Development from Conception to Birth - Assignment Example

Development from Conception to Birth Name Institution Affiliation Mothers played a big role in everyone life. They carried us for nine months and take good care of us. During the pregnancy life, they undergo various stages some stages causing pain to them and risking their lives for the unborn baby(Bronfenbrenner,2009). For the baby to be born, the mother goes through various stages, namely;conception, first trimester, second trimester, third trimester and finally birth(Berk,2001). In this paper, I will use a matrix to describe each process from the conception to birth and also I will consider the impact of environmental factors at each stage of development and articulate their impact on human development. Stage Changes Impact of environmental factors on human development Conception The following are the changes which took place during conception. First, is the ovulation in women. Each month in a woman's cycle, eggs grow in her ovaries and it is filed in a sack of mucus called follicle suck (Kail& Cavanaugh, 2015). This process took place after two weeks of woman last menstrual periods. Since the follicle suck is full of eggs, the pressure outside the suck is high thus forcing the suck to burst out. This bursting out of follicle suck is what is known as ovulation (Berk, 2001). Secondly, is the hormonal rise in woman. After the egg has burst out from the follicle suck, the suck forms to corpus Latium. This corpus Latium is what releases the hormone which is used to thicken the lining of the woman uterus making it ready for the formation of an egg. Thirdly, is the travelling of the egg to the fallopian tube. After an egg is formed in the uterus, it travels back to the fallopian tube. This egg stays in the fallopian tube for a maximum of twenty four hours waiting for any sperm to fertilize it. This process last for a period of two weeks after the first day of woman last menstrual period (Berk, 2001). . If there is no a single sperm to fertilized the egg, the egg travels back to the uterus and break into some parts. During this process, a woman hormone changes to normal and her body start to sheds the thick lining of the uterus and that is when they start receiving their periods. Fourth, is the human fertilization. When a man sperm gets its way to the fallopian tube and fertilized the woman egg. This fertilized egg divide itself into cells preventing other sperms from getting into it (Bronfenbrenner, 2009). During this process of fertilization, the baby genes and sexes are being formed depending with the sperm chromosome. If the sperm contains X chromosome, the baby sex is a feminine, and if a sperm contains Y chromosome, the baby sex is a male (Berk, 2001). Fifth, is the implantation. This is the moving of the fertilized egg to the uterus. The fertilized egg take a maximum of four days in the fallopian tube then travels back to the uterus where it attached itself in the lining of the uterus. During this time of implantation, women notice a lot of changes in their body for a period of two to three days. The walls of the uterus get thicker each and every day and their cervix during this time is being closed by a layer of mucus. The baby nerve cells now started to form in the uterus (Berk, 2001). Sixth, is the pregnancy hormone. During this time of pregnancy, a hormone is being identified from the time of implantationthroughout the pregnancy period. Environmental factors like drugs are dangerous to a pregnant woman. Doctors advise such women to stop all kinds of drugs, since during conception drug like alcohol can lead to destruction of the embryo (Streissguth et. Al 1981). First Trimester The first trimester is the period of the first three months of a woman's pregnancy. It usually starts from the first day of the woman last menstrual period (Dhanantwari et. Al 2009). I will use weeks to describe the change that takes place in a woman first trimester. Week 1, this is when a woman cannot recognize whether she is pregnant or not. This is the week when a woman is in her last menstrual period. Week 2, this is the time when ovulation is taking place in a woman cycle (Reddy & Mennuti, 2006). Week 3, this is the time the woman is pregnant but the symptoms cannot be seen. During this week women are being encouraged to visit their physician and be advised on what to take and what to avoid. Week 4, this is the time women start to experience some pregnancy symptoms like vomiting, tiredness and getting moody and pee very often. Week 5, this is the time the embryo starts to develop and baby organs start to form (O’Shaughnessy et. Al 2007). Week 6, this is the time most women start to worry about their pregnancy. The worriedness comes in, since miscarriage do happens around that week. Week 7, this is when embryo has increased in size, and pregnancy symptoms are worsening. Week 8, this is when a baby heartbeat can be heard by the doctor and the mothers are usually given their official dates of giving birth. Week 9, during this week, women are encouraged to excise at least twice day in order for them to avoid diseases like asthma and pressure and also for the benefit of the baby (Berk, 2001). Week 10, this the week the baby is now called a fetus Week 11, this is the week where all the organs of the fetus has formed and functioning. Week 12, this is the week the woman uterus expands in size and starts to show out. Week 13, this is the last week of the first trimester and now pregnant women should prepare for their second trimester. Pregnant women are advised by