French Revolution - Essay Example

a vow that “they will continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution” . All these actions were the first steps towards the French Revolution. Since the Third Estate had no legal right to form a constitution, they were soon in trouble because the King supported the First Estate which was consisted of the clergy. However, the revolution could not be stopped because of urban and rural uprisings.Social Causes. Prior to the revolution, the French society was seeped in inequality of rights and privileges. The society was divided into Three Estates. The First Estate was made of the clergy and they were exempted from payment of taxes. They had ownership of almost 10 percent of the land. The Second Estate was made of the nobility and owned almost 30 percent of the land. They held an important position in the society by occupying all the important offices of the government. The French nobility tried to “maintain their monopolistic control over positions in the military, church and the government” (Spielvogel, 357). They enjoyed most of the privileges including exemption from taxation. The Third Estate which was comprised of common people formed the majority of the French population. They were divided by “occupation, level of education and wealth”. The peasants formed the majority of the Third Estate and owned 35 to 40 percent of land. They were obliged to make regular payments to local landlords. They were also made to pay fees for using “village facilities”. There also existed many peasants who had almost no land to support themselves. There was also a rule of paying one-third of their earnings to the clergy which was known as tithe. The French government was facing financial crisis for more than a century. Huge expenditure was made on wars in the 18th century and this led to monumental debts. The government could not meet the deficit because of the prevailing tax system. Common people were aggrieved because they were made to pay high taxes. Peasants who had little or no land were the worst hit because of heavy taxation. The second problem was scarcity of food among the urban population of the Third Estate which was made of “skilled artisans, shopkeepers and other wage earners of the city” . The prices of consumer goods increased at a higher rate than wages. This resulted in the fall of purchasing power of the urban people. The incomes of these people were not even enough to buy food items. The skilled and unskilled workers faced a 140 percent rise in rent. There was growing frustration among the people of the Third Estate. They often had to struggle for mere survival. This economic dissatisfaction of the Third Estate resulted in aggression among the common people. In Paris, these common people played an important role in the French Revolution (Perry, 81-85)Conclusion
French revolution is considered as one of the most important chapter in the history of France. The revolution was manifestation of the common people becoming aware of their fundamental rights in the society. The revolution permanently drained the power of the monarchy and spread the ideals of democracy all over the world.