The Needs of Homeless People Living with HIV - Essay Example

Qualitative Research Approaches Ethnography Ethnography is the study of the culture of a particular society. It is a descriptive account of a community or culture (Hammersly, M. and Atkinson, P., 2007). It is used when the researcher wants to understand the way of living of a particular group of people. In ethnography, the researcher gathers information through participating in or observing which he can either tape record or jot down as notes. Research Problem: HIV/AIDS and Homelessness According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness (2006), about 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS in developing countries are homeless. This poses a major risk to the current and future generations since it leads to an increase in the dependency ratio. This in turn reduces the economic growth and is barriers to economic development since a huge proportion of the inhabitants do not give to the economy. Various measures have been taken to reduce homelessness among the HIV infected adults, but they are not effective since the measures taken do not consider the needs of those infected. Research Purpose The aim of this research is to find out the needs of homeless people living with HIV in order to develop sustainable strategies that will be effective in reducing level of homelessness among those infected with the virus. Research questions 1. How do the homeless people living with HIV find their source of living? 2. What are the basic needs of the homeless people living with HIV given their current status? Defense of the Method Used Ethnography is suitable for this research since the needs of the people living with HIV will be obtained on a first hand basis. Interview bias, common in researches dealing with HIV, will be avoided with this since the researcher will interact with the participants in their day to day activities hence get accurate information. Phenomenology This is a type of research done to determine the experience shared by a group of individuals. It is done to understand a given phenomenon. Research Problem: Experience of Being an Adult Literacy Student In the current decade, an increasing number of illiterate adults are heading to school to get the basic education. According to the International Adult Literacy Survey (2002), some of the reasons for this are the increasing awareness on the importance of basic education and increase in empowerment programs that encourage illiterate adults to get education. However, going back to school at an older age has its challenges. Most of the adults in these programs have jobs to attend to and families to raise. This makes education one of the least of their priorities hence they do not learn as much as they should. Research Purpose The aim of this research is to study the experience adults go through in school. This will help adult literacy programs and planners come up with strategies that will ensure maximum information is learned by adult learners given that they have other responsibilities. Research questions 1. What are the sources of motivation for adults to start and finish school? 2. What feelings arise when parents go to school while their children are still in school? Defense of the Method Used Phenomenology is suitable for this research study since the researcher will understand the experiences of adult school goers. The challenges faced by adults who have other responsibilities will be determined hence appropriate measures can be put in place to allow the learners get the maximum knowledge from the education system. Grounded theory Grounded theory is a research study method in which a theory or model is formulated after analysis of the data gathered. This theory developed aims at explaining some action or process through repeated investigation of a given phenomenon. Research Problem: Productivity Model in Government Institutions In recent years, there has been an ever widening deficit in most government budgets, especially in developing countries, (Stevens, J., 1984). The deficits imply need to obtain loans which at times come with high interest rates hence further worsening the situation. There has been an increasing pressure for governments to find ways of minimizing their costs to reduce the deficits. Increasing productivity in these institutions is one measure that can be taken since it has a very high potential for growth. However, measures and factors contributing to productivity in government institutions, needed to determine how to improve it, are inadequate. Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to find out factors that affect productivity in government institutions. Measurement units will also be developed in order to be able to measure productivity. This will enable governments to put bench marks on productivity levels hence help improve their productivity which will in turn help minimize their costs. Research questions 1. What are the main differences between highly ranked and the lowly ranked government institutions? 2. What aspects show that a government institution is either highly ranked or lowly ranked? Defense of the Method Used Grounded theory is suitable for this research since it involves collecting data in order to understand productivity in government institutions. Theories and models will be formulated to explain productivity levels in government institutions. Case Study This is a qualitative research study which aims to investigate a particular issue using a given group of people or institution. The ‘case’ chosen should be one that is able to explicitly show the characteristics of the issue under investigation. Research Problem: Effect of ARV’s in economic dev in Botswana Botswana is the second leading country with the highest HIV adult prevalence rates of 24% in 2006. A study done by the government found out the country’s HIV status had devastating impact on the economy hence decided to introduce a national ARV program. This program aimed to reduce the number of HIV related deaths and thus improve the country’s economic growth. However, there has been limited information on the effect of introducing the National ARV program on the country’s economic development. Research Purpose The aim of this research is to determine whether the National ARV program has a positive or a negative effect on Botswana’s economic growth and development. This will enable policy makers decide on appropriate measures for the supply of the ARVs. Research questions 1. What is the effect on taking ARV’s on the standard of living of those taking them? 2. What is the cost of getting the ARV’s necessary to sustain all individuals with HIV? Defense of the Method Used Case study is used because it is able to give clear information relating to ARVs and the economic growth and development since it focuses on Botswana which has a large proportion of people taking ARVs. Biography Biography is the study of the life of an individual who has accomplished great achievement and has had an impact in the lives of other people. Analysis is done on the individuals’ experiences and his achievements throughout his life. Research information is gathered from documents sources such as diaries and newspaper articles and interviews with personal acquaintances (McCaslin, M. and Scott, K. 2003). Research Problem: John Maynard Keynes Many current macroeconomists have conflicts over their way of thinking. This is because there are two main views of macroeconomics; Keynesian macroeconomics vs. classical macroeconomics. Secondly, Keynesian macroeconomics has been under a lot of criticism in the past decade due to a lot of factors that seem to be in disagreement with its policies. This necessitates the need to understand the origin and basis used to formulate the policies associated with it. A study of the founder of the Keynesian macroeconomics will greatly reduce the disparities associated with the view. Research Purpose The purpose of this research is to study the life, experiences and accomplishments of John Maynard Keynes. This will be to help scholars further understand the origin and basis that led to the formation of Keynesian macroeconomics. Another aim of the study is to find out how the economic situation at that time influenced formation of the policies adopted by Keynesian macroeconomics and if they can be adopted for different economic situations. Research questions 1. What factors led John Keynes to come up with the policies which later formed the Keynesian Macroeconomics? 2. How was the economic situation at the time that Keynes formulated the policies? Defense of the Method Used Biography is used in this research since it well explains the basics that John Maynard Keynes used to come with the current Keynesian macroeconomics. Bibliography Janesick, V. J. (2011). "Stretching" exercises for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.  Martyn Hammersley, P. A. (2007). Ethnology: Principles and Practice (3 ed.). New York: Routledge. McCaslin, M.L., and Wilson Scott, K. (2003). The Five-Question Method For Framing A Qualitative Research Study. The Qualitative Report, 8(3): 447-461 http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR8-3/mccaslin.pdf Serge Wagner, J. P. (2002). International Adult Literacy Survey. Ministry of Industrialization: Canada. Stevens, B. (1984). Comparing Public and Private Sector Productive Effeciency: An Analysis of Eight Activities. Global Business and Organizational Excellence , 3 (4), 395. Read More