The Need to Unite Tribes in Iraq - Essay Example

THE NEED TO UNITE TRIBES IN IRAQ 0 Introduction The nation of Iraq has faced many political tides because of the scramble for the control of the great Arabic nation. The groups, which are at rivalry, include the Kurds, the Shiites, and the Sunni communities. The Saddam Hussein government aimed at the promotion of the interests of the Sunni people and isolated the other two communities; which formed a formidable political force. The tyranny of the Saddam Hussein administration culminated in the civil upheavals, and the government was forced to impose martial rule among the warring people. This situation notwithstanding, the end of the Saddam Hussein reign did not eliminate the ethnic factions of the Iraq nation. Therefore, there is a need to establish the problems and the respective solutions to the various problems ailing the oil-rich country. 2.0 The nature of these problems 2.1 Geopolitical problems The geopolitical problem of the nation is based on the ethnic lines; the three Iraq communities that include the Sunni, Kurds and the Shiites, from three different political fronts. The Sunni tribe was led by Saddam Hussein. The dictatorial leadership of Saddam Hussein made led to civil unrest in the country. According to Ozoglu, the unrest was attributed to the lack of democracy and uneven distribution of national resources.1 The Sunni was favored in government resource allocations. 2.2. Religious problems The country also faced religious problems. The Iraq nation is an Islamic nation. However, the Sunni tribe was associated with Extremists, Jihadists, who are fond of causing terror attacks. The tendency compelled the other tribes to respond to the extremism negatively. In fact, the terrorist attacks attracted the international community. The US invaded to eliminate the extremists. The president of Iraq during that time, Saddam Hussein, was executed because he was the leader of the faction involved in terrorism in the country. Iraqs condition of issues is reliant on a cutting edge approach. The detachment between the state and religion is instrumental enclosure the wrangles experienced in Iraq. The absence of partition between the state and the religion prompted the Arab spring.2 The uproar for popular government in the Arab countries prompted the Arab spring developments, which ousted numerous pioneers in the Arab world. For example, the political distress experienced in Syria and Iraq is ascribed to the impact of religious convictions on political moves. 2.3 Terror problems The Sunni people were associated with terrorism because their leader practiced autocratic leadership. The jihadists came from the tribe of Sunni. The people caused mayhem in the country and the world at large. The nation became worse when Saddam allowed the military to take charge of the civil community. The move was a recipe for disorder and massive killings. The terrorists of the Sunni community increased in number because they had a government backing. Moreover, the government provided them with arms and other resources to carry out their mundane missions. The leader was ruthless to an extent he executed many Iraq nations prejudicially. 2.4 Regional Problems The nation had a regional problem with countries like Iran and Syria. The Iraq community, which bordered the Syrian nation, opposed the Iraq government. In fact, the Syrian government supported the community in opposing the government of Saddam Hussein. The move sparked animosity between the two nations. The other regional problem was that Iran took advantage of the instability in Iraq to transfer most of the Iraq resources like petroleum products and labor, to its territory. The Iraq government resort to war with the nation. The war led to the destabilization of eh nation’s economic and diplomatic relations. 3.0 The literature review 3.1 Source of Iraq problems 3.1.2 Entrenchment of animosity among tribes The animosity among the tribes contributed to the problems facing the nation. The tribes had potential to lead the nation. However, the isolation of other tribes by the Sunni-led administration exacerbated the situation. Although, the tribal animosity was also fueled by regional problems, the autocratic leadership worsened the situation. The Sunnis and the Shiites groups called a ceasefire and pledged to co-exist in peace and agreement.3 The solidarity made an opportunity for synergistic interest for liberation from the American administer in Iraq. Luckily, the groups solidarity proved to be fruitful because some American military officers left Iraq. Iraq has confronted oppressive guideline for a long time. The authority of the country has prompted the moderate down of financial development and improvement. 3.1.3 Ottoman Sunnite struggle to fight Iran Shiite but with frustration The Ottoman Sunnite’s fight with the Shiite was unsuccessful because of the need for the control of the Iraq nation. The Shiites were opposed to the dictatorial leadership. The tribe, which propagated the autocracy, was the Sunni community. The tribal animosity gave insight on the need for harmonizing the three major tribes of Iraq. As per Elliot, the inconsistency in the middle of innovation and Islam is in charge of the changes confronting the Middle East.4 The Islamic countries are established on the rule of zakat. It is the explanation behind the hatred between the other Middle East country and America. There is the requirement for the reorganization of the Islamic states to acknowledge popular government. Islam ought to be acclimated to follow globalization and different parts of innovation. The religion shows permittivity among the blossoms because the religions standards like Jihad lead to terrorist assaults. The guideline is in charge of the suicide bombs exploded in Iraq in the advanced times. 