The Epidemiology of West Nile Virus - Assignment Example

? TOPIC: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY LECTURER: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Luanda L. L .Epidemiological research regarding West Nile virus in Romania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 67(1): 67-75. The researcher addresses the issue of epidemiology of West Vile virus with particular emphasis to Romania. The method used for the research is exclusively document review where existing works of literature are reviewed. There were two major lines of outcomes. In the first instance, it was established that the current state of knowledge on West Vile virus is not sufficient for active best practice actions to be taken on the disease. It was thus concluded that there is the need for further research on the disease if best practice solutions can be found. In comparison with my personal intervention, the populations are different, as well as the method used to find interventions. - Gruszynski K. R. (2006). The epidemiology of West Nile virus in Louisiana. Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. This was another research work that looked at the epidemiology of West Vile virus in Louisiana. In the paper, a quantitative method that made use of an environmental predictive model was used. in this model, a geographic information system and remote sensing were developed to find the relationship between human cases and case in dead birds. The study concluded that there was 74% of relation. In terms of methods, there will be some level of similarity with the intended study to be carried out. However, there will be difference with the population because in the intended study, there will be an exclusive use of human populations. Wittich A. C. (2007). Spatial analysis of West Nile virus and predictors of Hyperendemicity in the Texas equine industry. Emergency Infectious Diseases. 11(10):1633-5 This study addressed the issue of predictors of hyperendemicity of West Nile virus in Texas. With the focus of the researcher to undertake a spatial analysis of the virus and its predictors in Texas, Poisson was modeled as the exclusive method to aid the researcher achieve the said goals of the study. The outcome of the study showed that Hockley, Lubbock and Lynn, which were used as primary clusters were all hotspots for the disease. Leon and Robertson were also hotspots thought used as secondary clusters. It was concluded that there is a geographic relation with contracting the disease. The method is different from the intended methodology even though the variables of the population would be slightly same. Shilite T. R. (2003). West Vile Virus and Wild Bird Population. Journal of Medical Entomology. 41(4):539-44. The research was addressed to the issue of the role that birds play in the spread of the West Vile virus. A quasi experiment was used as method for data collection by the researcher, where the outcome of the study showed that indeed American Tree Sparrows have a role to play in the distribution of the disease in man. Between resident species and migrating species, it was concluded that there was increased incidence of West Vile virus as compared to migrating species. In line with the proposed study, the quantitative nature of this research will be adapted but not its population. Bernard KA, Kramer LD. (2001). West Nile virus activity in the United States, 2001. Viral Immunol.14(4):319-38. This study was focuses on addressing the issue of West Vile virus in the whole of the United States to know key risk factors that exposed some people more to the disease as against others. The methodology used was an experimental survey where the researchers experimented with different respondents from as many States of the United States as possible. At the end of the data collection exercise, it was showed that not much control existed as to how people could protect themselves against the disease because its risk factors were not specific. It was therefore concluded that the use of preventive approaches to curtailing the effects of the West Vile virus was the best way out. The quantitative nature of the methodology will be adopted but not a population that was as huge as the one that was used. this because the researcher would want to have a better focus on the sample that will be constructed. Eldridge BF. (1987). Strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of arbovirus diseases in western North America. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 37(3):77S-86S. This was a study that can be said to have addressed a multi-variant approach of issues. This is because the study was focused on several areas of the West Vile virus including surveillance, prevention and control. The method used was a qualitative research which emphasized on the use of document review. The results of the study showed that any best practice that can be taken toward West Vile virus cannot achieve needed results is it is not approached from a holistic perspective that identifies core causes of problems. It was thus concluded that existing best practices need to be reviewed to make them more proactive for change. The qualitative approach used will not be adopted for the future research, as well as the population. Petersen LR, Roehrig JT. (2001). West Nile virus: a reemerging global pathogen. Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):611-4. The researchers of this study went into the study, believing that West Nile virus has not been proactively given the attention it deserves. To this end, they hypothesized that there is a global reemergence of the virus. The study was therefore in place to address the rate of spread of the virus on a globalised scale. It was found that indeed new places continue to emerge as virus prone areas for the West Vile virus. It was therefore concluded that stakeholders need to put in much effort in identifying best practice that is aimed at dealing with the situation from a globalised perspective. The proposed study finds the intervention used in this study as too wide to effectively deal with. In the same way, the qualitative method used in the study will not be adopted. Asnis D. West Nile Infection in the United States: A Review and Update. Inf Med. 2002;19(6):266-78, The study was set out to address issues on current happening with the West Nile infection in the United States. A qualitative approach to data collection was thus taken to present reviews and updates on the disease. More specifically, the researchers used a document review method. The outcome of the study showed that there is mixed achievement with achievement rate on the disease. This is because as much as some areas of the country are making progress, others are recording very awful results. The need for there to be a nationwide intervention that issued the same paradigm shift approach to the situation was thus concluded. The population used is not considered convenient for the proposed study as well as the qualitative approach. Hubalek Z, Halouzka J. West Nile fever--a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):643-50. Unlike most of the research works that have been discussed earlier, this one was focused on Europe as a research setting with the aim to address the reemergence of mosquito-borne West Nile virus. An experimental approach was used with components of quantitative data collection. By and large, it was stressed that the era of mosquito infection of the West Vile virus was back. This is because for some time, the focus had gone to birds as major carries of the disease. It was therefore concluded that mosquito control programs must be revisited. The method used is considered very ideal for the proposed intervention but a much different setting and population will be used. Hubalek Z. European experience with the West Nile virus ecology and epidemiology: could it be relevant for the New World? Viral Immunol. 2000;13(4):415-26. This was a comparative qualitative study that was conducted on how the New World, which in the context of the study was United States, could learn from the experiences of Europe in finding best practices to West Vile virus. The outcome of the study showed that Europe had some of the world’s best practices to West Vile virus. This was generally because in the European context, best practice was viewed from a more preventive approach rather than a curative one. Because of this, it has always been possible to ensure that the harm of the disease is not felt by the populace. It was therefore concluded that United States need a more pragmatic preventive approach to solving its challenges with West Vile virus. As part of the intended intervention, the preventive model used in this study shall be adopted. References Asnis D. (2002). West Nile Infection in the United States: A Review and Update. Inf Med. 19(6):266-78, Bernard KA, Kramer LD. (2001). West Nile virus activity in the United States, 2001. Eldridge BF. (1987). Strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of arbovirus diseases in western North America. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 37(3):77S-86S. Gruszynski K. R. (2006). The epidemiology of West Nile virus in Louisiana. Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Hubalek Z, Halouzka J. (1999). West Nile fever--a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 5(5):643-50. Hubalek Z. European experience with the West Nile virus ecology and epidemiology: could it be relevant for the New World? Viral Immunol. 2000;13(4):415-26. Luanda L. L (2010) .Epidemiological research regarding West Nile virus in Romania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 67(1): 67-75. Petersen LR, Roehrig JT. (2001). West Nile virus: a reemerging global pathogen. Emerg Infect Dis. 7(4):611-4. Shilite T. R. (2003). West Vile Virus and Wild Bird Population. Journal of Medical Entomology. 41(4):539-44. Viral Immunol.14(4):319-38. Wittich A. C. (2007). Spatial analysis of West Nile virus and predictors of Hyperendemicity in the Texas equine industry. Emergency Infectious Diseases. 11(10):1633-5 Read More