Health Sciences & Medicine Essays

Of prticulr concern is the growing mgnitude of diseses tht cuse dementi nd ffect lot of people now. lzheimer's disese is the most common form of dementi nd currently ffects over 13 million people worldwide. The direct nd indirect cost of lzheimer cre is over $100 billion ( 81 billion) in the US lone.

There are higher chances of occurrence of epilepsy, in people with a learning disability. In people with severe learning disability, 50% of them have epilepsy. There must definitely be a link between hyperactivity and agitated behavior in people with learning disabilities, because people with both epilepsy and learning disabilities show symptoms of underlying brain dysfunction in a person.

With this in mind, having graduated from high school I chose to study sciences for my bachelor’s degree at the Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar, India. Within the bachelor's degree, I took my real interest was in Chemistry, and so I stayed on at GNDU to study for a master's degree in Chemistry.

The country that spends so heavily on healthcare has strangely been unable to provide adequate health coverage to a significant percentage of the population. With healthcare insurance premiums rising consistently, not everyone is able to afford employer sponsored insurance.

Introduction [...] Non – Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) [...] is the most widely used pain [...] reliever nowadays NSAID are drugs used [...] to reduce pain fever and inflammation [...] It is called non steroidal to [...] distinguish it from steroids which have [...] a similar eicosanoid-depressing anti-inflammatory action NSAIDS [...] are unusual in that they are [...] non-narcotic NSAIDs are sometimes also referred [...] to as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics (NSAIAs) [...]

So much advertisement has offered audiences how to attain weight loss, but only very few bring about positive outcomes.To effectively reach this goal, one must understand the mechanism involve in balancing energy intake and energy expenditures in daily activities.

The authors show that ILC patient are not different from IDC patients when it comes to survival but can be treated different with better outcome given their different biological signature. Introduction: In this paper, the analysis of clinical outcome from histological findings has been analysed to show correlation between biological factors and patient survival.

This essay aims to define the statistical correlation between child obesity and their test scores. Also, the author outlines the factors that lead to obesity. According to the CDCP, the number of overweight children between the age of 6 and 11 rose from 4 percent to 17 percent – more than quadrupled – between 1971 and 2006.

The ideal dental prosthesis would be a replacement system that looks and functions like natural teeth, is durable, does not damage existing structures, and doesn't cause unwanted side effects.

Many people seek services when in a crisis. This can be described as a sudden onset or relapse of mental illness or distress, which renders the individual and/or caregiver unable to cope with normal circumstances. This may further present a risk to themselves or others (Operational Policy, 2009).

Such reality points to the question of procurement. What is it that we are doing to acquire the organs needed by these patients Over the years, legislators and medical professionals have been striving to come up with an organ procurement program that will, at the very least, increase the rate of organ donation the world over.

Surgery on the thorax and upper abdominal regions are usually more painful and complicated than the lower abdominal regions. Pain causes an increase in the heart rate, cardiac work and oxygen consumption. Chronic pain reduces physical activity and leads to venous stasis and an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis and consequent pulmonary embolism, urinary tract motility that may lead, in turn, to postoperative ileus, nausea, vomiting and urinary retention.

A stoma is created by surgical treatment for some small or large intestinal disease, when the natural opening pathway had to be incised for the treatment of the original disease condition. Creation of a stoma subjects the patient to another clinical situation over and above the basal medical condition, and this requires special care by healthcare professionals specially trained to handle such issues.

The NHS has continually changed since its foundation. The changes showed up in different forms. Treatment of the changes, and keeping to them, has been connected with the main function of the NHS: rendering free and unprejudiced health care.

Based on the perspective of Psychopharmacology -defined as "the study of the effects of any psychoactive drug that acts upon the mind by affecting brain chemistry"1, the research of new psychopharmacologic drugs that can help reduce anxiety and stress has exploded over the last years.

The body can only survive for (duration) without oxygen, (compare to food & water). This shows how vital oxygen is to the body. Oxygen delivery to the various parts of body is the primary responsibility of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. These two systems work in coordination and rely heavily on each other.

Of the three, supportive environments will probably have the greatest impact in producing lasting change". (American Journal of Health Promotion, 1989,3,3,5). According to WHO Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.

