Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Research Paper Example

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a condition that affects the human body. It results to a rise in the levels of glucose in the body. The most common form of diabetes is the type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is also called non- insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. The condition affects 89%- 94% of over 26 million Americans with Diabetes. The human body of a person with type 2 diabetes develops insufficient insulin (Shallenberger, p. 6). The body is usually resistant to the insulin produced. When the level of insulin is below normal, or when the body becomes resistant to the insulin, glucose is not able to enter the cells. The buildup of glucose in blood results in malfunctioning of the body cells. Excess sugar in the blood may also result in damage to the nerves and blood vessels, especially the small vessels supplying the eyes, kidneys, and heart. Damage to these vital connective tissues causes hardening of the arteries and atherosclerosis. Sometimes such patients end up developing a life threatening complication called diabetic coma. Diabetic coma results when the patients become dehydrated and very ill. A rise in sugar level in the blood can result to frequent urination that causes dehydration. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes usually present as excess thirst, constant hunger, and frequent micturation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is managed through exercise and dietary changes. Metformin is administered in cases where the blood sugar level is not adequately controlled. Do’s and Don’ts for a Type 2 diabetic patient Type 2 diabetic patients should have a stress-free life. They are to take breaks at their place of work and try doing exercises such as yoga, pranayama, breathing exercise, and other music therapies. Such exercises are essential in the management of stress. Exercise the best decision for a diabetic person. Varieties of benefits achieved from exercising include; control of the sugar level, burning of cholesterol, improving muscle strength, and decreasing the blood pressure. It also boosts energy and control stress. Exercises such as walking make the muscles and heart stronger. Walking or jogging three to seven days a week for 100 minutes or 3 days a week for 80 minutes is recommended. Weight lifting in a gymnasium, three days a week is also effective (Tuomi, p. 20) The patients need to take well-balanced meals and avoid jaggery and sugary meals. The patient should be allowed to carry sweets when out training. Sweets are consumed in situations where the blood sugar level moves below normal. They are not to miss exercise programs. Exercise helps the body to sense insulin. It also utilizes the excess blood sugar for energy. Type two diabetes patients are supposed to exercise at least half an hour, five days in a week. Cardio-respiratory program for a type 2 diabetic patient The program is useful in managing type 2 diabetes patients. Regular exercise reduces fat raising insulin sensitivity. Cardio-respiratory exercise is also called aerobic exercise. The patient should begin with a small exercise before getting into very intensive training (Hendricks, p 100). Patients can do exercise by Cycling, Skipping, boxing, tramp lining, Rowing, weight lifting and other sports such as rugby, football, soccer, squash, badminton, basketball, and baseball. Week Activity Week 1 The patient should take enough food before trying on the various exercises. They should not rush into the exercise and should begin at a lower note. The patient to run on a treadmill for 30 minutes and raise the heart rate for the five days of the week. The patient should begin with lighter exercises. They can have half an hour session for three days in a week depending on the type of exercise they are taking part. Week 2 The patient needs to have a full hour session each day. They can run on the treadmill for 30 minutes, take a rest, and then continue with the exercise. The patient should carry sweets if they go out for long. The patient should rest if they get tired on the way while running outside the house. Week 3 Patient to exercise for one and half hours per session. The training should be daily for a whole week. The patient can play basketball or badminton but should avoid highly intense exercise. Patient to rest between sessions and can proceed with the exercise to the point where they feel like not continuing. Week 4 The patient can have a two hour session each day in one week. The patient can decide whether to do it early in the morning or in the evening. They should adhere to the sessions if they have to achieve great results. The patient should monitor the blood sugars during this exercise to avoid hypoglycemic conditions. Week 5 The patient can have a two and half hour training session. These should be done daily for one week. The patient can carry small weight when running. They should be accompanied by a trainer during training to help deal with diabetic coma. The patient can repeat the same exercise over and over again Week 6 Assessment should be done at the end of the sixth week. The patient can have a training session of three hours in a day. The patient can decide to run in the morning and play other games in the evening or even dance. Such games will strengthen the lungs and blood vessels. The doctor will monitor sugar control to assess improvements. Resistant program