Analysis of Govermental Engagement in Public Tax Policies - Essay Example

? Outline Introduction and brief explanation of public tax policy 2. Thesis ment 3. Discussion A. Analysis of Govermental engagement in Public tax policies i. President’s Office ii. The Executive iii. Judiciary B. Impact of policy process i. Federal Government ii. States iii. Political Parties iv. The U.S media 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cit Public Tax Policy I. Introduction and brief explanation of public tax policy In any particular country, the government is usually mandated with the responsibility of coming up with the most efficient policies that will entail a common good for the public. Therefore, a public tax policy can be described as guidelines for actions that the executive or the administrative branches of a country’s governance should take. These actions are usually encompassed with essential principles and are usually of responsive nature (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 160). As such, these actions are mostly adopted to respond to certain issues in a manner that can be identified as consistent with the country’s laws as well as customs of the institutions within that country. The stronghold of public policies in any country is the national law as well as the constitutional law, which is in most cases substantially established. In addition to this, the implementing legislation is also identified as fundamental to national policies. An example of this is the U.S federal code (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 166). Judicial interpretations as well as the legislation authorized regulations make the rest of the substrates essential in establishing public taxpolicies. According to scholars, the most effective description of public policies is that they are a system of regulatory measures, funding priorities as well as actions taken with reference to a specified topic. It should not only be a topic but one that has been promulgated by the government representatives or the entity itself (Feehan 45). Commonly, the public policies are entailed such aspects as the judicial decisions, constitutions as well as in legislative acts (Howlett 36). II. Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the public tax policies adopted by the U.S and thereby determining if the founding fathers really made the right decisions concerning those policies (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 170). III. Discussion Analysis of Govermental engagement in Public tax policies i. President’s Office In the US, the office of the president is usually mandated with the responsibility of ensuring that the government agents operate cohesively as well as optimumly with regard to govermantal projects. The funding of these projects comes from the public finances. Usually, the president designs the framework in from which implementation of the public tax policy will be done and passed to the U.S treasury and from there, this framework is released to the public (Feehan 46). In his Gettysburg address, Lincoln brought the U.S together while it was experiencing impairments. He did this by invoking the Founding fathers. This course of action can also be traceable in the actions of Franklin Roosevelt during his attempts to change the America’s social contract such that, apart from the security from hostility, he ensured that it also included the economic security which is a subject of a common good for the public (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 176). Moreover, the process is usually multifaceted and it entails interplaying between individual groups as well as several individuals (Feehan 47). As such, these individuals and interest groups engage themselves in collaborations in an effort to inflict an influence on the makers of the policies such that they will act in a certain manner. In an effort towards advancement of their aims, these interest groups and individuals utilize a wide range of tools as well as tactics. These include; mobilizing the affiliated parties on some issues, make explicit attempts not only to empower but also to educate the supporters as well as the opponents. In addition to this, the individuals and interest groups publicly advocate their positions (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 177). ii. The Executive In the US, the executives usually create departments as well as agents which are mandated with the responsibility of collecting, formulating and administering tax. These agencies and departments are vital aspects as they enhance the making of the public tax policy and as such, they assist the government in achieving the tax collection rate, which according to many tax analysts, can be said to be optimum. The presence of the bureaucratic executives within the US government is important as they take in the views of the public and thereby improve the formulation as well as the implementation process of the public tax policies and as such, it is beneficial to the U.S citizens as the incorporation of public views in the public tax policies ensures that the marginal tax from individuals are standard or reduced. In the U.S, there exist several advocacy groups and as such, these groups make attempts of imparting knowledge concerning the nature of the prevailing problems, the necessary legislation that ought to be established in order to effectively address these problems as well as the amount of financial resourses necessary to fund the services rendered by scholars, that is the researchers. The advocacy groups impart this kind of knowledge to the general public of the US as well as the makers of the policies (Feehan 50). iii. Judiciary The judicuiary is also an important arm of the U.S govement in regard to public tax policies. As such, the judiciary reinforces the laws related to public tax policy and therefore, the achievement of the anticipated end results is made easy. The court, an arm of the judiciary, usually exists and watches over the public, that is, it identifies the activities that seemingly contradict the designed public tax policy laws (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 180). As a matter of fact, public policy can be attributed to the traditional or early academic discipline. The early institutions in the U.S dealing with public policy can be said to have put a tern focus on the U.S domestic policy. This was the idea of the founding fathers and as such, these institutions had an obligation to offer knowledge to the public regarding the public policies adopted by the U.S government (Howlett 38). This can be regarded as a right course taken by the founding fathers. However, due to the effect of the globalized economy which ran between the 20th and the 21st century, there established a need for the public policy academic field to encompass a focus on the global governance. The U.S government that advocated for global governance focus of the public policy did not try to disregard the focus on the domestic policy as established by the founding fathers (Feehan 51). This is because they saw the founding father’s notion as equally important and vital aspect. The public policy focusing on the global governance was inevitable as it related in a transparent manner to the issues that can be described as transcending the borders of the United States. Such issues include: proliferation of the nuclear energy, the climatic change as well as terrorism. Despite the focus on domestic policy being an essential notion, the early public policy schools had to put less emphasis on the domestic policy focus and concentrate more on the global governance and as such, they