Paraphasing of Five Abstracts - Essay Example

The thesis offers an alternative approach to managing freight train schedules in both single and double-track railway systems. It explores a scope that previous literature has failed to cover, the rail’s ability to accommodate different levels of demand. Previous literature also fails to consider alternating tracks in railway stations, crossovers, and delays that trains incur during sidings. The author then proposes a management model that is independent of time but considers the factors that have been ignored by previous researchers.

They offer a linear programming approach that is based on data from Canada Pacific Railway (Le 1). Abstract 2: Learning approaches for QoS-based web service trust by Mahamad Mehdi Software developers that operate on wide scopes are changing their designs towards computing systems that are open and diversified. The new models focus on developing links among different users and the quality of achieved connectivity is of supreme interest. One of the new designs is Service Oriented Computing. Users of such systems rely on dependence on one another for the realization of business goals that are often similar but have wide scopes.

The desired quality of the systems’ interaction however dictates the selection of services and the contents of such services, a concept that identifies the need for trust among parties that engage in a network. A user then rates other parties’ trust levels from which services are managed. Based on this interaction model, services that offer more trust assume higher probabilities of being incorporated into a user’s system. The authors, in an attempt to understand the trustworthiness of services through Bayesian inferences and Bayesian Networks, simulates a machine learning task and apply the probability concept in analysis.

The author also offers a model that is based on the Bayesian Network to determine the level of trustworthiness of the Quality of services on the internet. With the test of validity, the researchers establish that statistical distributions for determining levels of trust in web services are flexible, precise, and significant to improving the choice and content of a service (Mehdi 1). Abstract 3: Model-driven aspect-oriented software security hardening by Djedjiga Mouheb The scope of software engineering identifies the significance of security, a concept that people consider and incorporate after the development of software.

This means that software developers complete their work without provisions for security and security aspects are fixed later in the software’s life. The current nature of the software environment is complicated, with a poor directional influence that has however facilitated the approach to software security despite its high costs and its effect on the reduced security level of a system. This means that security systems are integrated into software but the software remains susceptible to threats. The widely scoped need for security for all software also means that each security system is used, diversely, in many features of the software.

The approach to software security that is also manual is labor intensive and is prone to errors that may further compromise software security.