Millennium Development Goals - Essay Example

Millennium Development Goals Attaining of the two millennium development goals (MDGs) which includes the improve maternal health and combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases can excellently be analysed in terms of the barriers to progress, costs, and quality (Alison, Buttenheim & David,2012). Developing nations are still struggling with most of the socioeconomic problems including the ailments and diseases (Olufunke & Olumuyiwa, 2009). The population records on of the maternal, newborn and child mortality are typically high. A huge number of the 265,000 maternal deaths, 1.2 million neonatal deaths and 880,000 stillbirths are recorded annually. The largest chunk of this population occurs in low income countries. Developed nations have established medical sectors that have been working for a long period of time and are relatively strong and capable of countering the health challenges they face. Millennium development goals outline the importance of improving the maternal health as a vital attempt. Millennium development goals envision reduction of the maternal mortality ratio by virtually three-quarters an outlined period of time between 1990 and 2015 (Tanja et al, 2007). This feature is notable or mirrored in terms of the assessing of the maternal mortality ratio and evaluating the proportion of the births attended by well -skilled health personnel. Millennium development goal 6 delves on the combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases the target 7 of the goal is to halt HIV/AIDS by the clocking of the 2015 and consequently initiates a reverse process of the spread of HIV/AIDS. The MDGs lays out the some indicators for the achievement of the stipulated targets (Olufunke & Olumuyiwa, 2009). Maternal health (Goals 5) Maternal health in the developed nations has significant traits in terms of progress, costs, and quality in tackling of the maternal health as a challenge in the MDGs (Alison, Buttenheim & David, 2012). They have high expenditures in reducing the maternal deaths and presenting desirable life standards to its women populace (Tanja et al, 2007). Fig: Overall level healthcare use Developed nations have a population of women mainly entailing of the educated class of women who are well informed of the medical issues due to high levels of literacy in the country. Most of the women are working in various capacities and have low fertility rate since they attached to their job segments. From the availed the table, out of 100000 live births, there is only 3 death maternal deaths cases in 2013, 5 maternal deaths in 2005, 5 maternal deaths in 1995 thus revealing a considerable achievement in the developed nations fight against maternal death related cases. The country shows no indication or presence of a number of AIDS –related indirect maternal deaths. These statistics indicates the outcome of great investment undertaken in the improvement of the maternal health standards in the developed nations which indicates improved quality, intensive progress and the large amount of costs spent in the program (Alison, Buttenheim & David,2012) . The developed nation have improved medical equipments and other entailed tools that keeps them at par with desired or relevant level for tackling the maternal challenges (David et al, 2008). Fig: maternal mortality in Denmark Maternal health in developing nations for instance Nigeria has despicable standards and shows pathetic trends in terms of tackling the challenge (Tanja et al, 2007). Nigeria globally accounts for close to 13 percent of the entire maternal deaths. It has close to the 36,000 women who die while carrying pregnancy or at child delivery. The country accounts huge chunk of the teenage deaths while giving birth of nearly 5500 of these deaths (Tanja et al, 2007). The progress of the maternal health as millennium development goal in Mozambique is still poor (Tanja et al, 2007). The country has a poor approach in tackling the maternal health and depends hugely on the donors to funds it maternal health process. This is similar to other developing nations in Africa, Asia and South America. The cost spent on the maternal health as a country is contrastingly low as compared to the developed nations. It has poor investments in the maternal health acre equipments and other medicals requirement in the process of handling the maternal care. The progress in tackling maternal deaths receives great opposition from sepsis, haemorrhage, eclampsia, and abortion complications that are the main cause of death in the Nigeria (Olufunke & Olumuyiwa, 2009). Developed nations have massive investments in responding to the challenges in the list. The country has low adoption of the modern family methods of close to 9.8 percent. The women population hints of the 16.1 population of the unmet desired and urge for family planning mechanism (David et al., 2008). According to (David et al, 2008), the developing countries have low statics regarding the number of women who seek medical care process as close 51 percent of women have below four antenatal care visits. The developing nations also have high level of unskilled attendants with Nigeria having 38 percent of 6.6 million yearly births aided by the skilled attendants. Inclusion of new evidence-based and low-cost interventions has been hinted as the possible way to reduce mortality and subsequent morbidity. The UN body hence demands addition of new funding regarding this funding. