Industrial Growth in Europe - Essay Example

Industrial growth in Europe Question one Introduction Revolutionary changes in food production led to increase in population. Industrial revolution was highly dependent on a large number of people as laborers in the industries. Thus, without the increased food production industrialization would not have happened. Revolutionized food production also played a major role in maintaining the activities of the industries. People working in the industries in large numbers were able to feed due to the increased food production (Goloboy 2008, p.56). Discussion The result of industrialization was the transformation of agricultural states to industrial states. The use of technology enhanced the invention of machines that increased the productivity of workers. Technology also enhanced the growth of enterprises to large scale producers. Food products were, therefore, produced in masses that fed the society. End products were produced at cheaper costs and less time than in the recent times. Due to the changes the standards of living of the citizens were improved and also recorded a social change. People moved from suburb areas to the cities thus land was left vacant for production of food. At times people who lived in the urban areas and worked in the factories lived in filthy conditions due to overpopulation in the urban areas (Goloboy 2008, p.58). Conclusion Increased food production is essential for industrialization in any state. Labor is essential for the growth of industries and the state to maintain a sufficient number of laborers it needs to device ways of producing enough food to feed the population. Industrialization in Europe was due to sustainable methods of food production. Question two Introduction Industrialization in Britain occurred between 1750 and 1830. Britain had perfect conditions for industrialization to occur. Mineral resources, labor and technology, were present in Britain and facilitated the industrial revolution (Goloboy 2008, p.67). Discussion Britain had made the use of wood as a source of heat for a long time it thus had plenty of coal deposits remaining and were used in new ideas. The source of heat was used in the industries. Britain was also a colonial master of many nations, the raw materials that could not be found in Britain could be imported from the colonies at cheap costs. The colonies also provided markets for the end products. Other factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain were the plenty natural resources in Britain. The government of Britain also improved the transportation in Britain enhancing the movements of finished goods and raw materials. The growing population in Britain also facilitated the aspect of industrialization, people provided labor in the companies and also the immigrants were encouraged to work in Britain. New inventions were also realized in Britain (Goloboy 2008, p.69). Conclusion Britain was the first state to embrace the aspect of industrialization. It was due to the various opportunities that Britain utilized and became successful in the aspect of industrialization. The aspect of colonization enabled Britain to reach levels that were beyond their expectations. Question three Introduction The greatest contributor to the industrial revolution can be termed as technology. The technology used in the factories leads to the success of the companies. Different inventions and inventors can be attributed to the success of the industrial revolution in Britain (Goloboy 2008, p.71). Discussion Among the major contributors of the industrial revolution was John Kay’s flying shuttle. John Kay made the use of cords that were attached to picking the peg. The invention would take four spinners so as to maintain a single cotton loom while ten people would prepare yarn for one weaver. Spinning jenny that was invented by James Hargreaves was another invention that played a part in the industrial revolution. The invention would allow one individual to spin many threads simultaneously hence increasing cotton production per person. Water frame by Richard Arkwright is another invention that enhanced industrial revolution. The invention allowed yarn to be produced at a faster rate. It also enhanced the rollers to produce yarn of the correct thickness thus increasing efficiency. Samuel Crompton invented a mule in 1779 that combined water frame and spinning jenny that enhanced production of a great quantity of fine and strong yarn. Practical was the hallmark of the industrial development but not pure science means that practical measures made greater significance in industrial development as opposed to pure science measures (Goloboy 2008, p.73). Conclusion It is clear from the above discussion that various inventions by various inventors played a significant role in industrial development. Practical measures also played a greater role in enhancing industrial development than pure science. Question four Introduction The 1830’s revolutions can be referred to as a revolutionary wave in Europe. It included events such as Belgian revolution in the Netherlands’ United Kingdom, romantic revolutions, France’s July revolution as well as revolutions in Switzerland and Congress Poland. The revolutions made several impacts across the globe as discussed below (Goloboy 2008, p.83). Discussion In France, the inhabitants of Paris got fed up with Charles X since all seemed to be going wrong. These implications included