as compared uni-modal biometric technology based systems. Integrated technology based systems normally necessitate more time intended for authentication and enrollment reasoning several problems to the client. Ultimately, the system accurateness is able to in fact degrade contrast to the uni-modal system if a suitable method is not taken intended for uniting the confirmation offered through the diverse modalities. Though, the benefits of integrated technology based systems far balance the limits plus therefore, similar arrangements are being more and more applied in security based significant implementations. http://www.cse.msu.edu/biometrics/Publications/Thesis/KarthikNandakumar_BiometricIntegration_MS05.pdf Gokulkumari, G., & Lakshmi, A. (2011). Study of Effects and Perceptual Analysis in Implementing Biometric Authentication. European Journal of Scientific Research, 61(2), 242–254. Han, Y. (2011). Bioworks: A Workflow System for Automation of Bioinformatics Analysis Processes. 2011 International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Multimedia Applications, 3(4), 76–81. doi:10.1109/UCMA.2011.25 How to Integrate Information? The design of a integrated technology based biometric system is powerfully reliant on the system working and operational situation Numerous integrated biometric technology based systems have been projected in literature that be different as of one another regarding their working arrangement, the amount and preference of biometric modalities, the intensity at that the proof is collected plus the techniques employed for the incorporation or synthesis of data. There are 4 levels of bio-information integration are probable in an integrated biometric system. They are integration at sensor level, characteristic mining level, corresponding score level as well as decision making level. Sensor level integration is quite rare for the reason that integration at this point needs that the information attained as of the diverse biometric sensors have to be well-matched, that is seldom the situation by biometric sensors. Incorporation at the characteristic level is as well not for all time probable for the reason that the characteristic sets employed through diverse biometric modalities can either be unreachable or mismatched. Integration at the system detection decision rank is too inflexible as simply a partial amount of bio-details are accessible. Consequently, integration at the identical score level is normally chosen because of the occurrence of enough data content as well as the easiness in accessing as well as joining corresponding scores. In the scenario, of confirmation, incorporation at the corresponding score level are able to be attained in two separate means. In the initial technique the incorporation is taken as a categorization difficulty, as in the subsequent method, it is taken as an arrangement difficulty. In the detection classification method, a characteristic vector is created by means of the identical scores results through the individual matchers; this characteristic vector is then categorized into one of 2 classes: Reject (impostor) or “Accept” (genuine user). In the grouping method, the particular corresponding scores are united to produce a single scalar score that is then employed to formulate the ultimate decision. Equally these methods have been extensively assessed in the literature. It is assessed that arrangement of these methods achieve better as compared to a number of classification techniques similar to decision tree as well as linear discriminate analysis. Though, it has to be assessed that no particular classification or grouping method works effectively under the entire circumstances. http://www.cse.msu.edu/biometrics/Publications/Thesis/KarthikNandakumar_BiometricIntegration_MS05.pdf Khan, A., Farhan, M., Khurshid, A., & Akram, A. (2011). A Multimodal Biometric System Using Linear Discriminant Analysis For Improved Performance. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 8(6), 122–127. Stiglic, G., Mertik, M., Kokol, P., & Pighin, M. (2007). Detecting Fault Modules Using Bioinformatics Techniques. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 17(01), 153–165. Large­scale Systems Integration Applications Biometric technology based systems that are able to successfully and powerfully operate in ultra large-scale or ULS systems, for example those able of facilitating hundreds of millions of registered clients, and have numerous possible prospects. Similar technology based systems will be capable to facilitate National-ID plans or develop homeland safety, e-commerce, plus extra efficient application of social wellbeing planes in nations with huge inhabitants (for example China, India as well as US). The prospects from biometrics technology based systems for similar huge-scale systems are able to be summarized as follows: High accuracy as well as output underneath changing operating circumstances as well as user composition Sensor interoperability Fast set of biometric data in harsh functioning situations by means of virtually no failure to enroll rate High levels of confidentiality as well as template safety Safe facilitating to the operating systems or information The four major well-known biometric technology based modalities established nowadays are fingerprint, face, hand geometry and iris. The initial generation biometric technology based systems normally established a single modality, mainly fingerprint (ten prints), intended for huge-scale systems. As the automated border crossing in numerous nations (for example USA as well as Japan) necessitates verification by means of fingerprints, the new technology based biometric system in the UK is established on iris biometric verification plus the one in Australia is foundational on face based detection. The US secret agency FBI has broaden on its NGI or New Generation Identification project intended for law management and enforcement systems that will combine face, fingerprints plus palm-prints along by a number of soft biometrics similar to marks, scars as well as tattoos (SMT). The national administration of India has newly publicized an innovative project, known as Unique ID to offer flexible and distinctive recognition number to its over one billion people. This continuing