Slip of the Tongue in Arabic and Psycholinguistics - Report Example

Slip of the Tongue in Arabic and Psycholinguistics The aims, objectives, methodological approach, ethics and the existing literature Slip of the Tongue in Arabic and Psycholinguistics Introduction Slip of the tongue refers to an error committed by a person when giving a speech .It creates excitement to the listeners, but it is embarrassing to the speaker. However, it is inconsequential in most of the cases. There exists a huge number of slips of the tongue in Arabic language .These are categorized differently with regard to the errors which emanate from the slip of the tongue in the Arabic language and psycholinguistics. The errors committed in psycholinguistic speech range from the substitution of words to sectoral substitution of words. The slips of the tongue have different features and similarities given the many tribes and races. However, there exists a limitation with regard to the slips of the tongue which Prediction of slip tongues, reversal errors and semantic errors (Kassis, 2008). Slip of the Tongue in Arabic and Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistic refers to the study of language with regard to the psychological and neurobiological factors of the human beings. Psycholinguistic theories like behavioral, social interaction, cognitive and the nativist theory, explain the objectives, occurrence and the various forms of the slips of tongue in Arabic, English and other languages. The theories reveal the circumstances under which these errors occur. However, the theories are almost similar when subjected to detailed analysis. The aforementioned analyses are based on errors in the speeches of languages under review. The above theories identify arrangement of slips of the tongue, the genesis of slips of the tongue, forecasting slips of the tongue, and the detection and correction of errors (Newmeyer, 2005). The person who writes identifies some assumptions made on the slips of a tongue and any new finding on the subject by a previous researcher. A sharp contrast between English and Arabic language has been drawn from the analyses though there are some similarities between the two languages. This implies that not all the hypotheses apply to the two languages. According to (Geva-Kleinberger, 2009) slips of the tongue are highly prearranged and determined by the linguistic system. Limitations with regard to the occurrence of slips of the tongue involve Wells three laws on the determination of tongue slips whereby a slip of the tongue is perceived to be phonetically possible noise. For instance, when two words have similar beats, they will look alike if they are combined. In addition, if the two words have a comparable resonance then they will still resemble each other. Another constraint is the reversal of errors whereby the reversal phonemes are similar and repeated phonemes occur before and after the occurrence of the reversed phonemes. The other constraint with regard t these linguistic errors is that the phonemes in the original position of the syllables replaces the original phonemes while the final phonemes replace the final phonemes. The last limitations are concerned with the semantic errors whereby a wrongly chosen word belongs to the same word class often. The aims and objectives Slip of the tongue in both psycholinguistics and Arabic language results to amusement for many linguists. Indeed it also provides a source of research studies on the various subjects related to these linguistic errors in communication like the discipline of psychology. In addition, they lead to great insight in application of the models of generating speeches in both Arabic and English languages. In addition the means through which the linguistic errors occur are explored. Slip of the tongue in Arabic and psycholinguistics is aimed at identifying the personalities of people. In addition, it is aimed at concealing information deemed confidential. In addition, this aspect is used in order to create humor and entertainment to the parties involved. Slip of the tongue in both psycholinguistics and Arabic language results to amusement for many linguists. Indeed, it also provides a source of research studies on the various subjects related to these linguistic errors in communication like the discipline of psychology. In addition, they lead to great insight in application of the models of generating speeches in both Arabic and English languages It is also used for the purpose of stressing a point being conveyed at any instance owing to presentation method. This is quite exciting to some individuals. Indeed, this aspect is considered a common phenomenon in the Arabic world and it is because of the natural structure of the people in the Arabic continent. On the other hand, the aforementioned theories broadly explain the various objectives of psycholinguistics and how these linguistic errors occur especially in the English language (Mol, 2007). The methodological approach A methodology is a master plan which provides solutions to problems. It constitutes of description of the principles, techniques, tools, procedures, research design, data collection methods that are to be employed in execution of the master plan. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies can be employed in order to achieve the various objectives of the study on this aspect of slip of the tongue. Research design constitutes of the logistics of the research study, the type of research being done and the variables under consideration. This design enhances the effectiveness of the study because it controls the data and findings of a study. Research articles containing the Arabic text mining can be obtained during the literature review stage (Meringer, 2006). When quantitative analysis is employed, all data is obtained through sources in the public domain. Arabic content is also obtained from related websites. Furthermore, the WEKA business tool is used in the carrying out of the analysis because it is readily available. Ethical Considerations Ethics is defined as moral principles governing the conducts of the community members. It is concerned with the organizing and advocating for what is morally right in the society. The ethical consideration is very crucial because human dignity should be upheld all the time with regard to esteem for individuals, the wellbeing of persons and, and fairness. The slip of the tongue involves the human being; therefore, it is subject to the morals that guide the society. Indeed, the heads of the linguistic institution have set the ethical standards and policies relating to the slip of the tongue aspect. These standards and policies are helpful in resolving ethical issues that crop up especially when linguistic errors result to ridicule of the speakers. This is manifest during the process of linguistic consulting and elicitation whereby an individual is required to give a comprehensive analysis of his or her understanding on a particular language (Kassis, 2008). Literature The literature on Slip of the tongue in Arabic and psycholinguistics subject is Respublica, whereby Avarice introduced Adulation in the name of openness. Moreover, the Arabic literature can be obtained from scholarly websites and Arabic research centers and higher institutions of learning. However, there is a limitation of exhaustive literature with regard to this subject thus it is always plausible to analyze the few available sources in order to give reliable deductions. Conclusion Given the many issues that have been highlighted with regard to the slip of the tongue in psycholinguistics and Arabic, these linguistic errors should be approached objectively. During linguistic study, ethical and moral principles should be adhered to in order to safeguard the human dignity which a basic necessity for a person because it is the one that enhances high self-esteem of an individual. References Geva-Kleinberger, A. (2009). Autochthonous texts in the Arabic dialect of the Jews of Tiberias. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Kassis, R. A. (2008). The book of proverbs and Arabic proverbial works. Leiden: Brill. Meringer, R., & Mayer, K. (2006). Versprechen und Verlesen: Eine psychologisch-linguistiche\ Studies (Mistakes in speech and reading: A psychological and linguistic study). Stuttgart: Gщschense Verlagsbuchhandlung. Mol, M. (2007). Variation in modern standard Arabic in radio news broadcasts: A synchronic descriptive investigation into the use of complementary particles. Dudley, Mass: Peeters. Newmeyer, F. J. (2005). Linguistics, the Cambridge survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Read More