Understanding the Role of Technology in Health Information Systems - Assignment Example

Understanding the Role of Technology in Health Information Systems Source Done Lewis Niconahobge Hoge, Duminda Gamage and Maxin Whittaker (2011). Understanding the role of technology in health information systems. Retrieved from http://www.uq.edu.au/hishub/wp17 Introduction This paper reviews the article ‘Understanding the role of technology in health information systems’ by Lewis, Hoge, Gamage, and Whittaker (2011) which was prepared in the University of Queensland (at the school of population health). The purpose of this review is to evaluate this article critically. This entails an analysis on the purpose of the text and its structure, while assessing its appropriateness. The article will be first summarized in the review. Then the second part will be highlighting the important issues that have been covered. The last part will include be shortcomings then the recommendations followed by the conclusion. My general response to the author’s point of view in terms of technology adoption in the region studied is positive. Summary on the Highlighted Issues The objective of the paper was to provide a common and specific language that will categorize and discuss health information systems. It outlined the benefits and opportunities that come up with the use of information and communication technology and discussing the factors that result in the success or failure of the information and communication technology with reference to the developed and developing countries. In order to achieve this, a literature review was first carried out on the previous health information technology implementation in the Pacific Island countries and territories and findings presented. The countries include Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Guam, Malaysia, Palau, Samoa, Philippines, Fiji, and Kiribati, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Island (Lewis et al., 2011) One of the significant issues highlighted in this article includes determination of the opportunities and benefits that come with the integration of ICT in the health information systems (Wallace and Wray, 2011). As articulated in the article, the opportunities available here are the increased cases of the chronic diseases and the direct need for improved quality health care service delivery. In an effort to curb this, a lot of investments have been done. The medical records are now being stored electronically, and can be accessed anywhere in the world, sharing of the longitudinal health records that are electronically stored and secured messaging to the interconnected systems has been developed (Lewis et al., 2011). Another significant issue addressed is the causes of success or failures of the investments made in HIS. The author attributes the failures to lack of sponsorship of the senior management, requirements of good ICT integration were not specified adequately, lack of sufficient time and resources that are allocated to facilitate the organization change and underinvestment of human capacity. The author states that according to the studies done, if the senior management is not committed, the project is likely to fail. An analysis of the key challenges facing the successful implementation of the ICT initiatives in the pacific was made. These challenges include telecommunications infrastructure, human capacity and training, affordability and appropriateness (Lewis et al., 2011). Also covered in the article are the tools and frameworks that are in place to evaluate the use of ICT in health. The author has mentioned a number of academic articles and the reports from agencies which promote the contribution of ICT to the improved health in the developing countries. The author has discussed in full the maturity model that is used to outline the changes of the organization as they move or cross different stages to enable adoption of the ICT. The model provides the guidelines on the requirements needed while in the cycle and the components of each stage. The paper has also outlined the stages to be followed in the development of the health information system backed by the practical models (Lewis et al., 2011). Strengths The data that is contained in the paper was collected from the consultative meetings held by staffs of the heath care centers in different regions, for instance in Nandi and Fiji among other. The discussions were framed by a qualitative group methodology containing key questions from the health metrics network frameworks and standards for country health information system. A comprehensive literature review was also held hence the paper was credible (Lewis et al., 2011). The paper was published in an effort to provide information to the public and the health care or medical community. In respect of Borycki (2008) arguments the topic is relevant to the audience that is addressed to since it fits to the current society which is technology oriented. The paper was published in 2011 and updated in 2012 based on recent references dated from 2009 to 2011, hence making it very current. Shortcomings The analysis of the benefits that emerge as a result of the integration of ICT in the developing countries has not been established in the report. The few mentioned benefits in the developed counties are not extensive and this raises questions whether ICT makes any notable changes in the delivery of services. The paper has also relied on information from the pacific island countries. Limiting the research to only these areas limits the diversity and integration of ICT in countries that face different challenges. The article has also overlooked the criteria that the management use to identify whether the investment in ICT is reasonable and if yes, the modes and bases for making the investments (Lewis et al., 2011). Recommendations I would recommend that a further research be done. This research should revolve around the areas or issues not articulated in this article. In order for this article to be extensive, a further extensive research should also include a research done on the countries that have not yet developed. The practical benefits should be mentioned, stating the situation before and after the integration (Eliezed and Heller, 2011). Conclusion This review has summarized the article, “understanding the role of technology in health information systems”. The content, structure, strengths and the limitation of this paper have been criticized and thoroughly analyzed. This paper has articulated the various ways the ICT has been implemented in the health care centers and the various reasons that have led to its failure. The paper has also provided recommendation on how to develop a stable health information system. This has helped the medical community in improving their services. The research done is credible. Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis Source Simon T. Saldanha & Moses M.S Krishnan (2012). Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2012.723585 Introduction This review critically analysis the article ‘Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis’ by Terence J. V. Saldanha & M. S. Krishnan. The review will involve highlighting of the key issues that have been articulated in the article, mainly on the evidence raised to support the adoption of the web 2.0 technologies. The review will also highlight the shortcomings of the article and address any need of improvement through citing some of the recommendations available. The literature reviewed in this article as well as the evidence based analysis that is contained in the article is credible and reliable, hence a positive response from the reviewer. Summary on the Highlighted Issues The purpose of this article is to examine the factors that have facilitated the adoption of the web 2.0 technologies. The success of this examination is attributed to the access of data from a large sample of firms. Another objective is to empirically validate the model through which the organizations adopt the web 2.0 technologies. This article also recognizes the extensive research that has been done and examines the level of usage of these web 2.0 technologies by the employees. A survey of a large number of the United States firms was conducted that enabled data collection. Some of the respondents interviewed were the IT managers and staff, general corporate managers and staff and the senior consultants of other large companies. This was done by the Information Week of 2007 (Saldanha and Krishnan, 2012). Literature that was related to the topic was also reviewed including reference of some of the theories that were developed to explain development and implementation the web 2.0. This also included former research made by various scholars and the findings of such research. The literature also articulates the benefits that come with web 2.0 technologies with reference to how they add value to the business. An example is the social media and the blogs. These stimulate the social interactions hence foster communication without the geographical barriers. The article explains the Technology Adoption Model that is used (Saldanha and Krishnan, 2012). Some of the theories have been adopted to explain this. These include the institutional theory, the diffusions and innovation theory among others. The sample descriptive and the empirical model were used to analyze the data collected (Raeth, Moe, king and William, 2010). The results obtained included the support of three hypothesis statements .The factors that led to the organizations adopting the web 2.0 technologies included the organization size, the knowledge intensity of the industry and the extent to which the open standards for the organization are important. The article also explains some of the major contributions the research had made to the organization. It also explains about the limitations and call for further research, because the web 2.0 technologies are developing on daily basis (Saldanha and Krishnan, 2012). Strengths The article aims at creating awareness of the web 2.0 technologies, bringing awareness to those organizations that are still lagging behind. The sources of the article are reputable and reliable as certified by the departments (Raeth et el., 2010). The authors of the article are professors in the university hence the information provided in the article can be regarded as credible (Saldanha and Krishnan, 2012). The article was also written to be used for education purposes hence the information is relevant to the target audience. Quarterly (2009) argues that many companies have benefited from the integration of the web 2.0 technologies, among them innovation of products and services, generation of higher revenues and reduced costs of doing business. Shortcomings The in-text citations used in almost the whole article are not up to date. The argument on a study done in 1995 has diminished the relevance of this article today. The study done was only limited to the large US firms, having overlooked that the small firms also adopt the web 2.0 technologies and some are doing well. The assumption that was used by the study regarding the factors that would drive the organization to adopt the web 2.0 technologies was not quantifiable (Saldanha and Krishnan, 2012). The study has not mentioned the issues that arise out of adopting the w 2.0 technologies. Hinchcliffe (2009) has mentioned a number of them. He has mentioned illiteracy amongst the workers on the social media, perception of poor performance of the social tools in some industries, Security plans, and difficulties in engaging the wider globe among others. Recommendation I would recommend a further and more current research be done. This is because the data regarding web 2.0 technologies is not complete. Therefore, in order to ensure accuracy, there is need to revisit the organizations. The research should also include small firm’s information. This will help in diversify the argument and develop mechanisms that will work on both the small and large firms. The research should also encompass some of the firms outside the U.S environment. The research should outline the implications of adopting the technology in terms of the negative effects and not just rely on the positive ones (Hinchcliffe 2009). Conclusion The review has summarized the article ‘Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis’. The content, structure strengths and the limitation of this paper have been criticized and thoroughly analyzed. This paper has articulated the adoption of the web 2.0 technologies in the organizations. The paper has also provided recommendation on developing further research. The article is well researched and credible. The review has summarized the discussion paper ‘Tomorrow’s Library: Discussion Paper’The review has summarized the discussion paper ‘Tomorrow’s Library: Discussion Paper’This review has summarized the working paper ‘Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis’This review has summarized the working paper ‘Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis’This review has summarized the working paper ‘Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis’This review has summarized the working paper ‘Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis’This review has summarized the working paper ‘Organizational Adoption of Web 2.0 Technologies: An Empirical Analysis’Bottom of Form Tomorrow’s Library: Discussion Paper Sources Ministerial Advisory Council on Public Libraries (2012). Tomorrow’s Library: Discussion