Diagnosis of Nutrition and Medication - Case Study Example

Question a. Analysis of a 24-Hour food intake by HB She starts her meals with 2 sugars and ice cream. This is followed by taking 2 pieces of fried chicken, 1 biscuit, 1 cup of cole slaw, 1 large sweet tea, I cup of mashed potatoes with gravy and 1 slice of fruit pie. This is followed by taking a plate of spaghetti with meat sauce, a slice of garlic toast with parmesan cheese, a large glass of soda. Before going to bed, she takes a chocolate ice cream. b. The following table shows the results of the food intake analysis for DB Food and Sample portions Grains groups (oz. eq) Vegetable Group (cups) Fruit Group (cups) Dairy Groups (cups) Protein Food Groups (oz. eq) Estimated Total Calories Coffee and two sugars of ice cream 21/2 1/4 0 1/2 2 450 Two pieces of fried chicken, 1 biscuit and a cup of cole slaw 2 1/4 0 1/2 21/2 535 1 large sweet tea, 1 cup of mashed potatoes with gravy, 1 slice of fruit pie 2 0 0 0 11/2 330 1 large plate of spaghetti with meat sauce, I slice of garlic toast with parmesan cheese 2 1/4 0 0 2 290 1 large glass of diet soda, 1 bowl of chocolate ice cream 11/2 1/4 0 0 0 360 Vegetables such as corn and potatoes 21/2 1 0 0 11/2 575 Chicken vegetable soup with rice, chunky style (1 cup) 0 1/2 0 0 11/2 190 Banana-nut bread(2 slices) 1/2 1/4 0 0 2* 130 Pie, double crust apple or peach (1 slice of a 9”pie) 11/2 3/4 0 0 1 250-300 c. DB’s energy needs using Mifflin St. Jeor equation The following formula is used in calculation of Mifflin energy needs for HB According to information pertaining to HB, her weight is 83.9 kg and her height is 156 while her age is 50 years. Substituting the above information into the equation, we obtain: This gives a value of 584. Dietary guidelines will be based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. It provides w weighting of evidence from a number of clinically tested trials that assists in determining the ratio of food combination to achieve nutrition needs for diabetic individuals. Question 2 a. The following table shows the nutritional deficiencies in food taken by DB Food Type Percentage of Calories Percentage required to accomplish nutritional needs Level of nutritional deficiency Proteins 45.38 45 0 carbohydrates 25 29.4 -4.4 Fats 30 25.6 -4.4 From the table above, it can be concluded that carbohydrates intake by HB is above nutritional requirements and she needs to reduce the amount of intakes. In addition, the amount of protein intake is just enough to accomplish nutritional needs while the amount of fats intakes is also higher than the nutritional needs and should be reduced. b. The following table shows the various nutrients that will be provided by various foods consumed by DB Food type Types of Nutrients obtained 1 large glass of diet soda, 1 bowl of chocolate ice cream Proteins, mineral salts, vitamins Vegetables such as corn and potatoes Vitamins, carbohydrates and fats Chicken vegetable soup with rice, chunky style (1 cup) Proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates and mineral salts c. Despite the use of foodstuffs that result into attainment of high value nutrients, there are certain foods that are not provided thus it will not be easy to obtain certain nutrients. The main nutrient that is missing from the food combination is corn floor that is rich in calcium. Thus it will not be possible to obtain calcium from the food combination. d. The main possible nutrients that might not be available in the diet include minerals such as calcium potassium, sulphur and zinc. Question 3 a. The Novolin 70/30 insulin refers to a form of hormone that is produced in the body and assists in lowering the levels of glucose in blood. b. The most important facts that need to be known about this drug is that the user needs to keep the blood sugar from getting too low, that are likely to result into a condition called hypoglycemia. In addition, people need to be aware of symptoms of blood sugar such as increased thirst, loss of appetite, increased urination and vomiting or nausea. c. This medication is taken in the exact way in which it was prescribed. It is mainly used as an injection under the skin. The specifications for use are usually given by the doctor or pharmacist with regards to where injection should be done. d. There are certain actions that are taken in case of under-dose or overdose. In order to avoid a missed dose, it is important to ensure that the user eats the right amounts of meals within 30 to 60 minutes of the dose. In case the user overdoses, it is necessary to ensure the user seeks the right medical attention since too much of this drug can cause life-threatening hypoglycemia. The symptoms of this condition include weaknesses, blurred vision, sweating and convulsions. e. The main warning about this disease is that the user is not required to change the brand of insulin used or the syringe used without consulting the doctor or pharmacist. f. This drug does not have any direct impacts on nutrients in that are consumed by the user. However, patients are advised to take the right measures in ensuring any side effects are reported to the pharmacists or doctor. Question 4 The following will be a 1-day meal plan for DB a particular day. 6.45 a.m Breakfast- Cup of Milk with 1/2kg Bread 10.00 a.m Coffee with two pieces of sausage 2.00 p.m Lunch time: Chicken stew with spaghetti and rice 4.00 pm. Pineapple fruit juice with baked samosas 7.00 p.m Supper time: Rice with slice of garlic toast with parmesan cheese b. CHO needs will be contributed by consumption of rice,spaghetti, samosas and bread. The following table shows the nutrients analysis that will apply to the patient Food and Sample portions Grains groups (oz. eq) Vegetable Group (cups) Fruit Group (cups) Dairy Groups (cups) Protein Food Groups (oz. eq) Estimated Total Calories Milk with Bread 21/2 0 0 1/2 250 Coffee with two pieces of sausage 0 0 0 0 21/2 300 Chicken with spaghetti and rice 2 0 0 0 11/2 330 Pineapple fruit juice with baked samosas 2 1/4 0 0 0 200 Rice with slice of garlic toast with parmesan cheese 11/2 1/4 0 0 0 360 Question 5 In order to enable DB use the meal plan created above, she will have to be educated on how to go about obtaining foodstuffs that contain the nutrients required for her health concern. She will be required to ensure that she obtains all the foods she would use the following day before commencing the meal preparation. She will also be required to seek the help of the right experts in preparation of foods that she cannot prepare herself. In addition, she will be advised to ensure she adheres to the requirements of the menu by eating only what has been suggested in the meal plan. Question 6 The advice that would be given to DB regarding her decision to take less prescribed medicines is that she needs to stop the habit of selling some of the medicines to other people. This is because the medicines are prescribed for her and she is the most suitable person to use them. Thus she needs to ensure that she is the only person that needs to use them. In addition, the idea of using lesser of the medicines will not be beneficial to her since the required level of cure will not be attained. References Brown, A. C. (2011). Understanding food: Principles and preparation. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub Co. DeBruyne, L. K., Pinna, K., & Whitney, E. N. (2012). Nutrition and diet therapy. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth / Cengage Learning. Rolfes, S. R., Pinna, K., & Whitney, E. N. (2006). Understanding normal and clinical nutrition. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. Read More