The Purpose of National Risk Assessment in Romania - Research Paper Example

Romania Risk Assessment By Table of contents Romania Risk Assessment Table of contents 2 Romania is located on the South East of Central Europe. It border black sea between Ukraine and Bulgaria. The country which is 92,043 sq. miles in area size also borders Serbia, Hungary and Moldova. Romania has a population of roughly 20 million with a temperate continental climate. The country’s largest city, Bucharest is the sixth largest city in terms of size and population within the European Union. Romania is within the traditional territories of the former Roman province of Dacia. It was formed in 1859 via a unique personal union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The new state which is now Romania gained independence in 1877 from the traditional Ottoman Empire. The economy of the country is anchored on services and production of different electric energy and machines with some of the key companies being OMV Petron and Automobile Dacia. Currently the country is regarded as upper-middle income with a super high human development index. Despite the continuous growth in the country, there are a number of challenges and risks that the nation faces that it should deal with to see a continuous growth of the economy and cohesion amongst the people. ("Romania: Risk ratings", 2010, Business Europe, 2010) 3 Risk Analysis 9 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) 30 Fault Tree diagram for National Loss 33 ACTMEDIA, (2015). Russia bans cattle imports from Romania over mad cow disease outbreak. 36 Web < http://actmedia.eu/daily/russia-bans-cattle-imports-from-romania-over-mad-cow- 37 disease-outbreak/53001> accessed June 12, 2015. 37 Cepeoffice (2012). Cyber Security: An Important Dimension of Romania’s National Security. 37 Web < http://cepeoffice.com/2012/08/20/cyber-security-an-important-dimension-of- romanias-national-security/ > accessed June 12, 2015. 37 City Risk Report, (2015). Terrorism Criminal Activity Conflict Unrest Natural Disasters. 37 Web < http://www.hthworldwide.com/tools/securityPDF.cfm?city_id=192> accessed 37 June 12, 2015. 37 Floresc, S., Mihaescu-Pinti, C., Ciutan,M. , Sasu,C., Gălăon, M.(2014). Trauma and 38 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Romania Silvia Florescu. 38 Web < http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/suppl_2/cku166.158> accessed June 38 12, 2015. 38 Romenia. (2010) Computer crime in Romania - press releases overview. 39 Web < http://www.en.criminalitate.info/2010/07/computer-crime-in-romania-press.html> 40 accessed June 12, 2015. 40 "Romania: Risk ratings", 2010, Business Europe, vol. 50, no. 16, pp. 10-11. 40 Romania: Risk ratings. (2010). Business Europe, 50(16), 10-11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/758867939?accountid=45049 40 Romania. (2014). Washington: International Monetary Fund. 40 About Romania Romania is located on the South East of Central Europe. It border black sea between Ukraine and Bulgaria. The country which is 92,043 sq. miles in area size also borders Serbia, Hungary and Moldova. Romania has a population of roughly 20 million with a temperate continental climate. The country’s largest city, Bucharest is the sixth largest city in terms of size and population within the European Union. Romania is within the traditional territories of the former Roman province of Dacia. It was formed in 1859 via a unique personal union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The new state which is now Romania gained independence in 1877 from the traditional Ottoman Empire. The economy of the country is anchored on services and production of different electric energy and machines with some of the key companies being OMV Petron and Automobile Dacia. Currently the country is regarded as upper-middle income with a super high human development index. Despite the continuous growth in the country, there are a number of challenges and risks that the nation faces that it should deal with to see a continuous growth of the economy and cohesion amongst the people. ("Romania: Risk ratings", 2010, Business Europe, 2010) Risks in Romania Risk is the potential loss of something of value. When it is not handled properly or if the country is not well prepared to face it, it can cause great harm to the countries. This harm may be directed to the country’s economy of population. This paper is going to talk of some of the ten risks that have the potential of facing. Some of the identified risks have been categorized into four which includes the natural risks, transportation risk, technological and civil risks. ("Romania: Risk ratings", 2005) The purpose of National Risk assessment Risk assessment and the analysis of the hazard are internationally accepted as important steps in the identification of different challenges a city or a nation may have to address. This procedure can help in the creation of a more detailed risk assessment and the understanding of some of the challenges to be addressed in the country. It also help in building of an interagency framework that handle issues both at local and national level besides assisting comparing risks faced by different cities and the countries and how they deal with them. The assessment also provides away of prioritizing various emergency management procedures, moreover for Romania, the assessment is one of the requirements of the European Union as a way of the management of disasters. (Romania: Risk ratings, 2010) Risk Analysis Natural Flooding The risk of flooding that is explained by the Romanian Academy Geography Institution