Issues that Led to the French and Indian War - Article Example

Issues and Conflicts P Introduction England and France had a history of conflict started from the disputes over the English fiefs in Franceand the years of war. There are also elements of class conflict in the attitudes illustrated in the colonization of William the Conqueror. William ruled England and he was French speaking and French origin while the population of England was mostly Anglo Saxon. There is also rivalry between Philip II of France and Richard I of England in the leadership of the Third Crusade. The history of between the two nations and their conflicts stems the effect on Britain and it was positioned as dominant mercantile and seafaring power from the 17th century. The hostility and the strategic conflict with the similar ambition of France became the definition of the characteristics between the powers of two nations. The revolution during the year 1688 and the final capitulation of Napoleon in 1815 and the prolonged Franco-British conflict determine the powers of the European. The conflict of the periods started the British led alliance against the French counterpart. The hostility of the English to Catholic Church and the earlier conflicts with Spain and Hapsburg dynasty contributed to attitudes towards French. France is seen as with the Catholic powers and the majority of the English people are protestant belonging to England Churches. The continental European states were assisted by Britain in resisting the ambitions of the French during the reign of Louis XIV and during the Napoleonic Wars. Britain resented the intervention of France on the American Revolution War. The conflict started the antagonism between the nations and it overcame the alliance in containing the Imperial Germany during the 20th century. The conflict in Britain affects its culture strategically and the nationalism Issues and Conflicts P 2 of the British in nascent phase part of contra France phenomenon and the attitudes extended in winning various battlefields. The British nationalists during the 17th and 18th centuries resented the veneration and it accords with the culture of France and French language. France is known with its strong Catholic power and anti papist suspicions with Britain is always strong. The political system in France appeared to be conformist and absolutist that contrast the notion of Anglo Saxon in terms of liberty and individualism that was invoked by the British nationalists. The sentiment of the anti French throughout the society was epitomized by the apocryphal story of the Hartlepool monkey hangers and they believed that French were inhuman and they allegedly executed monkey in the belief that it invades Frenchman (Horace, 2008). Ideas in the French Revolution In the year 1789, the ideas behind the revolution in France and the events in subsequent years were not well received by the aristocrats¹ and the monarchists in Britain. France became the European power for two centuries and it was overthrown by the feudal foundations and the continental order with the objections such as the legitimacy of the hereditary monarchy, and the uneducated peasants and the urban poor gaining power in the traditional social masters. The revolution was treated as anti religious and it aspire the continental hegemony and the Italians still under the domination of French. Nationalism created France occupation. It leads resistance movements and guerillas opposed the French. The revolution result in reign of terror and it terminates despotism and it fails to live up the aspirations of the liberty. The French revolution created the anti French feelings among the Federalists (Allmand, 2008). ¹ Aristocrats - an advocate of an aristocratic form of government. Issues and Conflicts P 3 The French colonial empire earned enemies among the colonial countries and the French neo colonialism is denounced including the sectors of French population and it leads to Franco phobia. Majority of the people feel no resentment towards the French and the huge number of Franco Ivorian citizens and its former colonizing power. The rests of paternalism of French political attitude in Black Africa leads political tensions. The French colonists² evolve in oppressive regime in Vietnamese and it used discussions on colonial era. English colonies and their Indian and European rivals were affected by various conflicts such as free, slave and blacks. Their independence was declared and the new republic of the United States has founded. The national laws and the early colonial exclude the blacks and the Indians from the military service during war and danger and the white leaders drew the manpower sources. The African Americans served as distinction in major conflicts as French and Indian War (Sumption, 2008). Many of the confrontations were characterized as relation between white colonists and Native Americans. The British commanders entice the blacks into military service under the Union Jack during the struggles of England with the Americans. . The black recruits served side by side with white comrades although all the black units were formed. The blacks were paid similar to white soldiers and slaves served their master’s permission to primary lure used by the British in attacking the navy. The federal government and various African Americans and Native Americans were prohibited in serving the Army and the