project is predictable to generate the biggest biometric database on the planet as well as on its flourishing achievement; it is able to turn out to be a model of extremely huge-scale utilize of biometrics in electronic governance. It is normally supposed that the recovery of biometrics patterns from the database of India’s billion plus inhabitants will need extremely competent indexing methods intended for biometric data. Consequently, the design as well as development of well-organized and efficient huge-scale indexing methods intended for the (multi-) biometric data is one more challenge in the proficient utilizes of huge-scale biometric technology based systems. The independence or the attainable acknowledgment performance from the selected biometric modality is another significant principle when millions of individualities require being distinguished. The occurrence of matching twins is as well an issue that requires concerns in huge-scale implementations. In this scenario, incorporated biometric systems that are able to concurrently utilize numerous biometric modalities (for example numerous two irises, fingers, iris and finger, etc.) are predictable to present superior precision and are able to as well deal with the issues of non-universality. There is variety of biometric incorporation techniques planned however, it comes into view that the straightforward sum rule, through appropriate normalization of identical scores, does an sufficient job in the majority situations. Biometrics technology based systems that are able to concurrently obtain numerous modalities are likely to turn out to be admired in huge-scale applications by data gathering in the field. http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/GeneralBiometrics/JainKumarNextGenBiometrics_BookChap10.pdf Turinsky, A. L., Ah-Seng, A. C., Gordon, P. M. K., Stromer, J. N., Taschuk, M. L., Xu, E. W., & Sensen, C. W. (2005). Bioinformatics visualization and integration with open standards: the Bluejay genomic browser. In silico biology, 5(2), 187–98. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15972014 Transforming and integrating your biometrics capability New technology base biometrics systems is transforming the simplicity of use, exactness as well as performance of customary biometrics technology based solutions. It is offering more dependable identity authentication in criminal justice and healthcare plus facilitating in a great deal of efficient way regarding well-organized immigration plus cross-border travel. It is incorporating one more layer to police as well as defense security procedures. This technology is also facilitating to fight against the more and more intelligent illegal movements in regionsfor example economic services. New integrated biometrics technology is now working and operational in flowing major areas of corporations: Biometrics technology in business logics is able for the defining the workflow arrangement of biometric solutions we require, making sure our implementations are employed as successfully as possible. Compliance: In this scenario, this technology is able for making sure that we have technical potentials to broadcast information in line by means of international and national technology necessities intended for transmitting as well as receiving data. National, plus international policies: Offering workflow as well as data captures recommendation on utilize, capture as well as storage of biometric data and information as of regulations leading human rights, confidentiality, data safety, etc. Architecture: Biometrics technology offers support and leadership on the architectural design of our technology solutions Integration: Biometrics technology and related integrating biometrics solutions by means of our obtainable internal or 3rd party solutions plus handling huge verity of interfaces by means of other organizations. Operations: Biometrics technology offers support for maintenance as well as support large plus difficult biometrics support. http://www.steria.com/fileadmin/com/sharingOurViews/publications/files/Brochure-Biometrics.pdf.pdf http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/Publications/GeneralBiometrics/JainKumarNextGenBiometrics_BookChap10.pdf Systems integration expertise Biometrics technology offers power as worldwide systems integrator is a serious aspect in supporting to bring biometrics policies to life. Biometrics technology offers deep understanding of the difficult associations, interfaces as well as safety controls that facilitate our clients to handle the real-time stream of biometric information countrywide as well as across borders. For instance, as crime turns out to be more and more worldwide, we are able to put together by obtainable technology to offer very fast identification and utilize of the iris, face as well as other biometrics technology based data registered inside different databases, comprising those managing criminal records as well as prisoner details. Other instances comprise: EURODAC: it is a biometrics technology based project is used or the border controls, those are relaxed all through Europe, the job of policing prohibited movement has developed in tandem. In this scenario, biometrics technology offered support to ease this pressure. Through biometrics technology, there is implementation of the EURODAC (European fingerprint database intended for identifying asylum seekers and irregular cross border travelers) biometry system on a European scale intended for the European Commission. It practices immigration system needs plus permits associate nations to ensure if refuge has previously been sought in another associate country. A particular registration gets small amount of time plus contradicts require for lengthy examinations each time asylum is sought. Norway: There is Biometra project intended for the Norwegian Police that offers a fundamental communications server by means that numerous internal as well as outside applications interface to provide numerous thousands of clients the ability to download as well as utilize biometrics technology. Biometrics technology based project of European Union Visa Information System (VIS): biometrics technology is primary the group offering the Schengen Visa European Database comprising