extended the distribution site of the sites of Seveso; this provided an opportunity for these areas to be categorized as areas that are prone to Natech event. The largest area of the site of Seveso that could be affected by the floods is located in the central and western part of Romania. Sites of Seveso can also be found in Mures, Hunedoara and Alba counties. However, other counties in Romania which do not have Seveso Sites and have a high risk of being affected by the floods are majorly at the west and they include Olt-South, Caransebes-South-West, Giurgiu, and Caras (European Environment Agency, 2010). High temperature/ drought The year 2003 was exceptional when view from a climatic point. Most of the part of Europe was affected by drought with the regime of inadequate precipitation and high temperature. In this year, the maximum temperature that has been highly recorded in the history was exceeded. In England, 38.10C was recorded while Germany and France recorded 40.40C (Mara & Vlad, 2007). The regime of drought occurred quickly and harshly. The southern part of Romania experienced the most droughts due to lack of precipitation, lowering of the groundwater table, a temperature that is high and increased river drought. The combining effect of hydrological and metrological drought caused soil drought which resulted to extreme drought at the local level. Storm In the year 2012, traffic in Bucharest which is the capital city of Romania is experiencing a difficulty in the traffic sector. This is mainly because the country was experiencing heavy snow. The second largest administrative building in the world is cant be seen due to the strong snowstorm that is sweeping the city. Romania is its high alert after the metrological issued a yellow code for blizzards and snowfalls. The storm has blocked twenty-five national roads and two highways. For the last twenty-four hours, two people have lost their lives raising the death tool to twenty-five. (Cosmins, 2012). Transportation Land, air, and transport hub Road accident evaluation for the ten years that have passed at the European and the world level has been increasing since the year 2006. This trend has been linked to the high fleet growth and the number of drivers about the growth of the economy that has been observed until the year 2008. This phenomenon has affected humanity by causing death, damage to property and accidents with temporally or permanent work disability results to trauma and socio-economic costs. This was majorly experienced during the economic recession at the worldwide level. Because Romania fits into this tendency, of intelligent road risk management to ensure a climate that is safe in traffic. (Arssm, 2012). Technological Radiation incidents The first round of risk assessment of using rail for the transportation of radwaste was carried out. The root under assessment was of 764 kilometers of length and covered from Stei to Bucharest. In that root, there exists a single wagon that has a capacity of 72 packages of a volume of 220l that are standard. Some of the radiological risks that were calculated included the routine exposure of radwaste of the transport person and the public. Secondly was the accident in transportation that happens due to population exposure to radiation and environmental contamination (Vieru, 2000). Cyber incidents In the recent years, Romania has witnessed cyber crimes as compared to cyber attacks and there are some that need mentioning (Nakashima, 2010). About cyber crime for an instant in the year 2011, more than 500 people were arrested and over 2000 cyber crime cases were identified (Cepeoffice, 2012). The main activities identified were copying and transmission of credit card data, distribution on production of copying the electronic data for credit cards, forgery of credit card, phishing, fraud in electronic payment, fraud in electronic commerce, illegal altering of the data for computers and unlawful access to computer data (Romenia, 2010). Civil Terrorists activity The capital city of Romania is referred as Bucharest and is located in the countries the south region. The size of the city is about 228-kilometer square, and its population is about 1.9 million. Most of the city population is Romanians with small groups of the population of minority, which includes the Hungarians, Chinese, Roma, Germans, and Turks living in the city. The most widely spoken language that is spoken of the city is Romanian. The Global Terrorist index places Romania as one of the countries that is the safest about terrorism activity. Despite the fact that the threat is minimal, with the growing threats within some countries within the EU, the country must prepare to offer the best. (City Risk Report, 2015). Loss of critical infrastructure Some threats and hazards are inherent, such as processes or system threats as a result of evolution or complexity of process and system. Others are issued maliciously, for purpose or as a result of certain interest. Other threats and hazards are natural as a result of environmental hosting these CIs. In relation to this, hazards and threats in relation to CIs can be categorized as cosmic, geophysics and climatic threats and hazards, threats and hazards resulting from the activities of human and threats and hazards from the virtual space (Macuc &Predoiu 2008). Animal diseases Animal diseases have resulted to great losses from the death of animals (Actmedia, 2015). For instance, the authority of Federal Veterinary and Phytosanitary Control of Russia has banned the importation of bovine cattle, by-products and beef from Romania because of the outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy that is commonly known as the mad cow disease (Htsyndication, 2014). Public disorders In the century that has passed the people of Romania experienced a mixture of social, natural economical and historical shocking events indicating a great level of exposure to the shock of the population in general. Of all the respondents, 41.5% have recorded one or more shocking event in their life. The events frequency is recorded at 131.1 per 100 respondents. The prevalence rate for a lifetime and that within 12months was recorded at 1.2 percent and 0.7 percent. The conditional prevalence of PTSD after being exposed to trauma was recorded at 4.7 percent. The conditional risk of PTSD after being exposed to trauma and the chances of the evolvement of chronic after the onset of PTSD was both high for stalking victims. The conditional risk for PTSD or the lifetime occurrence of PTSD to date episode and the PTSD duration recorded highest for being stalked and decreases gradually for being a domestic violence witness, experience of an incident of life-threatening, domestic violence victim, rape victim, and an the death of the loved one that was unexpected (Floresc, Mihaescu-Pinti, Ciutan, Sasu, Gălăon, 2014). Risk Analysis Classification of Probability Ranking Classification Probability 1 Extremely Unlikely May only occur in situation that are extraordinary, this may after every 500 years or more. 2 Very Unlikely Not always expected to happen, or it is an incident that has never been recorded, may occur once every 100 to 500 years. 3 Unlikely Is an incident that is infrequent and always and has a random occurrence, may occur once every 10 to 100 years 4 likely May occur or is likely to occur, they are incidences that are regularly recorded. Occur on every one to ten years. 5 Very Likely Has a high level of recording incidents, has probability of accruing more than once every year. Classification of Impact Rank Classification Impact Description 1 Very Low Impact Health, life, Welfare Environmental Infrastructure Social Limited number of people affected, between 0-4 Localized or simple contamination Should be above two million Euros Disruption of the local infrastructure and community service for a period of more than forty eight hours. 3 Low Impact Health, life, Welfare Environmental Infrastructure Social Four to eight casualties, a significant number of people affected. It also entails disruption of a good number of people for a period of two to eight days. Affects for a short duration, it is simple and it’s of regional contamination. Should be above two million but not more than twenty four million Significantly inconveniences the functioning of the community 5 Moderate Impact Health, life, Welfare Environmental Infrastructure Social About eight to twenty casualties, serious or injuries that are extensive, major hospitalization Contamination that is heavy and is of extended duration. Above twenty four million and not more than eighty million Euros. Partial functioning of the community and some services available 7 High impact Health, life, Welfare Environmental Infrastructure Social About one hundred seriously injured and twenty to fifty casualties and approximately 1600 persons evacuated. Contamination is heavy; the effect is wide spread and is for a duration that is extended. About eighty to two hundred Euros The service available is minimal and there is a poor functioning of the community. 9 Very High Impact Health, life, Welfare Environmental Infrastructure Social More than 1600 persons evacuated, hundreds of people seriously injured, The effect is for an extended duration and the contamination is very heavy. Not more than two hundred million Euros. Infrastructures are seriously damaged and cause loss of important services for a significance period of time. Romanian National Risk Matrix RISK IDENTIFICATION QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT RISK RESPONSE OR ACTION PLAN RISK ID# Risk event Effect Probability Impact OV Risk Matrix Actions 1 Flooding Interferes with the agricultural production, decreases the size of land that is arable, destroys property, results into some tropical diseases when not controlled ;Destruction of people’s livelihoods; loss of lives L M 45   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 43 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Building of coastal defence walls, retaining of the walls, ensure there is proper planning of city expansions, working with locals to avoid any unnecessary buildings on water lines, vegetation and the detention of the basins (Dumbrava & Iacob, 2013) monitor rainfall to prevent flooding and related disasters; construct concrete walls and warning systems; use text messaging, sirens and loudspeakers to warn residents on incidences of floods; insuring property and lives from flooding and mudslides 2 High temperature/drought Low agricultural production, poor vegetation, poor crop performance, environmental degradation, gradual sinking of land surface, Increased incidences of hunger, Destructive Force of Inundation L L 43   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 43 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Water rationing programs, augmentation, public information and education campaigns, search for new water supplies, water service restrictions, prohibition of the selected commercial uses, drought emergency pricing and water service restrictions 3 Storm Destruction of property, infrastructure, Destruction of people’s livelihoods; loss of lives; alteration of the natural environment; spread