Hypophysectomy which is the removal of the pituitary gland partially or completely and is done for tumours of the pituitary gland resulting in a deficiency of many hormones in the post operative period and hence its post operative care is crucial. Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland: Hypophysis is a small ductless gland, reddish grey coloured, 1 cm in diameter in the hypophyseal fossa in the cranial cavity attached to the infundibulum in the brain.

This is designed to demonstrate the scientific rationale and clinical efficacy of an assessment tool and the engagement process that would have been used while assessing a client of this kind. The primary diagnosis of this client was paranoid schizophrenia with a subsequent secondary diagnosis of a substance-related disorder, drugs and alcohol dependence.

(Phillips, 2004). The perioperative period is from the minute the patient arrives in through the operating theatre doors to the moment they leave through those same doors post-procedure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the perioperative care of non-scheduled cases.

To be able to properly care for the needs of the patient, the health personnel are equipped with a variety of tools that includes the knowledge in the anatomy and the physiology of the feet, the different disorders that are associated with the feet primarily the skin, the joints, the bones and the nerves.

According to the paper the number of fibers is probably fixed early in life. This is regulated by myostatin, a cytokine that is synthesized in muscle cells. Myostatin suppresses skeletal muscle development. Some athletes and other remarkably strong people have been found to carry one mutant myostatin gene.

Breastfeeding is simply defined as the practice of a mother to feed her infant with her own milk as produced by her mammary glands. The milk of the mother is usually the best milk for babies. Breastfeeding is very rewarding as it is so beneficial to the infant.

Psoriasis is one of the most common clinical dermatological conditions and recent evidence points to an aetiology encompassing systemic, immunological, autoimmune and genetic elements; but the exact mechanism for its initiation, development and maintenance is not known.

The author focused on 5 high school students Gerald, Trish, Nick, Tyrone and Abe who had significant intellectual disabilities. It examined the nature of the students’ involvement in high school classrooms, as well as the teachers’ perceptions and interpretations of the student’s disabilities and academic performance

Funded entirely from taxpayer sources, it has become an institution in itself in Britain. Having done its deed in the most serviceful manner to the public ever since its humble beginnings in 1948, the NHS has recently undergone a massive modernisation drive to enable IT-based sophistication of healthcare systems, a process which is slated to continue well until 2010 (Igbokwe, 2006).

The critics of free market healthcare will point out the disparities in treatment between the rich and the poor. However, socialized healthcare would reduce the level of treatment for everyone. Both rich and poor would have sub standard treatment with socialized healthcare. Critics believe that the 40 million uninsureds would suddenly have access to healthcare.

Hypertension is also a concern for the number of complications that it can lead to. The paper overlooks at the outlines of the disease, its pathology the etiological and epidemiological factors that contribute to it. The paper identifies the importance of screening programs in this case and the role of the government and the different health care sectors in the provision of screening and health care facilities related to hypertension.

The ras oncogenes are activated when the hormones stimulate the cell receptors and this in turn transmits signals to the cells to grow and vice-versa. Thus regulating the cell growth, which is an important part of the cell cycle. Several such ras oncogenes such as H, N and K ras often undergo point mutation and resulting in sending false signal to the cells.

According to the report the Cancer Plan puts forth the benefit of increased investment in staff. It dictates that an increase in investment shall result in an increase in the facilities that can meet the existent shortages in the important specialties. This shall also help in the expansion of services.

Herein lies the importance of the preoperative visit that was made in which patient was explained about the procedure and given an orientation of what to expect. Also, adequate depth of anaesthesia was maintained so that patient did not retain any awareness of the intraoperative events.

This impairment, as frequently postulated, is that children with autism lack a Theory-of-Mind (Lee 2000). Theory-of-Mind or ToM is people's common-sense knowledge about others and their own mental activities (Lee 2000). With it, one can read another's mind or guess what he or she is feeling, intending, believing.

There are a lot of schemes in order to provide the needed amount of funds in order to cater the health needs of the people. In order to make and produce such a funding, most of the government in the world are collecting taxes on wages, tariffs, and other forms of taxes in order to compensate the needs of health care services.

Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. However, it is recognized that chronological age is poor criterion to use in marking off the beginning of old age because there are such marked differences among individuals in the age at which aging actually begins.

The emergence of STI and HIV on pandemic proportions in our society has led the public health agencies to take a closer look on the sexual health of the individuals (Williams 2006). Sexual health is defined as a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to ones own sexuality.

