Telecommunication and Wireless Technologies - Essay Example

?Telecommunication and Wireless technologies: Introduction: The later part of 20th century has been categorized by modern technologies and science (Gow & Smith 2006 p.6). Between these technologies is one of the most dominant one that has overtaken every walk of life and is contributing to the comfort of mankind in one way or other. This force comes in form of computers and communication. These two have changed the concept of how communications were being held in past. What was being done in months and weeks in a mere matter of few hours and minutes now. A person sitting in other corner of the world is no distant anymore and can be connected through wireless means in no time. The scope of technology and communication is not limited to any particular field or scope, rather it has helped making different sectors more easy to work with. Information system is an entire concept which is based on the implementation and installing of the information system in the organizations and networks for the benefit of fast working and easy execution of tasks. Literature Review: The journey of modern communication can be stretched back to the days when the communication means were slowly being transformed from wired communication to wireless ones. The wireless concept was a totally new idea which provided the people with more options in terms of the remote facility, usage of the mobile phones on the go, better services, and many more functionalities that were simply not provided by the wired telephone networks. This wireless technology came in form of 1st generation technologies formally known as the 1.G. these standards were specified by a centralized body known as the International telecommunication Union (I.T.U), which looks into the matters of communication and networks and aims for further advancements and developments. I .T.U is a centralized body that looks into various aspects of the overall communication technologies promoting safer communications, specifying rules and regulations, dedicating channels and frequencies, providing platforms for further research, collaborating with other mega partners towards improvements of the communication technologies and also ensuring that the communication technologies are incorporated into other fields for the purpose of welfare of mankind and society. The first generation technology was formally known as the AMPS technology(Arokiamary 2009) which is acronym for Advanced Mobile Phone Services, these services were characteristic of being analogue in nature, facilitating limited number of customers across a dedicated channel, and with limited or no secure mechanism for protecting the privacy and data of the customers. Another characteristic of this concept was its limitation to mere voice traffic and being void of the data communications. To bring about advancements in the concept of wireless means of communication, a step forward was taken in form of migration towards second generation technologies which were formally known as the 2.G, which again was being parented by the I.T.U. The 2nd Generation technologies were meant for overcoming all the short comings that were there in the 1st generation technologies in form of the limited capacity, limited channel and customer entertaining, less secure means of operations. All this was overcome by transferring the overall concept to digital transmission and relying on the digital signal in contrast to the analogue signals which were largely in practice in the predecessor technological servicing entity. Few of the features of the second generation technologies included digital transmission, higher frequency bands, more secure algorithms adoption for the purpose of improved functioning and secure services, along with the using of channels and coding techniques that made the overall process of communication easy not just for the subscribers but the service providers as well. Some of the major concepts and entities of the second generation technologies include the usage of G.S.M (Global Systems for Mobile Communications), G.P.R.S (General Packet Radio Systems), E.D.G.E( Enhanced Data G.S.M. Environment) and other relevant terms and concepts which make the transmission possible(Garg, 2002). This was being transformed and further taken a step forward by the 3rd generation technologies. 3.G again parented and introduced by I.T.U, with aim of further advancements, the goals were that of improving the channel capacity, introducing coding techniques that were more reliable such as usage of C.D.M.A over mere F.D.M.A, with each channel and its data and packets being coded and protected for the purpose of safety and security. One of the salient features of the 3.G technologies was that of the video call offer and service. It for the first time enabled the subscribers making using of the video calling functionality and adding further to the benefits that were being provided by the technology of wireless communications already. The present standing is at 4G and beyond. This technology is coined in, in form of the WIMAX technologies (Coonan, 2008), which are a totally different and new set of operations and concept in itself with the usage of frequency band that have never been used before. For example the 2.G and 3.G made use of the Mega Hertz frequency band spectrum, while the 4.G for the first time made use of the Giga Hertz frequency band, which as the basic knowledge would imply allows facilitating more users, better transmission rates, and most importantly making use of the F.D.M.A concepts with packets being protected enough along with being speeded enough for reliable transmissions. The concept of 4th Generation technologies has expanded the means of communication and they enabled facilitating multi fold users and subscribers over a particular network compared to the earlier technologies that were being introduced in yester years Analysis: The introduction of technologies is not just limited to these four generations rather many more concepts and facilities have been introduced along in parallel for the purpose of making the wireless technologies a more reliable and vibrant means that can help the society and people in various ways. Concepts like Wi-Fi, Blue tooth, VOIP (Aiello & Dobkin, 2008) are few of the concepts that have been introduced in parallel and are the achievements of the overall wireless communication world of science which have helped the mankind in many ways. The aforementioned technologies find their application in almost all fields and they are not just limited to a few domains only. Ranging from the daily life routine phone conversations to the situations of emergency and unforeseen situations, to the events of reaching to the other planets, all these and many more have been enabled through the wireless communications. It has changed the concept of how people used to communicate in past, people no more need to rely on the physical world communications, a prime example of this is the communication that is being held in form of the digital communication via mobile phone, sms, internet, and many more functions and services, these have virtually reduced the need for going to a particular place physically and performing a task, since all of it can be done through the digital means. The VOIP concept, which has been incorporated in recent times for usage in various domains, it finds large application in the field of business and enterprise operations. Video conferences are being held via this technology, and the officials and other designated people of the government departments, business enterprises, commercial organizations and others do not have to visit the places physically, rather the virtual conferences and interactions are being employed which have made things so easy. G.P.S is another gift of the wireless entity, which incorporated with the G.S.M technologies have made many things possible, predominately used for tracking and navigation, almost all new vehicles and the aero planes are equipped with the global positioning systems which enable finding the tracks and paths and thereby have eliminated the need for physical maps that were once in practice in earlier times. Recommendations: The wireless communications have changed the outlook of how social activities are being undertaken, no office, and no house nor can any enterprise be found that does not make use of the wireless communications services. No concept of existence in the digital world can be imagined without embracing to the wireless and communication technologies. However a balance needs to be established in terms of the reliance over digital medium and human beings must not become totally handicapped in front of the digital miracles. Privacy is a main concern whenever communications are being made on wireless interface; the signal interception was one of the most serious issues that were being faced in the case of 1st generation technologies. With time the technologies have become more useful and more protective in terms of the privacy that was being stressed for. It is still in need of certain improvements in terms of the viruses and bugs that at times show up in form of the penetration into the network. Conclusion: The wireless technologies are here to stay, they are bound to progress and they will further facilitate the human life and functions in social sphere. Research is being conducted on regular basis for making the entire domain of digital communications more vibrant and dynamic. Hence it can be concluded that the wireless technologies are the true gift of modern science. References: Aiello, R., & Dobkin, D. M. (2008). RF and Wireless Technologies. Newnes. Arokiamary, V. J. (2009). Cellular And Mobile Communications. Technical Publications. Coonan, S. (2008). WiMAX Fundamentals Explained, Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking: Principles, Technology and Applications Handbook. Lulu.com. Garg, V. K. (2002). Wireless Network Evolution: 2G To 3G. Pearson Education. Gow, G. A., & Smith, R. K. (2006). Mobile and Wireless Communications: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill International,. Read More