of airborne diseases, Very huge amount of water is released in a tropical storm U L 33   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely 33 Likely Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high using barges with upward-pointing jet engines to trigger smaller storms, Dropping environmentally friendly oils on the surface of the sea to prevent the formation of droplets, pumping of sea water; the methods however requires a lot of research and scientific proof 4 Land, air and transport hub source of pollution, Release of greenhouse gases; potential effects on biodiversity; road accidents L M 35   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely 35 Likely Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Ensure proper regulations on traffic rules, Awareness and shift towards sustainable forestry; sensitization on damaging effects of prolific logging; enacting deforestation reduction policy; develop a clear waste management systems 5 Radiation incidents Causes cancer and other diseases, lose of hair, reduces productivity of the people, diverts expenditure to other levels, interferes with the reproduction amongst people, Population weakened by disease; high medical bills; deaths to the population; Increased compensation costs L VH 39   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely 39 Likely Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Ensure proper regulation for various industries whose activities lead to the release of radioactive elements, avoid the manufacturing of radioactive products, ensure proper ways are adopted to deal with cases of radiation, enhance the capacity of the hospitals to deal with the incidences 6 Cyber incidents Poses a threat to the economy of a country, results to financial losses by the company, Results into incidences of hacking hence loss of private data L H 47   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 47 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Invest in the best technological skills internally to thwart some of the incidences of cyber attacks, purchase the best materials from reputable companies that cannot be hacked easily, Ensure better security mechanisms are adopted to protect the private data 7 Terrorist activity Threatens the security of a country, reduces the number of investments, reduces foreign direct investments, unemployment as a result of poor investments, reduced tourist L VH 49   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 49 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Invest on the internal capacity of the security management to thwart incidences of insecurity, Invest more on the gathering of intelligence, Increase the number of security personnel, buy the best machines used by the security personnel 8 Loss of critical infrastructure Reduced economic growth, reduced movement of the people, unemployment, illiteracy, Loss of taxes to government; damaged national reputation; U L 33   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely 33 Likely Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Increase the investment on key infrastructure in the country, Educate the locals on the need to maintain the infrastructure, Legislate strong policies to deal with the offenders and those destroying the infrastructure 9 Animal diseases Reduced food availability, Poses a risk to the lives of the people, Animal deaths and therefore reduced employment to those working in the industry L M 43   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 43 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Increase the number of trained professionals to tackle the continuous growing incidences of diseases, invest on the best technology to deal with the new cases, import the best drugs to deal with the diseases, immediate isolation of the cases of affected animals from others 10 Public disorders increased criminal activities; inflation of real estate property market prices, Loss of cultural and individual identity; loss of livelihoods; diminished national diversity, loss of family institutions L L 43   Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 43 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Train the people on the need to respect the local culture, invest in the local culture as a way of tourist attraction; legislate strong policies to deal with those who violate the law and encourage the public through campaigns to reduce incidences of public disorders. RISK NATIONAL LOSSES RISK ID# Risk event Nation Industry Population Individual 1 Flooding Destruction of property, loss of productivity, Lack of enough food to feed the populace, increased food products due to poor supply Fear to invest on agricultural products Destruction of people’s livelihoods; loss of lives 2 High temperature/drought Low agricultural production, poor vegetation environmental degradation, , gradual sinking of land surface Increased incidences of hunger, Force of Inundation , poor crop performance, 3 Storm Destruction of infrastructure, loss of lives; alteration of the natural environment; spread of airborne diseases, Very huge amount of water is released in a tropical storm Destruction of property; huge compensation costs Loss of productive population; low level of resilience and ability to rebuild lives; Destruction of people’s livelihoods; Destruction of property, 4 Land, air and transport hub Destruction of clean environment because of pollution, potential effects on biodiversity Release of greenhouse gases; ,Reduced viability in agriculture, fishing, and forest products ; road accidents , Increased toxicity and treatment costs; exposure