Colonialism in 1880-1900 - Essay Example

?Running Head: Colonialism Colonialism [Institute’s Colonialism During 1880 and 1900, Africa went through a phase of extraordinarily rapid colonization by several most important European rules. Interestingly, this was not due to Africa’s being a mainly precious ‘commodity’ but instead, due to happenings within Europe’s public, political, as well as financial situations. One of the most important controlling aspects that anticipated the colonization of Africa was the fact that discovery of this ‘dark continent’ had raised. This in fact started towards the last part of the 18th century, “as explorers set out on their quest to discover Timbuktu and the Niger River” (Meredith, 2006). The end of the slave trade was an additional main controlling feature towards colonialism. Even though the trade of humans was “legislated against, many of the Africans and Arabs continued the practice, particularly inland, where the European influence was less concentrated” (Likaka, 2009). Those Europeans dedicated to eliminating this practice were compelled to stay at these internal places with the intention of taking direct as well as instant action. Obviously, slavery was a profitable trade and its elimination meant that substitute trade and business required to be started all over Africa. Therefore, colonialists as well came into the continent to discover different trading means, types of transportation and additional resources. They were required to teach the neighboring societies regarding commercial growth with the intention of maximizing the productivity of the countries. During the colonial phase, the perception of particular indigenous people in the African continent attained broader recognition, even though not without debate. The extremely diverse and abundant ethnic groups, which consisted of most contemporary, self-governing African states, had within them different individuals whose condition, civilizations and pastoralist or huntsman life wee usually marginalized and set separately from the leading political as well as financial structures of the country. From the last part of 20th century, these people have increasingly wanted identification of their constitutional rights as separate indigenous people, within both nationwide and worldwide perspectives. Given the widespread and complex account of human immigration inside Africa, being the earliest people within a territory is not a required condition for recognition as an indigenous people. To a certain extent, indigenous uniqueness communicates more to a set of attributes and practices than ‘priority of arrival’. For instance, quite a lot of populations of nomadic people occupy regions within which they arrived somewhat lately. Their declaration to indigenous standing is founded on their marginalization as nomadic people in regions and countries ruled by inactive farming people (Taiwo, 2010). Early African reaction to European invasion into Africa during the last part of 19th century was not standardized. A small number of groups that had experienced long-term combat or slave raiding provided a doubtful welcome to European existence within their constituencies in anticipation that there would be harmony. Other groups vigorously opposed the arrival of European political power. On the other hand, a number of people had no initial response towards colonialism. This was due to the fact that the early years’ colonialism had slight impact on the lives of several rural African people. These circumstances transformed as the impact of colonialism became more extensive as well as deep during the mid of the 20th century. By the last part of World War I, the majority of Africa had been successfully colonized. European colonialists had managed to control the attempts by Africans to defend against the organization of colonial regulation. The subsequent two decades were known as the inter war years by historians and was somewhat calm within colonial Africa. This comparatively calm period, however, did not specify that the colonized citizens of Africa were contented with colonial ruling - that there was no resistance to colonialism during this period. Several Africans, at this moment in time, accepted the authenticity of colonial rule; however, they did not allow the strict prejudice and the lack of prospects that was a vital part of the colonial experience. Resistance to these sides of colonialism was mostly strong between learned Africans. Learned Africans thought that all human beings are equal. Prejudiced colonial attitudes as well as practice limited trade prospects as well as involvement within the political procedure. Throughout this phase, learned Africans formed associations to help their interest for a stop to prejudiced policies and for a boost in opportunities. Nonetheless, these associations had restricted membership, and they did not make major claims for the end of colonial ruling. The Orange Revolution (Gostick, 2010) was a series of disputes and political proceedings that happened within Ukraine in the instant outcome of the surplus vote of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential voting, which was spoiled by immense dishonesty, voter terrorization, and direct electoral deception (Gostick, 2010). The goal was to carry out fair and unbiased elections all over the nation and this goal was achieved in the end. All over the country, the egalitarian revolution was emphasized by a series of acts of public defiance, protest marches, as well as general strikes arranged by the opposition pressure group. During extreme scrutiny by nationwide and worldwide viewers, the next surplus was stated to be just and fair. The results revealed a clear success for ‘Yushchenko’ (Gostick, 2010), who got 52 percent of the vote, and was declared the authorized frontrunner and with his appointment in January 2005, the Orange Revolution ended. On the other hand, one can look at different aspects of the Russian Revolution of 1917 that was a violent revolution and resulted in lives of millions of people in the Russia. In contrary to the non-violent tactics of the Orange Revolution, the Russian one included violent means such as February Revolution that caused a chaos in the region that resulted in control of dual powers, which followed with the October Revolution causing a Civil war in the country. In particular, the Civil war caused lives of millions that continued for years but this violence ended on a good note of creation of USSR. While looking at Russian Revolution in comparison with the Orange Revolution, it is an observation that the Russian one included some violent incidences that resulted in success of this revolution, such as the Bloody Sunday that resulted in a massacre of thousands of people, and thus, violent means, such as that of war were evident during the Russian Revolution. When it comes to Orange Revolution, tactics were quite similar, as there were protests and marches; however, analysis indicates that the purpose of tactics were different in these two revolutions, one had a political purpose against an autocracy, whereas the other had a political nature as well but against an already established democratic system. Such difference resulted in the violent and non-violent nature of the revolutions. References Gostick, A. (2010). The Orange Revolution. Simon & Schuster. Likaka, O. (2009). Naming Colonialism. University of Wisconsin Press. Meredith, M. (2006). The Fate of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence. PublicAffairs. Taiwo, O. (2010). How Colonialism Preempted Modernity in Africa. Indiana University Press. Read More