Marine Corps. Foreign enemies, racism, removal of Indian threat east of Mississippi and it concern the South about the slave rebellions in excluding from the military service in four decades proceeding Civil War (Tuchman, 2008). ²colonist - a member of a colonizing expedition. Issues and Conflicts P 4 The French and Indian War refer to the main enemies of the British and the Royal French forces and American Indian forces. The colonial war between the Great Britain and France resulted in British conquest of all the New France east of the Mississippi river and Spanish Florida. The development in Anglo French compensate ally Spain for loss of Florida that ceded the control of French Louisiana west of Mississippi (Schwartz, 2008). The war in North America during 1750’s and 1760s was part of the larger struggle between France and England for the dominance in world trade and naval power. The British victory is known as the seven year’s war and it ended the struggle among the principal powers in northeastern North America. The England’s commercial supremacy cemented its control of the settled regions of North America. The English and French coexisted peacefully in North America and the settlements expanded religious and commercial tensions began to produce new frictions and new conflicts (Hall, 2008). The French explored and claimed various region of the continental interior. It holds enormous claims and they found whole string of communities, trading posts and fortresses. The region enclosed by cities such as Detroit, Montreal, Quebec, and New Orleans and the center French empire in North America. The English prepared for the great population leap across the Appalachians into Ohio. In the year 1749 there are group of Virginian businessmen secured 500,000 acres of Ohio valley land and they were not impressed by Joseph Calderon who claimed that region of France. This prompted that French keep the English from expansion to their lands and to construct new fortresses in the valley of Ohio (Fiske, 2008). Issues and Conflicts P 5 They interpreted that French activity is a threat to western settlements and it started the military preparations and in building fortresses. In the succeeding years, the tensions between the French and English increased and the governor of Virginia sent militia force under the command of colonel named George Washington into Ohio valley to challenge the expansion of French. There are crude stockade and colonel staged unsuccessful attack on French detachment. The French countered the assault on Fort Necessity and they trapped the soldiers inside and third of them died in fighting. The clash marked the beginning of Indian and French War. French and Indian War The war between the French and Indians lasted for nine years and it is divided in three phases, the first phase started from the Fort Necessity debacle in the year 1754 until the war expansion in Europe and it started the North American Conflict. During the first years, there are few British naval reinforcements and colonists managed the war on their own. The Indian tribes are now become allied with the French and the Iroquois seen themselves forced to British side and kept themselves neutral. The second phase started in the year 1756 as the French government and England opened hostilities³ and international conflict. The fighting spread to West Indies, India, and Europe but the struggle remained in North America wherein England suffered defeat and frustration. In the year 1757, William Pitt, the English Secretary of State transforms the effort by bringing the equipment, manpower, shelter from the colonists. This causes resentment to the colonists and they resist imposition at times they resist violently. In the year 1758, there was a friction between the colonists and the British authorities and it threatens to bring the war effort to halt (Allmand, 2008). ³ hostilities - opposition or resistance to an idea, plan, project Issues and Conflicts P 6 In the year 1758, Pitt initiated the final phase by relaxing the policies objected by the Americans. It resulted in immediate increase in American support for the dramatic increase in American enlistment. Pitt dispatched large numbers of additional troops and the battle began to turn in favor to England. The French are outnumbered before plaque by poor harvests and they could no longer resist the British troops and American militias. In the year 1758, the fortress of Louisburg captured the English generals. In the year 1760, the French army surrendered to Amherst in Montreal. The Indian and French war affects the British Empire and the American colonists and it seen as source of resentment between the colonists and the English government that leads to American Revolution in 1755 (Nester, 2008). Impact of French and Indian War The French and Indian War affect the British Empire and it leads to the expansion of British territorial claims in the New World. The cost of war enlarged the British debt and it generates substantial resentment to the colonists. The English leaders are not satisfied with the military help they received from the colonists during the war. The factors combined leads to major reorganization between the colonies and the central authority was in London. The English leaders set motion plans in giving London a control over the government and they eventually became big part of the colonial resentment to British