for a type 2 diabetic patient Resistant program is vital in recovery of type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. The patient has to adhere to the regimen for the training to be effective. It involves pushing against a force of different forms. (Colvin, p. 50) Week Activities Week 1 Patient to warm up with light aerobics before commencing. Such aerobic should include walking, cycling or rowing. It is done for a period of 15 minutes. Resistance exercise should be done two days in a week. The patient decides to try on weight lifting, Medicine balls, or Resistant bands. One set of exercises to be done daily. The patient should start with a 3 kg weight if she plans to weight lift. Eight repetitions done per set. The patient should rest for 30 minutes between sets. Exercise done to the point where the patient feels exhausted. Week 2 Patient warm up begins with aerobics and then try on weight lifting, squats, chin ups or push-ups. 10 repetitions are done per set. Two sets are done in a day. The patient should try lifting 5 kg weight. The patient rests for 25 minutes between repetitions. The patient should rest for two days before starting the exercise once again to allow muscles to heal. Week 3 During the third week, the number of repetition increases to 11 in a set. The patient should rest for 20 minutes between repetitions. Three sets should be done in a day. The patient should lift a 10 kg weight or work on a resistance band. The patient should exercise. 12 repetitions done in a set. Week 4 The patient should increase the weight to 15 kg, though it depends on tolerance. The patient can try on other exercises that strengthen the muscle. The number of sets is increased to four and 14 repetitions in a set. Rest between sets is also reduced to 15 minutes. Week 5 Patient to increase the mass lifted depending on tolerance. The patient can try on medicine balls or other resistance exercises. Number of sets remains four in a day. Fifteen repetitions in a set. The patient can exercise three days in a week. The duration between sets and repetition should also be reduced. Week 6. This is the final week of the program. Patient assessment is done to identify goals achieved. At six weeks the number of sets in a week is increased and the weight lifted is around 20 kgs. The patient should take the shortest time to rest between the sets. Flexibility program for type 2 diabetic patients Flexibility is a type of exercise aimed at lengthening the muscles and makes them revolve through a range of motion. The patient should be able to adhere to the training regimen. This enables patients to achieve their goals. Patients should not overstretch and are to rest when they get tired (Tuomi, p. 45). Weeks Activities Week 1 The patient moves to a room with plenty space. They have to stretch for over 20 minutes in a day. A total of 150 minutes in a week. The patient to try the following stretches; shoulder, trapezium, hip flexor and lower back in 3 different ways. Hamstring and quadriceps stretch to be done in the same order. Two sets of stretches are done. The patient should not overstretch and have to repeat three stretches in a set. Week 2 The patient takes breakfast and proceeds to try the stretches. The stretches are done in different rotations. There should be avoidance of any injury at all costs. The patient should not overwork or overstretch as these may result in injuries or sprain. Four sets of stretches are done. Five repetitions per set. Week 3 The patient should not over do it and should set aside time to try and do the exercise. Exercise needs maximum attention to avoid overstretching which might result in injuries. A physiotherapist needs to consult in cases where a patient needs help. The stretch should be held in 10 minutes. Seven sets of stretches done. Six repetitions per set. Week 4 The patients achieve benefits with slow muscle stretches until they feel tight. The patient is to remain in the same position for 20 seconds, and relax for 15 minutes before doing the stretch once more. They should tackle it daily for six weeks. Sets of stretches are increased to 8. Repetition of 8 per set. Week 5 The patient should be able to adhere to the entire regimen in order to acquire effective results. In case of difficulties in doing the exercise the patient can consult the physiotherapist. Most patients who end up getting injuries in training should consult their doctor for advice. Sets of stretches are increased to 10 repetitions done in a set. Week 6 The patient can rest for five minutes between sets of stretches. The number of repetition increases to 10 and the sets of stretches are increased to 15. At the end of the sixth week the patient will asses to find out if they have recorded any improvement. The patient’s physiotherapist can help in the assessment. Work Cited Colvin, Rod, and James T. Lane. The type 2 diabetes handbook: six rules for staying healthy with type 2 diabetes. Omaha, Neb.: Addicus Books, 2011. Print. Hendricks, L. E., and R. T. Hendricks. "Greatest Fears of Type 1 and Type 2 Patients About Having Diabetes: Implications for Diabetes Educators." The Diabetes Educator 24.2 2009: 168-173. Print. Shallenberger, Frank. The Type 2 diabetes breakthrough: a revolutionary approach to treating Type 2 diabetes. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications, 2006. Print. Tuomi, T."Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: What Do They Have in Commons?" Diabetes 54. Suppl_2 2005: S40-S45. Print. Read More