Estimation of Anaerobic Power and Demonstration of Blood Lactate Testing - Lab Report Example

?ESTIMATION OF ANAEROBIC POWER AND DEMONSTRATION OF BLOOD LACTATE TESTING College Introduction Anaerobic power is an expression used for the maximal exercise up to a maximum of a few minutes and the energy consumed during the exercise given in large measure without necessitating oxygen, since glycogen and the stored phosphagenesin the muscles would only last for the few minutes. At the beginning of a physical exercise, ready energy material is used and therefore no formation of lactate happens. After the exercise has lasted for some time, lactate formed by the breakdown of glycogen without oxygen. When no complete elimination of lactate occurs by buffer systems of the body, lactate production becomes excessive and it accumulates in the muscles and blood. If glycogen stored in the muscle and blood decrease, the exercises slow down and when the aerobic procedures undertaken are not sufficient, we cannot maintain the action any longer. Lactate is a type of metabolic product measured by taking a sample of blood at the fingertip, the same way people who are diabetic monitor their blood sugar level. The blood lactate level increases with physical activity and shows the transition of aerobic activity to anaerobic activity. The measurement is completely individual hence; it gives a precise method for testing and monitoring exercise intensity and recovery. Anaerobic activity indicated by the accumulation of blood lactate during physical activity or exercise. Lactate testing is the most important predictor of performance in event, which last for a significantly long period. These activities include cycling, running, swimming, and even long distance jogging. During exercise, lactate is produced as a by- product of metabolism. Exercising proper balance between lactate production and lactate absorption is the key to effective training and exercise. The Wingate test used for determination of anaerobic power of the lower limb during physical exercise. Previous research has shown that the main source of ATP resynthesis for anaerobic test lasting 30 seconds or more is the breakdown of phosphiocreatine and muscle glucoses with lactate production. The measurements of the amount of lactate in the blood during physical exercise yield important information regarding the frequency of workload and on its scope, on resting-recovery process. The aim of this experiment is to determine effect of the Wingate test on blood lactate. The correlation between PP, RPP and blood lactate will be experimented. This experiment will also determine if there exist any relationship between the type of physical activity and post exercise blood lactate. Method Table X: Characteristics of the participants Subject Gender Their age Their Height Their Weight Chosen Activity A female 31 1.63 50.55 swimming B male 25 1.711 75.6 Soccer C female 27 1.50 55.38 Dancing D male 31 1.67 80.2 swimming Avarage 28 1.61 65.4325 (Inbar, 1996) Participants: four students (2male, 2male) with a mean height (1.62), age (29 ) and weight ( 65.4325kg) from Chicago University willingly accepted to participate in Wingate test. All the participants were in good health. The information regarding the participants is presented in table X. Apparatus The following is a list of apparatus that were used: an Accuntrend portable whole blood lactate analyzer was used together with lactate test strips, Reflotron dispenser, capillary tubes, alcohol swabs, hand sanitizer, band aids, tissue, stop watch, monark cycle ergometer, gloves, goggles and an apron. Procedure The weight of each participant was measured and recorded in kilograms. The load which was applied during the test was calculated by multiplying the weight of the participants by 0.085. The resting heart rate of the participant was then recorded by an automatic heart rate monitor device. Their resting blood lactate was then tested. An ergometer was then used to warm up the participants. This was done by peddling at allow intensity with zero load while the testers made sure that the ergometer was set up correctly. The participant were then allowed to cycle as fast as possible while in a seated position as a tester quickly applied the full, calculated load. Immediately the full load was applied, the stopwatch was started to do the timing. The tester handling the stopwatch announced the time after every ten seconds while a second tester recorded the RPMs at those intervals. During that time another tester was also checking the participant’s HR for the purpose of recording a final maximum HR. This process lasted for one minute after which the participant was instructed to peddle at a lower intensity while the load was removed by the testers. After that, the participant was given a short time to recover. This was to ensure that they were no longer feeling light headed. Another tester re-tested the participant’s blood lactate level. This procedure was done to all the participants until all of them had been tested. Sex Subject used PP (watts) Percentage Ranking RPP (watts/kg) Percentage Ranking Lactate (pre) mmmol.l (post) mmol.l M L 890.2 91 12.7 90 3.5 7.3 F F 484.4 61 9.7 80 3.4 9.3 M G 955.3 91 12.1 90 3.1 8.3 BAC 432.1 41 6.1 10 2.9 12.3 F AVG 691.75 71 9.15 67.5 3.23 10.05 Table 2: Participants’ PP, RPP, Pre-Lactate, and Post Lactate (Inbar, 1996) Participant 1 had a PP of 892, RPP of 11.7, and Pre-lactate of 3.5 and Post-lactate of 7.3. Participant 2 had PP of 484.4, RPP of 8.7, Pre-Lactate of 3.4 and a post-Lactate of 7.3.The third participant (JG) had a PP of 956.3, RPP of 11.1, Pre-Lactate of 3.1 and Post-Lactate of 8.3. Participant 4 (BAC) had a PP of 430.1, RPP of 5.1, Pre-Lactate of 2.9 and Post-Lactate of 11.3 Participant 4(JG) had the highest PP and the second highest RPP. Participant 4(BAC) had the lowest PP, RPP, Pre-Lactate but had the Highest Post-Lactate record. The first participant (JL) had had a higher PP than participants 2(JF) and 4(BAC), he also had the highest RPP and Post-Lactate. The percentile ranking of the PP and RPP for participants 1 and 3 were the same (90). Graph of Pre-Lactate and Post lactate for all tne perticipants (Inbar, 1996) The graph shows that Post-Lactate levels are much higher than Pre-Lactate in all the four perticipants. Discussion There was an apparent difference in the group mean scores for PP and RPP when The males and females were grouped separately. The male exhibited a higher level of PP and RPP than the females. This can be as a result of the males being more active and efficient during the test compared to the women. There was also an apprent difference between group mean scores for PP and RPP when the perticipants were grouped separately as training mostly aerobically or anaerobically. There was an apparent difference between blood lactate concentration prior to (pre) and (post) the Wingtate test. The post lactate level was much higher than the pre lactrate level in the blood. The difference in post lactate and pre lactate levels in the females was significantly higher than tat of the males. From these results, it is evident that anaerobic metabolism increases with power output or effort. This may be as a result of of the body not having the ability to move pyruvate into the mitrochondria for the purposes of oxidation in order to [produce more energy. Factors such as the food taken by the perticipants,activities done before the experiment and their emotional feelings might have contributed to the different levls. It is therefpore to note that for more accurate results, the perticipants should be subjected to the same conditons before the experimen is carried out. Conclusion After the supermaximal exercise lasting 5 minutes, the increase in blood lactate luvel continued up to the 10th minute of th recovery period and at thev 12th minute lactate dropped and was eliminated.According to the study, it can be concluded that recovery period must be atleast 12 minutes for the next supermaximal exercise. The results from this test also shows that anaerobic power can be estimated by using the Wingate testing. There is also a correlation between anaerobic power produced during an exercise and lactate levels in the blood. References Inbar, O., Bar-Or, O., & Skinner, J. S. (1996). The Wingate Anaerobic Test. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Hermina, W. (1999). The effects of different resistances on peak power during the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Bradley, A. L. (1991). The Wingate test: The effect of load on the power outputs of college-age female athletes and nonathletes. Thomas, R. S. (1990). A comparison of three warm-up protocols on power output in the Wingate anaerobic test. Lee, K. S. (2001). Wingate anaerobic test of boys with and without intellectual disability. Read More