had to adjust their system of education (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 185). VI. Impact of policy process from various groups Federal Government The formulation of the U.S public tax policy is influenced by the federal government in that it is involved in every aspect of planning, debates involving public tax formulation and executing amendments that have been proposed. At such level, the amendments made are essential as they stimulate the U.S economy. This is usually seen through increment in savings, employment rates as well as the investment rates (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 190). The U.S founding fathers, such as James Madison, Thomas Jefferson as well as Alexander Hamilton, were prolific and determined the destiny of the United States. Some of their major achievements that can be attributed to them entirely include: public squares, dollar bills as well as universities (Feehan 52). Such contributions, indeed, have an effect in the contemporary U.S. However, debates have arisen in relation to the public policies established by the founding fathers. Many debates have indeed shown that they went all wrong in regards to the then public policies they adapted, as it emerged that they irrationally clung on to the reality of politics with reference to 1789 (Bardach 34). i. States America is composed of several states and these states influence the process of formulation as well as the implementation of the spublic tax policies. They do this majorly by controlling the scope with regard to the application of the amendments that have been proposed. Their involvement in public policies designing is important as they ensure that the public tax policies, which result to the achievement of an opimum tax reguime, are established. This obviously can be said to have been established by the founding fathers, so they are considered to be the men who entailed a great deal of wisdom and experience. To expound on this, they wrote not only widely but also clearly and comprehensively in regard to each and every aspect of good governance (Feehan 55). The most vital aspect of the contemporary U.S governance is that it is built on a strong idea which was established by the founding fathers. According to the founding fathers, individuals of any particular country are usually endowed by God and, their rights are God given. In addition to this, they asserted that it is the people who form a government that they think right to protect these God given rights (Howlett 42). In reality, this can be seen as just ideas but a deeper thinking will make a person realize that it is indeed a statement regarding the values, freedoms as well as the moralities. In any case, there is no public policy that can be established such that it disregards these underlying ideas from the founding fathers. If, indeed, the United States adopt such a public policy, the citizens of the United States will stand by it for just a little while. This notion was indeed supported by Harry Kissinger as well as Jimmy carter with regard to their detriment (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 191). ii. Political Parties Political parties also has an impact on the sucessfulness of the public tax policies. With regard to advocats, they perceive policies, putting different perspectives into consideration and thereby making the process of designation of the public tax policies a difficult process. A political movement that is constituted with the majority of the senate positions in the U.S usually supports any proposed reforms to the public tax policy endorsed by their party, regardless of whether radical or not (Feehan 62). iii. The U.S media The media also plays a major role in the formulation, implementation or even reformation of the public tax policy,. As such, it provides precise information concerning the process to the public and as such, it helps establishment of informed decisions. The electronic as well as the print media gather the interests of the public and thereby offer a basis that can be ultimately used in commuinication. With regard to the stakedholders who would wish to pass a public policy, the media help them to sensitize the public in an effort towards enablement of the implementation of the proposed public tax policies (Feehan 71). In any case, when ideas established by the U.S founding fathers in regard to the public policy are thrown into political debates contemporarily, there is a tendency of the subjects of those debates to respond in a certain way (Bardach 37). As such, the subjects of the political debates argue that the individually held position can come into terms with the America’s founding fathers’ vision. This follows that instead of those political debates taking the usual form of productivity, they end up assuming the generalizations, which can be described and encompassed with a high subjectivity in regard to what the U.S funding fathers believed (Howlett 47). Primarily, in the U.S, public policies entail the resultant aspects of the adopted policy but secondarily, it refers to the process of governmental decision making as well as the analysis of those decisions made. Public policy can be classified as a discipline and as such, it is studied by both the students as well as their lecturers within the higher education facilities across the U.S. IV. Conclusion In the U.S, every aspect of the government is essential in the establishment of the most appropriate public tax policies. In addition to this, the public, the political parties as well as the media assist greatly in formulation implementation and the reformation of the public tax policies. This analysis is a clear indication that the founding fathers of the United States did develop the right public policies right at the beginning. The clearest reason for this as addressed is the prevalence of successful governance attributable to the US today (Howlett 52). Of course, the roots of the good governance can be traced from the early governance of the founding fathers. The public policies that the contemporary U.S government has adopted today are indeed shaped out of the traditional public policies and as such, they are attributable to the status of super power as the U.S is commonly referred. If indeed the founding fathers developed poor public policies, there would be an adverse effect to the U.S governance system and as such, it would affect the entire economy of the country (Feehan 73). It would take the U.S a considerable time period to clear this mess as shown by the Third World countries. As such, it is common that the Third World countries, even today, still adopt undesirable public policies and, at the long run, it is the citizens of those countries that do suffer. From time immemorial, the US has never had acute effects resulting from the implemented public policies, it signifies that the founding fathers were rational in establishing the public policies. To cap it all, despite the opposing views, the U.S founding fathers got it right at the beginning in regard to the public policies (Feehan 77). Works Cited McGrail, Y, Evans Morgan, and Barer Hertzman. Population Aging and the Future of Health Care Systems. Canadian Journal on Aging 20.1 (2001): pp.160-191. Print Feehan, James. Learning from Studies of Newfoundland’s Economic Problems, America Journal of Public Policy 7.3 (2001): pp. 45-78. Print Howlett, Michael. Policy Instruments, Policy Styles and Policy Implementation. Policy Studies Journal 19.2 (2001): pp. 36-123. Print. Bardach, Eugene. A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis. New York, NY: Chatham House Publishers, 2000. Print. Read More