Evaluation of Physical and Public Health Article - Essay Example

? Evaluation of Physical and Public Health Article Task Content The try to answer the question that delves into the relationship that exists between the performance of physical activities and the prevention of chronic ailments. They solve the problem of establishing the relationship that exists between physical activities and health benefits. The paper is addressed to health institutions and educational organizations along with individuals who are responsible for spreading the message. The message spread is that physical activities are a requirement for disease prevention and the promotion of health. The authors write this article so that they can encourage the participation of all Americans across all ages in physical activities. The encouragement is passed through the public recommendations on health defining the types along with the amounts of physical activities that are usually required for promoting health and preventing diseases. The authors establish ethos by suggesting that the majority of the American population is sedentary and that most of them are physically inactive. This is the reason that they are calling on their health and educational organizations to spearhead the fight against the lack of physical activity performance (Pate et al, 1995). As a result of reading the article, the authors want the reader to increase their daily activities so that they may decrease their chances of transmitting various chronic diseases. The history of this problem can be traced from epidemiological studies which suggest that physically active individuals tend to have higher health standards than their sedentary neighbors. The main arguments that the authors make imply that increased physical activity is directly linked to prevention of various chronic diseases. They draw the conclusion that if all the Americans led more physically active lives, the public’s health would reap tremendous benefits. The authors carried out reviews on various types of psychological, clinical and epidemiological evidences along with other articles of review and research. The authors have also cited the recommendations made by other exercise and health experts and additionally stated that their recommendations only supplemented the existing ones. The authors of the article are able to substantiate original insights or research by quoting the sources of references used in writing it. They are also able to substantiate them by carrying out cross examinations of the results obtained by various disciplines. The authors’ process of data collection was facilitated through the carrying out of reviews on various articles that provided epidemiological, clinical and physiological material (Pate et al, 1995). The authors interpreted their findings through the process of carrying out reviews through selected experts. They also managed to draw conclusions on various issues by first achieving group consensus on the issues they had at hand. Their conclusions were further to be endorsed by the center on disease control along with prevention. The types of sources that the authors use range from primary research and review articles to evidences from the fields of clinical medicine, epidemiological and physiological studies (Pate et al, 1995). Organization The authors use the cause and effect organization pattern in relaying their information through the article. For example, the authors suggest that if their sedentary people are to change to becoming more physically active then their hospitals and learning institutions should communicate to the public (Pate et al, 1995). They additionally state that the information given to the people should prescribe the correct amount along with types of activities they should indulge in. These activities enable them in the prevention of diseases and promotion of health. The authors integrate various concepts through establishing the relationships that exist between them. They are able to utilize concepts with similar meanings but from different disciplines in justifying their research and recommendations. For example, they establish the relationships that exist between physical activities and health then relate their findings to the recommendations gotten from epidemiology. The placement of conclusions or summaries by the authors of the article is done after they have presented their arguments. The authors begin by expounding the facts that are known from other disciplines after which they present their recommendations and finally their conclusions. The authors move slowly from the concepts that are given in other articles by expounding on them and defining the terminologies utilized. They then introduce their new ideas and give explanations of what they mean or are supposed to do. The movement from one paragraph to another by the authors is usually done through the use paragraph indents. They also use headings to separate the different sections of the article with the subheadings ranging from “determinants of participation in physical activity” to “conclusion”. The authors support the arguments that are being made when they state that physical activities have for a long time been taken to be a vital component of healthy living. They show their support by stating that scientific evidences also reinforce these claims by saying that regular exercises are directly linked to various physical and mental benefits. They also explicitly state that their article borrows heavily from other previously carried out researches such as “the guide to clinical preventive services”. The authors are finally able to establish logos by clearly showing the relationships that exist between the physical activities and some ailments. They also support their claims with previously performed researches from different disciplines. Style The authors address their audience in representation by presenting their facts but they do not let the actual researchers give their information personally. The work of the authors is only given to the reader as a summation of what the panel consisting of experts agreed on. They do not however air the individual views presented by the members of the panel. They define terms such as physical activity, moderate physical activities, exercises and physical fitness. Many other terminologies such as sedentary, health, epidemiological researches and cardiovascular diseases among others have not been defined. They use pathos in describing the agonies that unhealthy people go through due to the lack of adequate physical activities. The agonies include suffering from coronary ailments, poor health and hypertension among other ailments. The types of examples that are used by the authors in the article are from scientifically proven facts and evidences. For instance, the authors claim that epidemiological studies carried out by other people reveal that lower levels of physical activities are very much associated with the causes of poor mortality rates. The authors vary the lengths and structures of their sentences in the article according to the point they want to drive home. If a point has a lot that needs to be expounded, then the authors have made use of commas, articles such as ‘the’ and through the use of words such as ‘but’ and colons before listing examples. The grammar used in the article in terms of punctuations and spellings is correct and up to standard. It is error free and free flowing with the correct forms of punctuation being utilized in the appropriate situations. Finally, the authors can be said to have used passive voices when addressing their audience throughout the article. This is mainly because no direct quotations from any individual have been included within the text. Design The types of visual devices that the authors have utilized in the article are graphs and tables. These tables have been used to indicate examples of physical activities that an individual can undertake. On the other hand, the graphs have been used to show the relationship that exists between physical activities and various benefits of health that one attains by performing them. They have finally also been used to indicate the relationship that exists between the levels of physical activities and heart diseases. The visuals forecast the organization of the article by expounding further on concepts that the readers might not grasp easily. They also help in creating a vivid picture of the situation to the audience. The authors have utilized the above visuals in enabling the audience to have clear pictures of the relationships that exist between various variables. The use of visuals helps the authors in doing away with the use of words to describe otherwise complex relationships. They use the visuals in relaying information that is self explanatory to their audience thereby saving on time and space. The use of the visuals helps in summarizing the trends that are occurring and also help in passing information to even uneducated people. The authors use words and numbers such as figure 1 and Table 1 to represent the visual aids utilized in the paper. Finally, the authors have used page layout and headings to enhance their articles readability by categorizing various pieces of information according to the topics they dwell on. Reference Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S.N., Haskell, W. L., Macera, C.A., Bouchard, C., Buchner, D., Ettinger W., Health, G.W., King, A.C. & Kriske, A. (1995) Physical Activity And Public Health. New York: Springer Publishers. Read More