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases The comparison of the millennium development goals with regards to Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases (Goal 6) amongst developing and developing nations is highly different. The developed nations have great control for the viral, bacterial and protozoan diseases. Millennium development goals outline reduction in HIV prevalence amongst pregnant women falling between the ages of 15-24 years. Developed nations have very low number HIV patients especially located in the bracket age limit. The goals also outline the increase in the use of condom rate as a preventative a contraceptives for controlling of the prevalence rate (Olufunke & Olumuyiwa, 2009). The MDG lists out use of Condom in the very high-risk sex zones. Developed nation have achieved this through crusading and communicating with its citizenry on adoption of use of condoms. Developed nations also plan for purchasing condoms and delivering condom to its citizenry. MDG has listed the increased awareness and comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS especially for the percentage of the population found in the age bracket of 15-24 years. The MDG lines out great regards for consideration of the stated increased consideration of the Ratio of school attendance especially for the orphans in comparison to the attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years as a critical tool for evaluation. MDGs also consider prevalence and death rates as the main branches associated with combating of malaria and other diseases. World developing countries lead in terms of having the world’s largest records of reported HIV infections with. In ethnicity grouping Malays have a record of (71.0%) , next in line is the Chinese who have 14% and number three in the group is the Indians (8%) (Wah-yun, Reik &,Wen-ting, 2010). Changing of these statics require strong and impeccable funding from the United Nations bodies. Fig: HIV infections in terms of ethnicity The large number of medical practitioners has kept the diseases at bay. MDGs through various UN organs have outlined treatment models for combating of malaria in their risk zones. The developed nations have increased level progress in terms of achieving the MDGs goals in combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. The progress is notable in terms of the high levels of the investment made in training the medical specialists; high quality of equipments entailed in the process of testing and treatment the medical conditions amongst the citizens of the nations. The standards and levels increase the level of medical care in the developed nation as compared to developing nations that have contrastingly low ration of medical specialists to patients (David et al, 2008). On contrary, the developing nations are faced with numerous challenges including low investment in the medical sector slowing the rate of achieving the MDGs as according to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Developing nations have low number of medical practitioners to patients thus presenting a low possibility of ever attaining the MDGs (Olufunke & Olumuyiwa, 2009). Most developing nations are grappling with free medical care and availing of condoms and other contraceptives to its populace. Large number of people suffering from HIV/AIDS is found if sub-Saharan Africa, that mainly consists of developing world. Deaths associated directly or indirectly are consistently high in sub-Saharan Africa. Girl –child in the developing world faces up to close to three times risk of contracting HIV as compared to the rest of the groups of people. Most of the ante-retroviral drugs for the developing nations are mainly donations from the developed nation. The drugs are comparably expensive, and the developing does not have the capacity to provide its population with the drugs. Developing nations have poor quality standards for excellently addressing the conventional or modern challenges in their combat for combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Most of the budgetary allocations for the developing nations mainly entailing huge chunk of the recurrent costs of paying its staffs and in most cases these government goes for the development partners to enable them avail the relevant standards to their citizenry. In conclusion, achievement of the millennium development goals (MDGs) on the maternal health (Goals 5) and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases amongst developed and developing nations is quite different. The differences are notable in terms of the costs of investment undertaken in the health care system; progress is also evaluated according to the level of adoption of new measures in the medical sector. Developed nations have portrayed high and quality attempts in providing the best medicals aids to its population. Reference David Sanders, Ruth Stern, Patricia Struthers, Thabale Jack Ngulube & Hans Onya m, (2008) What is needed for health promotion in Africa: band-aid, live aid or real change? Centre for Health, Science and Social Research (CHESSORE), Critical Public Health Vol. 18, No. 4, December 509–519. Alison M., Buttenheim, David A. Asch (2012) , Behavioral Economics: The Key to Closing the Gap on Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival for Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5?, Springer Science, Business Media. 22 May, LLC 2012 Tanja AJ Houweling,A Carine Ronsmans,B Oona MR Campbell B & Anton E Kunst A, Huge poor–rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries, Bulletin of the World Health Organization | October 2007, 85 (10) Wah-yun L., Reiko Y.,Wen-ting T. (2010) achieving the U.N.’S millenium development goal in combating HIV AND AIDS: the malaysia scenario Olufunke A. Alaba & Olumuyiwa B. Alaba (2009), Malaria in Rural Nigeria: Implications for the Millennium Development Goals, . Journal compilation C _ African Development Bank 2009 Read More