3.1.4 Separation of people by war and leadership The US invasion of Iraq will be led to the division of communities. The Iraq people had to vacate their homeland country to seek refuge in neighboring states like Syria and Iran. The outbreak of war resulted in the death of many innocent people because there were no evacuation programs prior to the US attack of the nation. The dictatorial administration was coupled with the between tribal ill will in the Iraq society. Dictatorship in the country prompted the loss of numerous lives of guiltless Iraqis, who were clamoring for popular government in a nation torn between tribal lines. The oppressive authority pulled in the US assault given that the nation was connected with Al-Qaeda activists. Al-Saffar asserts that the attack and the long haul stay of the US on Iraq soil never gave a solution for the wrangles sickly the Arabic country.5 This process owes to the way that control of Iraq oil stores was a piece of US plan of attack. In any case, the tribal conflicts finished when the triumph of the Iraq individuals urged all remote contractors in Iraq to consent to the Iraq authoritative procurements. The solidarity of the Kurds, Sunnis and the Shiites guaranteed that the condition of ISIS did not take control of Iraq. The Iraq group solidarity prompted the autonomous tenet of Iraq in 2011.6 The liberation from American control of the country was improved by the consistence of the armed forces to Islamic guidelines and regulations. The Kurds, who structure some piece of the military, backed the liberation of Iraq from the tenet of the American troops. 3.1.5 Land tenure practices favoring some people continued to create a gap between persons in the Iraq society. The land tenure practices favored the Sunni people. The discrimination on land tenure increased the animosity between the two nations. The Shiite and the Kurd community were not given priority in matters pertaining to land. 3.1.6 Ottoman empire contribution to the growth of Iraq The Ottoman Empire led to the growth of Iraq because it ensured that the oil reserves were guarded and utilized for the growth of the economy of Iraq. The extraction of oil and other petroleum products is the major commercial activity of the nation. Therefore, the focus on oil led to the growth of the economy of Iraq. 3.2 Iraq after WW1 3.2.1 The arrival of the British The arrival of the British did not have substantial influence on the tribes of Iraq. It owes to the fact that the British used forceful entry into the Iraq soil. The major objective of the British was the acquisition of oil. Tripp asserts that the increase of ordnance from Russia and monetary movement finished in the Iran-Iraq clash and the Islamic transformation. The Shah group of Iran began to dislike with Iraq and Iraq lethally reacted to the incitement.7 The show of military force was fundamental because both countries had a great strategy with Russia, which is seen to be a middle of military assets. 3.2.2 The British did very little to unite the warring tribes causing the enmity to remain The British could not find a level ground to unite the tribes because they had controversial goals. The agitation for the control of the Iraq oil could not give them a chance to unite the Sunni, Shiite, and the Kurds community. The Iraq Petroleum Company assumed a significant part in the, extracting, transforming, control and supply of oil. The organization had the hardware and supplies for the extraction of oil from oil wells. The hardware and gear were extremely costly, and the organization was vital at the present time extraction, refining, and offer of petroleum oil to the outside world. Oil was the central point, which impacted the political course of the country. The administration was subject to the organization, and a few parts of the legislature were disappointed with the organizations oil control. In any case, the nation did not have any option. The genial association with the Soviet Union got to be solid because Russia profited from the bottomless oil. Moreover, the high income from the oil empowered the nation headed by Qasim and Saddam Hussein separately, to have military solidness. 4.0 Responding to these problems 4.1 Policy work 4.1.2 Constitution The nation of Iraq ensured that the Sharia law was put in place to guide the contracting of projects. The Sharia law favored the Iraq people. This process implies that the foreigners were never given priority pertaining to the allocation of contracts in Iraq. The execution of Saddam Hussein led to the uniting of the communities for the common good. According to DeRouen and  Bellamy, the Qasim, the Ramadan Revolution, Pro-Nasserite Army Officers overthrows happened over short compasses, which affirmed the way that the upsets were never objective.8 Syria had the same situation because the oppressive standard stills ruled. Be that as it may, the oppressive standard did not influence the financial dependability of both countries. The point of the administrations was power as opposed to financial tussles. The main setback was that the increment of the upsets cleared path for some overthrows. In this respect, the domineering principle was experienced amid the rule of Saddam Hussein in Iraq. 4.2 Truths and reconciliation 4.2.1 Economic reestablishment Iraq is one of the largest producers of oil and petroleum products. Therefore, the economy of