biometrics data, details, information that is used for supporting member states to contribute Schengen visas as well as fight against visa fraud. By means of the support of Biometrics technology VIS, border guards are capable to confirm whether the person presenting a visa is its legal holder of it. Belgium: Biometrics technology incorporation expertise was known as through the Belgian Police intended for whom technology development industry incorporated an AFIS solution by means of their obtainable systems. http://www.steria.com/fileadmin/com/sharingOurViews/publications/files/Brochure-Biometrics.pdf.pdf Issues in Integrating Biometrics Though the applicability of new technology of the biometric systems plus procedures to huge scale issues has been extensively assessed for pervious few years, the real service of biometrics has been normally restricted to small-scale trial systems, and the small numbers of large scale efforts have been fewer than overpoweringly flourishing. However yet, the discussion of huge-scale biometric system persists to develop, immediately as the biometric business itself. Apart from fundamental problems of cost-per-checkpoint as well as Type-1/Type-2 performance, numerous difficult and consistent issues are concerned in the variety and flourishing accomplishment of biometrics systems. Though these “Integration Problems” are able to be recapitulated in an extremely a small number of constituents of concerns, the problems themselves are able to simply be evaluated plus tackled by means of respect to the explicit, comprehensive needs of a specific application. Biometric Integration Issues comes up since, normally, there is no totally “off-the-shelf” explanation that a biometric potential will suit the entire areas of a particular system. The procedure of integrate the biometric into a complete systems solution necessitates the accomplishment of interfaces plus applications systems, as well as the incorporation of together custom as well as commercial mechanisms into a exclusive application, that is custom customized to convince the entire of the operational, functional and technical needs of the system. When a biometric technology based system has been chosen for a specific application, a systematic evaluation of the biometric based technology system and products have to be formulated as explained in the previous sections, by means of respect to the comprehensive necessities of the system. This procedure will recognize the needs intended for custom system and structure development and incorporation. The integration of biometric technology issues, then, are an evaluation of how to carry-out the development plus incorporation of custom abilities as well as to put together the application through the obtainable systems arrangement. http://www.fpusa.com/docs/IssuesinIntegratingBiometrics.pdf Integrated Biometric Technology Development This section will present a deep and detailed analysis of some of major areas and aspects of the integrated biometric system development. Here below I have presented some of major areas and aspects of such system development major development structures. Device Capabilities API Computer System Interfacing Capabilities Built-in Applications Development Issues Here below I have outlined some of major issues and aspects regarding development of the integration of biometric technology: Development of biometric technology systems and Tools Source Code accessibility of the biometric technology Technical OEM/Integrator-Level Documentation Support Issues Here below I have outlined some of major issues and aspects regarding support of the integration of biometric technology: Manufacturer Technical Support for biometric technology development and application Manufacturer Maintenance Support for biometric technology development and application Third Party Support for biometric technology development and application http://www.fpusa.com/docs/IssuesinIntegratingBiometrics.pdf Conclusions Though biometrics technology is turning out to be an essential fraction of the identity management systems, present biometric technology based systems do not have 100 percent accuracy. A number of the aspects that influence the precision of biometric systems comprise non-universality, noisy input, non-distinctiveness and lack of invariant illustration. Additional, biometric technology based systems are as well vulnerable to security based attacks. A biometric technology based system that incorporates numerous cues are able to beat several of these boundaries and attain improved performance. Widespread research work has been performed to recognize enhanced techniques to unite the information attained from numerous sources. It is hard to carry out information incorporation at the beginning phases of processing (feature and sensor levels). In several situations, combination at the sensor as well as feature levels cannot even be probable. Biometric technology Integration at the decision level is too naive because of the partial information content accessible at this level. Consequently, researchers have normally desired incorporation at the matching score level that presents the most excellent compromise flanked by information content as well as simplicity in integration. One of major issues in the score level integration of bio-metric is that the identical scores generated through diverse biometric matchers are not for all time analogous. These scores are able to have diverse qualities as well as several normalization methods is essential to formulate the arrangement of scores significant. One more limitation of the present integration of bio-metric methods is their failure to manage soft biometric data and information, particularly when the soft information is not extremely accurate. This research has offered a deep and detailed analysis of some major areas and aspects of use of Biometrics and Bio-information to Support New Systems Integration. This research has highlighted some of major working and operational areas of this technology. This research has also tried to outlined a deep and comprehensive analysis of major areas and aspects of use of Biometrics and Bio-information to Support New Systems Integration. References Read More
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