Character and Effects in Neonatal Institutes - Research Proposal Example

Name Tutor Title: Ethics and Sustainability Institution Date Ethics and sustainability Medicine as a scholarly field should encompass the employment of ethics and sustainability. Its focus is to enhance improve patient care and promotion of professionalism. Therefore a medical practitioner must abide by principles of ethical conduct in practice research, patient care and in training. The emergence of ethics training in the field of medicine identifies medical misconduct. In this event medical ethics is a farm that yields medical practitioners with fit tools and comprehension. According to Vallero (2007), this mainly involves the application of ethical standards that will not impact into conflict between fellow medics in the related field. Most of the solutions sometimes compromise. According to Jason (1998), the main agenda of the improvement is to make an inclusion of societal perspective without allowing room for errors, that is, abandon scientific principles and better scientific designs. Medicine affects most societies as a whole. Therefore life is vital and should hence be protected by all means hence the essence of ethics. To meet ethical standards one should have a healthy foundation in medical ethics. Ethics is an entity that involves adhering to the rules and regulation of the related field and more. Having this in mind one should put the welfare of the society the first priority. Summary Lack of ethics would impact into certain conditions that are not admirable and would render one either impaired, ill or an eventual sudden death as a result of drug reaction and vaccines. Drugs that are prescribed wrongly for instance Ritalin et al, deadly chemicals like Aspartame which is due to banning inexpensive remedies that is Homeopathy. This breaks the bridge that connects the society due to malpractices. Such cases include Iatrogenic. This is an adverse effect resulting from the lack medical supervision or misguided advice which would otherwise be avoided. Apart from that it is also an aftermath of ill actions by a medical practitioner that is physician, nurses, dentist and pharmacists. Therefore it is not only bound to convectional medication but can also be as an effect of substitute and complementary medication. Iatrogenic events are escalating every now and it is risk for patients admitted in hospitals (Weingart, 2000). Objective Assess incidents of iatrogenic events, its prevention, character and effects in neonatal institutes. Methodology The study was undertaken for a period of two weeks in some neonatal institutes. The effect was thus outlined as the incident which compromised the welfare of other beings hence putting to risk the patient’s safety, that is, in the prevailing harmful environment. Methods that were used in collection of data include: questionnaire, observations and interviews. Therefore the study was done on ICU unit on a sample of beds occupied by patients. This was done on a hospital in Marseille for a period of about 9 months. All patients suffering from iatrogenic (neonates) were assessed. The extent of the effect was determined by using clinical patient index hence relay the scale of the effect. However the patients who had undergone surgery or those in demand of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were excluded from the study. During the study, night and day attendants were present during that time to ensure all events were taken into account. The whole study recorded the duration of the admitted patients to his departure that is several weeks to a couple of months when severe. The study was approved by legal bodies and responsible department with the hospital. This was carried out by quality improvement plan in collaboration of the public health department within the hospital (Hartwig, 1991). Procedure and data The study was hence based on an Australian incident that involved the assessment of patients in the ICU (intensive care unit). It was carried out on patients whose name was undisclosed for ethical purposes and towards the only voluntary patients. The recording was done on an administrative data that is neonatal unit, name, dates; clinical behavior of the affected that is birth, weight, central venous line, gender and the theoretical segment giving a narration of the situation of the patient. Hence 53 incidents were established to assist in collection of data. Due to multi-factorial descent i.e. bronchi-pulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enter-colitis, and retinopathy were excluded from the study (Isabelle, 2008). Before the study was carried out, tutorial classes were done and apart from that it included group talks for enhancement and bonding. This was meant to familiarize the paramedics with the incident to be dealt with. The study was carried out ensuring the recording of the admission to the departure or eventual death. To enhance the quality of data collection the paramedics made observations within the units to note any changes on the babies who were affected with the illness. Therefore, paramedics hence had a discussion with the staff responsible with the unit to complete the data sheet (Isabelle, 2008). Outcomes Therefore about 388 neonates were admitted during the study with about 2700 days that is nine months. From the admitted patients only about half of them had severe effects of the illness that is 116 and 56 had more than one incident. Out of all patients 267 cases were detected. Therefore the rate was 8.8 per 1000 patient days. The percentage of the severe incidents were thus 29%, 34% preventable and 1% were in a critical fatal. It was realized that sever cases were less preventable than minor events. The table below shows the distribution of the cases: severe preventable Severe iatrogenic events that were preventable Vascular (n=38) 5(13%) 13(34%) 2(40%) Nosocomial infection (n=62) 49(79%) 9(15%) 6(12%) Adverse drug event (n=34) 8(24%) 19(56%) 4(50%) Cutaneous (n=94) 5(5%) 32(34%) 5(100%) Respiratory (n=26) 9(35%) 17(65%) 3(33%) Digestive (n=11) 0 1(9%) 0 Others (n=2) 2(100%) 1(50%) 1(50%) Total (n=267) 78(29%) 92(34%) 21(27%) Source: (Leape, 1992) Discussion The studies showed that a good number of patients admitted with the case were preventable. Severe cases were nosocomial infections and respiratory disorders. Frequent occurrences of cutaneous injuries and medical errors such us wrong prescription were observed. It was eventually noted that the issues that revolved around iatrogenic were under weight births and reduced gestational period. Iatrogenic illness usually occurs frequently to neonates. This mainly affected the neonates who had birth complications. Findings Statistics show that 7,820 death cases were reported from complicated cases associated with the illness i.e. medical and surgical care. The numbers of male cases reported were 5,271 and 2,549 female deaths. Ethics and sustainability play a very important role in the society and positively affects the future generations. They therefore used as a tool for consideration of the medication for human health. It is also used in the state and cultures to spearhead research on innovations on medical grounds. For this reason it influences the opinions of the society towards the innovations. Sustainability and ethics in the field of medicine are so far undergoing an evolution process such as in the case of iatrogenic events. Most of the societies hence should embrace its roles because health is the primary focus of an individual. Hospitals sometimes impair the human well being (Vallero, 2007). Conclusion Sustainability and ethics in medicine should be interdisciplinary and intercultural to be well integrated to stop cases of iatrogenic. This means that they should take communal responsibility. Hence morals and values that make one able to make conclusive and reasonable decisions. This makes it possible to prevent otherwise hazardous agents and ensure healthy well being of neonates. For health to be ensured it calls for quality sustainability and ethical standards. Apart from human health it can also be extended to the entire system. The responsible bodies should ensure that values and principles are maintained to for sustainable healthy community. Application of sustainable mechanisms leads to reduced and manageable cases of iatrogenic incidents. The field is maturing and many health systems are using information systems for hospitalized patients care with the related illnesses. Bibliography Hartwig S, D. S. (1991). incident report-based medication error reporting program. Severity-indexed , 48: 2611–16. Isabelle Ligi, F. A. (2008). Iatrogenic events in admitted neonates. cohort study a prospective , 404-410. Leape, L. (1992). Unnecessary Surgery. Annual Review of Public Health , 13: 363-383. Lazarou, J. (1998). Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients. JAMA , 279(15):1200-1205. Vallero, D. (2007). Biomedical Ethics for Engineers. Salt Lake: ACADEMIC PRESS . Weingart, S. (2000). Confidential clinician-. Reported surveillance of adverse events among medical inpatients , 470–477. Read More