However, due to increased medical technology, fatalities after cardiac events have been on the downward slide. This has led to the increase of people requiring secondary preventive care (Witt et al, 2004). With this increasing population of coronary event survivors, the prevention of subsequent coronary events and the maintenance of physical functioning in such patients have been a constant challenge in preventive care (Ades, 2001).

The author analyzes for different medicines for obesity treatments and their mechanism of action: sibutramine, orlistat, phentermine, and diethylpropion. Obesity is a pathological condition which has now become a matter of global concern. It is a disease associated with the excessive accumulation of fats in the body of individual.

The HIV virus can be transmitted from one individual to another by means of sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, the sharing of needles by drug abusers, and even from mother to infant during breastfeeding. Not every individual who tests positive for the HIV virus will develop full blown AIDS.

This makes depression, as one of the most widespread mental disorders, one of the more prominent focuses of medical science. However, as it will be stated further, depression was considered a serious illness in the traditional medicine of many cultures and in particular the Chinese, pointing that happiness and the elements that negatively influence it are a timeless focus of man's pursuit for the same.

Researches and studies, that were presented in this evidence based essay by the researcher have found that more than 30% of 60-year-old community-dwelling people are regular laxative users and that close to 30% of men and women over age 65 consider themselves to be constipated, that is making fewer than three bowel movements a week.

When in the 90's the doctors found that the use of marijuana can reduce the side effects of the treatment people diagnosed with incurable diseases, like AIDS or cancer receive, like "persistent nausea, vomiting and debilitating pain"(ABC news, 2005), a social movement began for to legalize the use of this drug in medical purposes, in order to relieve the sufferings of the severely ill.

Human errors in nursing may result from constraints in communication, comprehension, memory, time and distance. In this era of information and technology applications across all domains, nursing as an important activity in healthcare management can ill afford to ignore computer-enabled information and communication technology (ICT) solutions in preference to conventional point-of-care methods of nursing.

A marked increase in the incidence of low and very low birth weight infants has been witnessed in the last several decades. The hospital care of premature, low birth weight infants requires appropriate technology and personnel, which is expensive; in the United States, the cost of care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Intermediate ICU averages between $1,000 and $2,000 per day per patient.

Nature can teach us a lot to improve our systems. This is the idea explored by Biomimicry,3 a new science espoused by Montana writer Janine Benyus. Biomimicry also known as biomimetrics, investigates prototypes from nature and then mimics these designs and processes in the solution of human problems.

Much attention has been given to Asthma while COPD remained quite neglected over the years. The inflammatory responses in both these conditions show variations. In asthma, eosinophilic inflammation occur causing airway tenderness, whereas in COPD neutrophilic inflammation causes the obstruction in air passage.

Associated Problems in psychotic Phase are: Reckless or Impulsive Behaviour, Obsessive Thinking or Compulsive Rituals, Prolonged Anxiety, Tension or Worry, Fidgeting, Pacing, or Hyperactivity, Sad or Depressed Mood, Irritability or Hostility, Feeling Worthless or Guilty, Fatigue, Poor Concentration or Attention, Sleeping Problem, Appetite or Eating Problem, Poor Sexual Interest or Ability, Overly Dependent Behaviour and Poor Physical Health.

The purpose of critiquing a research report is to examine its various components and opine upon the ethics, research methods, data quality, and other aspects of the information presented. I have chosen the nursing industry standard for critique as the method for presenting the information contained herein.

The introduction of the new Licensing Act may be considered partially responsible for this decline. The consumption level of alcohol in the UK as of the year 2006 is shown below with a graphical representation of the data. People in UK still consume less alcohol than most of their counterparts in the other Western European countries.

Pressure ulcers among elderly hospital patients diminish quality of life and increase the cost of hospital care. The development of ulcers on heel area is a serious problem, requiring lengthy hospital stays and periods of disability, and often leads to lower limb amputation.

(Boddy, 2001) Pharmacists are now regarded as the Nation's hitherto untapped knowledge base and they are gradually taking the place of junior doctors in multidisciplinary teams in hospitals and other healthcare centres. The aim of this research is to study the feasibility of this approach of replacing junior doctors with pharmacists in ward rounds and whether it effectively reduces the cost of treatment and enhances treatment quality.