imperial policies. The colonists learned to unite against common foe and the colonies had found non common ground and they coexisted in mutual distrust. France removed from North America and the continent lay open for the Americans to colonize but the English government induce controlled population movement and Issues and Conflicts P 7 they issued Royal Proclamation that prohibited the settlement west of the line drawn the Allegheny Mountains in enforcing their authorities as permanent army of regulars. The Americans held black by the French and they stopped by the British in surge west. The Indians in the Ohio valley considered the British victory as disastrous. The tribes allied themselves with the French earned the enmity of victorious English. The Iroquois Confederacy allied themselves with the British and they are fared slightly better. The alliance unraveled and they began to crumble from within. The Iroquois contest the English from their control to Ohio valley for another fifty years and they never again deal with their white rivals on terms of military and political equality (Tuchman, 2008). Summary The conflict of the periods started the British led alliance against the French counterpart. The hostility of the English to Catholic Church and the earlier conflicts with Spain and Hapsburg dynasty contributed to attitudes towards French. France is seen as with the Catholic powers and the majority of the English people are protestant belonging to England Churches. The continental European states were assisted by Britain in resisting the ambitions of the French during the reign of Louis XIV and during the Napoleonic Wars. Britain resented the intervention of France on the American Revolution War. France became the European power for two centuries and it was overthrown by the feudal foundations and the continental order with the objections such as the legitimacy of the hereditary monarchy, and the uneducated peasants and the urban poor gaining power in the traditional social masters. The revolution was treated as anti religious and it aspire Issues and Conflicts P 8 the continental hegemony and the Italians still under the domination of French. Nationalism created France occupation. It leads resistance movements and guerillas opposed the French (Seward, 2008). The French colonists evolve in oppressive regime in Vietnamese and it used discussions on colonial era. English colonies and their Indian and European rivals were affected by various conflicts such as free, slave and blacks. Their independence was declared and the new republic of the United States has founded. The national laws and the early colonial exclude the blacks and the Indians from the military service during war and danger and the white leaders drew the manpower sources. The conflict between France and England causes by the objectives for the dominance in world trade and naval power. The British victory is known as the seven year’s war and it ended the struggle among the principal powers in northeastern North America. The England’s commercial supremacy cemented its control of the settled regions of North America. The English and French coexisted peacefully in North America and the settlements expanded religious and commercial tensions began to produce new frictions and new conflicts. The French explored and claimed various region of the continental interior. It holds enormous claims and they found whole string of communities, trading posts and fortresses. French activity is a threat to western settlements and it started the military preparations and in building fortresses. In the succeeding years, the tensions between the French and English increased and the governor of Virginia sent militia force under the command of colonel named George Washington into Ohio valley to challenge the expansion of French. There are crude stockade and colonel staged unsuccessful attack on French detachment. Issues and Conflicts P 9 Reference Horace Walpole, “French and Indian War,” Learn about the Past, http://www.frenchandindianwar250.org/relive/stories.aspx (accessed January 2, 2008). Hall Charles, “Prelude to French and Indian War”, Col. Washington’s frontier Forts, http://www.fortedwards.org/cwffa/f-i-series/part1.htm (accessed January 2, 2008). Fiske, John, “New France and New England,” Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, http://www.dinsdoc.com/fiske-1-7.htm (accessed January 4, 2008). Hare, Paul, “The Hundred Years’ War,” Guide to Important Works in English, http://www.mottebooks.com/lists/100yrs.html (accessed January 4, 2008). Allmand, Christopher, “The Hundred Years war. England and France at War,” (Cambridge, 1989) p 198-320. Seward, Desmond; “The Hundred Years War: The English in France, 1337-1453,” (New York: Macmillan, 1978). Tuchman, Barbara W.; “A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century,” (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1978) pp 246-294. Sumption, Jonathan; “The Hundred Years War: Trial by Fire,” (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999). Schwartz, Seymour, “The French and Indian War. 1754-1763,” The Imperial Struggle for North America, http://www.philaprintshop.com/frchintx.html#History (accessed January 4, 2008). Nester, William, “The Great Frontier War, 1607-1755, “Struggle for North America, http://worldcat.org/wcpa/ow/8b3ba853dd1882b3a19afeb4da09e526.html (accessed January 4, 2008). Read More