cold winters, debt and high food prices causing people to enter into war with the authority’s people. The revolution was meant to overthrow Charles X and later on the people won. The Belgians got inspired by the Paris revolutions and made them use force against the Dutch troops. Belgium also gained support from France and Britain, who believed they would benefit from the Belgium’s separation with Holland hence fuelling the revolutions (Goloboy 2008, p.89). The revolution’s significance was the replacement of Charles X with the constitutional king by the name Louis-Philippe. It also allowed the employees to find their voice in politics and society. It also acted a crucial catalyst for the workers’ organizations and demands development. The revolutions also led to workers becoming permanent, and the workforce in Paris became increasingly organized. The revolutions resolved several aspects. However, it left out some aspects such as it only resolved the issues of the employees from middle level and left the employees at the low levels (Goloboy 2008, p.96). Conclusion The revolutions made several transformations that brought about significant changes in world’s developments. Question five Introduction The Vienna’s Congress was convened in the year 1815. It incorporated four European powers that had defeated the Napoleon. Several goals, strategies and consequences were formulated in the convention that made several impacts in the European countries (Goloboy 2008, p.95). Discussion The convention formulated two major goals. The first idea was to formulate a balance of power in the European nations; it was meant to hinder imperialism in European nations and also maintain peace among the great nations. The second objective was to hinder revolutions in the politics of European nations. The goal was meant to maintain status quo in the nations and eliminate cases such as the French revolution. The method of negotiation was to be applied in solving the international conflicts among the European nations. It was devised strategy to avoid wars on the days to come (Goloboy 2008, p.97). As a result of the congress of Vienna, Europe was able to avoid wars and conflicts for a long period. Europe also ensured the concert of Europe was maintained leading to a long period of peace. The great nations of Europe experienced peace until 1853 during the Crimean wars. Britain as one of the powerful nations distant itself from the conflicts and protected its interest. Conclusion Agreements reached during the war only served as solutions for a short period. It was due to differences in the historical aspects of the nations. Modernization was a key issue in the wars and conflicts and contributed to the eruption of the war. Question six Introduction The issue of nationalism and liberalism were significant on Europe in the nineteenth century. Nationalism tries to express the idea of similar belief in certain people, and they are different from the people surrounding. On the other hand, liberalism indicates a belief in the necessity to reform the democratic aspect in the state (Goloboy 2008, p.106). Discussion Europe in the nineteenth century was governed by monarchs. Ordinary people in Europe were governed by minorities who were privileged. Ordinary people did not have any social status or political rights. Liberals, therefore, made efforts to establish a society that all people were treated equally. The aspect of nationalism evolved in the history of Britain after feudal system broke down on the middle age. People resulted to have some things in common including race, territory, culture, economic interests, descent, language, religion, tradition and also form of governance. Sense of belonging that a person has to his or her state is also included in common interests. People of European nations rose against foreign rule in the nineteenth century; it was due to the feeling of nationalism (Goloboy 2008, p.136). Conclusion The aspects of nationalism and also liberalism were common in Europe in the nineteenth century. They operated together to achieve the common interest of the people of Europe. They also contributed significantly in the European history and also its development. Question seven Introduction Cavour and Bismarck played major roles in the unification of Germany and Italy nations. The two nationals made the use of war and also diplomacy in settling the disputes. Cavour applied the use of diplomacy and on the other hand Bismarck made the use of wars (Goloboy 2008, p.146). Discussion The revolutionary spirit of the 1848 was experienced in Italy. On the consequent days, revolts emerged in the states controlled by Italians to push for unity and also liberty. Piedmont-Sardinia also went to war in Australia to push for the unification of Italy. On the other hand, Germany was also affected by revolutionary tide in the European nations. Australia and Prussia, which were states under the Germans, were shocked due to the revolts in the cities. As a result there were the construction of the liberal governments, resignation of Metternich and also the reinstating of constituent assemblies (Goloboy 2008, p.180). Conclusion The German states adopted the despotic rule after the counterrevolution attacks prevailed. The royal imperial forces played a major role in the revolts. References List Goloboy, J. L. (2008). Industrial revolution: People and perspectives. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. Pp. 56-180 Read More