doctors to avoid smoking cigarettes. This is because, cigarette contains nicotine and when it is inhaled by an infant, it causes things like still birthand low birth weight baby (Huizink & Mulder, 2006). Second Trimester Second trimester is the period as from 13th week to 27th week of human pregnancy (Tsa et. Al 2004). The changes that take place during this time are as follows. Week 14, this is the week all the morning sickness comes to an end and women are now thinking of their growing baby. Week 15, this is the week women should visit their physician and advised on the pre- natal care and be given respective dates for checkups. Week 16, this is the time fetus moved within the uterus (Tsa et. Al 2004). Week 17, now the baby organs are fully functioning, pregnant women around this time are conscious and having weird dreams at night. Week 18, this is the time most pregnant women feel relieved and relaxed. Week 19, during this week, pregnant women are encouraged to take extra time and spend with their husbands and do exercise often. Week 20, this is the week the baby arestrengthening their organs and kicking their mothers (Bersinger & Ødegård, 2004). Most pregnant women enjoys this week the most, since they are feeling the movement of their babies. Week 21, this the week pregnant women are being advised to seek medical attention from their physicians (Berk, 2001). This is the time varicose veins start to show up for some women. Week 22, same things do happen for the week 21 and 22. Week 23, during this time, pregnant women are being discouraged from travelling long distance, since doctors believe travelling always cause miscarriage among the pregnant women. Week 24, this is the time pregnant women are advised to take a lot of fluids and foods riches in iron to help in strengthening the baby muscles and bones (Bersinger & Ødegård, 2004). Week 25, during this time, common illness like leg cramps is most common. Pregnant women are advised to support their legs while sitting. Week 26, since the fetus is growing daily, pregnant women tummy increased day by day. Week 27, this is the last week of second trimester and pregnant women are advised to prepare on their third trimester. During this stage, environmental factors like pollution and infectious diseases affect the development of the fetus. Environmental pollution like waste from industries or fumes from vehicles can cause physical problems to the infant (Kampa & Castanas, 2008). Infectious diseases like syphilis, chancroid or gonorrhea damages the brain of the infant (Bradley et. al 2011). Third Trimester This is the period from the 28th week to that time of delivery in human pregnancy (Bayer & Altman, 2004). The following are changes which took place during the third trimester. Week 28, this is the week where the contraction of the uterus takes place. Pregnant women are advised to familiarize themselves with certain changes that they will experience during this stage. Week 29, this is the time the fetus nerves are sensitive to some environment (Berk, 2001). Women at this stage are advised to be at calm environment. Week 30, this is the week the fetus has just moved slightly lower from the previous position. Week 31, this is the week pregnant women experience a slight changes in the uterus. The fetuses now are not kicking the way it used to. Week 32, this is the time pregnant women are supposed to think about their unborn child, inviting families and friends for the shower in of the unborn (Bayer & Altman, 2004). Week 33 and 34, this are the weeks pregnant women are supposed to prepare the home and others requirement of the baby. Week 35,this is the week pregnant women are advised to visit their physician to check their babies. Week 36, this is the week pregnant women pee frequently since the fetus has lowered the position near the pelvic area. Week 37, this is the time the breasts of pregnant women start to increase in size due to formation of colostrum (Boyd et. al 2006). Colostrum is the first food of the baby. Week 38 and 39, this is the week where pregnant women should pack all the requirements of the baby go to hospital. Week 40, this is the final journey of pregnancy. Pregnant women should be ready to give birth. At this stage of human development, maternal stress and depression start to develop in a pregnant woman (Weinstock,2005). Women are advised by doctors to avoid things that can lead to depression, since depression can cause harm to both the mother and baby and lead to premature birth or death to infant. Birth This is the delivery time for pregnant women. They deliver after undergoing various labors (Boyd et. al 2006). The labor can be informed of the contraction of the uterus or signs of water due to the leaking of the baby suck. During this stage, the environmental factor that hinders the life of both the mother and baby is economic and family problems (Frey & Stutzer, 2010). Family problems can be luck of money in the home to buy food, baby requirements and to cater for the hospital bill. These can lead to premature birth or death of an infant. From the discussion, it is clear that the paper has looked on the major changes occurring at different stages of human development. The stages and changes occurring have been clearly indicated and it is seen that a baby is formed in stages and each stage plays a big role in the formation of the fetus. The paper has also looked at the impact of environmental factors at each stage of development and articulates their impact on human development. 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