Paper. State Government of Victoria. Retrieved from http://www.plvn.net.au/sites/default/files/TLTD002_Tomorrow's Library Discussion Paper final web.pdf Introduction This review critically analyses ‘Tomorrow’s Library: Discussion Paper’ by The Ministerial Advisory Council on Public Libraries. The main objective of this review is to critically analyze the important issues that have been highlighted in the article. The review will also involve citing some of the shortcomings that emerge and the recommendations where necessity to improve arises. In my own view, as the author of the review, the information retrieved from this article is credible and reliable. Summary on the Highlighted Issues The purpose of this discussion paper is to provide the entire community and the stakeholder with the opportunity to put forward their views that will aim at future development for the Victorian public library. According to this paper, the future planning certain key factors have to be considered during determination of things like demographic, social cultural, economic and the local factors. The key areas outlined in the discussion paper include the library buildings, the collections resources and programs, technology and service delivery. In the collection of resources and programs, the author should appreciate the fact that the information sourced from the digital media has increased. The library collections also are found to be obsolete in the sense that some are not used or are too traditional to be applied. The challenge is how to deal with the ever changing expectations of the changing population on the provision of the public library services and the impact of the new technology like eBooks on the traditional ways of providing library services. Maness (2006) has outlined some of the implications that come with adoption of the library 2.0. The library buildings are supposed to be flexible in order to meet the preferences of the community now and in the future. Building codes are supposed to be revised continuously. Technological changes relate to the services rendered in the community expectations. Library 2.0 is the term used to describe the change of library services with reference to the application of the web based technology (Borycki, 2008). The changes include notifications formats, the loans granted on eBooks and return. The challenge is meeting the future expectations of the community. The options for delivering the services are increasing demand for the staff to be flexible and change their traditional ways of providing the services. The challenge is to find and retain qualified staff (“Ministerial Advisory Council on Public Libraries”, 2012). Strengths According to Urbach (2013) there are four phases through which enterprise resource systems are deployed. This discussion paper has clearly outlined the major phases including mentioning the implications of adopting web 2.0 in the provision of the library services. This includes identifying the challenges that come with the integration and the benefits that will follow after the integration. The paper also relies largely on the feedback from the people accessing the services. Shortcomings The paper has just outlined the challenges that emerge from the integration of the web 2.0 on provision of the services with reference to service delivery, library buildings, collections and programs and the ever changing technology. There is no mention of the benefits of success integration of the technology (“Ministerial Advisory Council on Public Libraries”, 2012). Suggestion for Improvements According to Esther and Savard (2011) in order to ensure a smooth shift, there is need to support the library staff through training and encouragement by giving out awards. The library collections and programs should be digitalized. The library buildings should be able to accommodate the entire community including the disabled people. This should be done by refurbishing the old people. Through the introduction of online learning, there is need to set the national and international standards that will govern the internet environment. Creation of website that provides all the information needed regarding the public libraries should be done (Esther and Savard (2011). Conclusion The review has summarized the discussion paper ‘Tomorrow’s Library: Discussion Paper’. The content, structure and the limitations of the paper were criticized and analyzed. All said and done, the integration of the web 2.0 technologies contributes to beneficial change in the running of the libraries. This paper has analyzed the challenges being experienced and the recommendation for improving the service provision. However, there is a need to do more current studies since technology changes and improves each time. References Chris G. Eliezed and James O. Heller (2011). Managing Technology in Healthcare. London: Springer London Limited. Done Lewis, Niconahobge Hoge, Duminda Gamage and Maxin Whittaker (2011). Understanding the Role of Technology in Health Information Systems. Retrieved from http://www.uq.edu.au/hishub/wp17 Elizabeth Marie Borycki (2008). The role of Technology in Structuring Information Seeking in Health Professionals. Canada: University of Toronto. Eugene D. Esther and Rooney Savard (2011). Marketing Libraries. Netherlands: Green Lion Publisher. Fred D. Hinchcliffe (2009). Issues in Adopting Enterprise Social Computing. Retrieved from http://www.zdnet.com/blog/hinchcliffe/ten-top-issues-in-adopting-enterprise-social-computing/581 Mark Wallace and Antony Wray (2011). Critical Reading and Writing for Postgraduates. London: Sage Publication Ltd. Mary J. Maness (2006). Library 2.0 Theory: Web 2.0 and Its Implications for Libraries.  Retrieved from http://www.webology.org/2006/v3n2/a25.html McKinsey Quarterly (2009). How companies are benefiting from Web 2.0: McKinsey Global Survey results. Retrieved from http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/How_companies_are_benefiting_from_Web_20_McKinsey_Global_Survey_Results_2432 Ministerial Advisory Council on Public Libraries (2012). Tomorrow’s Library: Discussion Paper. State Government of Victoria. Retrieved from http://www.plvn.net.au/sites/default/files/TLTD002_Tomorrow's Library Discussion Paper final web.pdf Nils Urbach (2013). Corporate Adoption of Web 2.0: Challenges, Success, and Impact. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/391866/Corporate_Adoption_of_Web_2.0_Challenges_Succes s and Impact Rail P. Raeth, Simon Moe, George king and Juliet William (2010). The Adoption of Web 2.0 in Corporations: A Process Perspective. Retrieved from: http://works.bepress.com/nils_urbach/7 Simon T. Saldanha & Moses M.S. Krishnan (2012). An Empirical Analysis, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2012.723585 Read More