the nation was established after the death of the autocratic leader, Saddam Hussein. The execution was followed by massive reconstruction projects in Iraq, which were aimed at reviving the destabilized economy. The economy of the country had been influenced. Notwithstanding, the recreation of the country supported the Iraq individuals because all improvement activities were liable to the procurements of sharia laws of Islam. In spite of the fact that the groups have met up with regards to their country, there is a requirement for the worldwide group to support the country in the attachment and procurement of stores for remaking reason. The neighboring groups ought to take an interest in intercession talks among the Iraq warring groups so as to make an enduring peace and quietness. The adolescent of Iraq needs to take the mantle of initiative so as to drive the Arabic country into extraordinary statues of thriving. 4.2.2 Political reestablishment Political realignment was inevitable because there was freedom for the tribes to join political outfits of their own. According to Farmer, there was no compulsion for the people of Iraq join any political movement.9 Syria and Iraq have experienced numerous political moves. The force battles reached a state of perfection in numerous overthrows in Iraq. The overthrows were connected with monetary lessening and money related pain because numerous assets were utilized as a part of the ousting of the officeholder pioneers battles. Case in point, the event of three upsets in a solitary year suggests that there was financial downturn for the country amid the period. In this respect, the post-Hashemite period was not ascribed to any relief. The period was ascribed with fights and force battles. The way that the social liberties bunches al-Rabita, were clamoring for flexibility to the ladies showed that the pioneers were liberal in spite of the fact that the Islamic society precludes the ladies from specific practices.10 The pioneers obliviousness of the outcasts and the inner radicals was right on the money. His insurance of the oil stores of the country was critical for the countrys monetary soundness. 4.2.3 Social reestablishment The social reestablishments were created in order to bring together the tribes of Iraq. The initiative will end the animosity between the communities. Qasim was an incredible pioneer in spite of the fact that he connected absolutist authority. His decisiveness made the nation financially steady amid the rule. His capacity to outfit the backing of the Soviet Union was instrumental in keeping the British off the oil-rich zones of Iraq. The pioneer made extraordinary strides in the assurance of the regular assets of the republic of Iraq. The start of a constitution for the nation depicted him as a law based pioneer. Tripp affirms that the insurgency was counterproductive amid the rule of King Faisal. The pioneer was a man of the individuals because he had immediate contact with key subjects despite the fact that the propensity empowered his rivals arranges an upset in disguise. The pioneer permitted the flexibility of outflow. 5.0 Conclusion There is need for the Iraq communities to unite. The instability of the nation requires concerted efforts of all the tribes of the nation. The harmonious co-existence of the tribes will boost the reconstruction of the nation and protection from foreign invasions like the US invasion. The unity of the tribes will enhance the international trade with Iraq. Moreover, the co-operation between the different communities of Iraq will enhance equitable distribution of natural resources. There is the requirement for the reorganization of the Islamic states to acknowledge popular government. Islam ought to be acclimated to follow globalization and different parts of innovation. 6.0 Bibliography Ozoglu, Hakan. “State-Tribe Relations: Kurdish Tribalism in the 16th- and 17th-Century Ottoman Empire”. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 23.1 (1996): 5-27. Karl, Terry Lynn, Oil-Led Development: Social, Political, and Economic Consequences. Encyclopedia of Energy 4 (2004) Farouk-Sluglett, Marion and Sluglett, Peter. “The Transformation of Land Tenure and Rural Social Structure in Central and Southern Iraq, C. 1870-1958”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 40. 1 (2008): 3-5. Elliot, Matthew. Independent Iraq: The Monarchy and British Influence, 1941-58. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 1996. Al-Saffar, Ali. Tribalism in modern Iraq, Part I: Saddam’s tribal shadow state. Kurdish Herald 2 .1 (2010). http://www.kurdishherald.com/issue/v002/001/article05.php Ennaji, M. (March 9, 2014). “Islam and politics can’t go together,” Daily News Egypt. http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/03/09/islam-politics-cant-go-together/ Cordesman, Anthony H., Derby, Elena and Mausner, Adam. Iraq and the United States: creating a strategic partnership. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2010. Print. DeRouen, Karl R. Paul Bellamy. International security and the United States: an encyclopedia. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Security International, 2008. Print. Barkey, Henri J., Lasensky, Scott and  Marr, Phebe. Iraq, its neighbors, and the United States: competition, crisis, and the reordering of power. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, 2011. Print. Farmer, Brian R. Understanding radical Islam: medieval ideology in the twenty-first century. New York; Washington, D.C./Baltimore Bern Frankfurt am Main Berlin Brussels Vienna Oxford: Lang, 2007. Print. Read More