to adverse environmental challenges such as desertification Loss of livelihoods; conflicts over diminishing resources 5 Radiation incidents Reduced viability and productivity; diminished sustainability; diverts expenditure to other levels, interferes with the reproduction amongst people, Population weakened by disease Increased compensation costs reduces productivity of the people, ; high medical bills; Loss of livelihoods because of cancer and other diseases, deaths to the population; lose of hair, 6 Cyber incidents Loss of national data, Reduced confidence in the country’s internal data Loss of trust in most of the industry’s data, increased expenses on data protection Threat of data kept by various company’s Loss of Private information to hackers 7 Terrorist activity Threatens the security of a country, reduces the number of investments, reduces foreign direct investments, unemployment as a result of poor investments, reduced tourist ; loss of creativity and innovation in industries Unemployment and insecure cities Loss of Confidence to invest 8 Loss of critical infrastructure On roads, Reduced economic growth, unemployment, illiteracy, Loss of taxes to government; Lowers investment and limits Foreign Direct Investment, reduced movement of the people, damaged national reputation;, Shift in working culture and productivity of the population; Loss of Livelihoods 9 Animal diseases Loss of taxes and revenue to the government Poses a risk to the lives of the people, Reduced food availability, Animal deaths and therefore reduced employment to those working in the industry 10 Public disorders Loss of national identity and diversity increased criminal activities;, Loss of cultural and individual identity; loss of livelihoods; diminished national diversity; Diminished cultures and extinction of artifacts and cultural beliefs Loss of family institutions ;Weakening cultural and social bonds between individuals Loss of social Connections and individual cohesiveness Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) This is delineated as a top down way of conducting a deductive failure analysis whereby the state of system which is not desired is analyzed through the use of Boolean logic to combine different series of events in the low levels. The tree is usually developed after seeking the immediate causes of accident. The fault tree for Romania is as below Fault Tree diagram for National Loss The Fault tree diagram for Romania was developed by first analyzing its systems. The committee in charge of the risk assessment then conducts the study to measure to asses and analyze the impact of the same on the general population. During the period of assessment, some of the two issues that are key and need to be considered are; the probability of assessment and the potential impact examination. The criteria of the likelihood and impact are to be used as the basis for decision making. The system of classification is based on a risk assessment guide in the major management of emergency (DEHLG, 2010). In determining the types of risk that exists it is wise to show the relative lively hood of the risk occurrence against its impact. In the case of Romania there are four categories of the risks which includes natural, transportation, technology and civil. Under natural risks, there are flooding, drought and storms. The transportation hazard is land, air and transportation hub while under technology there is radiation incidence and cyber incidences. Lastly, under civil, there are terrorism, loss of critical infrastructure, animal disease and public disorder. The natural risks and civil risks pose some of the greatest threats to Romania and therefore greater attention and funding needs to be injected in these particular areas. In dealing with the situation within the fault tree diagram, the first step is to analyze the root causes of the problem before coming up with a working solution. Plan on How to Spend the GDP and to deal with the risks The Gross Domestic product of Romania for 2015 is expected to hit USD200.37. The paper will assume that 1% of the GDP will be used to deal with the stated risks. 1% of the above figure is roughly USD2 Billion. (Romania, 2014) RISK Risk Risk rating Portion of 1% of GDP allocated (USD) Justification 1 Flooding 45 310 Million Given that flooding interferes with the productivity and food availability of people, it is necessary that enough funds are invested to control it. The funds will be used in the construction of coastal defense walls, empower the agriculture and metrological departments to conduct training and other mechanisms to control flooding 2 High temperature/drought 43 390 Million The funds are required to fund different programs that will facilitate rationing program. There are also trainings that are recommended to the public 3 Storm 33 100 Million The main aim of the finances is to fund research and development programs in the country to ensure that incidences of storms are thwarted in the country 4 Land, air and transport hub 35 The funds are needed for training and workshops on the need to observe some of the laws. Funds are also required for the reforestation program in the country and enhance the strengths of local cities to deal with wastes 5 Radiation incidents 39 90 Million The government will build more cancer centres and therefore more funds are required. There is also the research and development department that is set to ensure that the best ways to deal with radiation is adopted. 6 Cyber incidents 47 50 The funds will be used to open up centres that train young professionals to deal with cyber security in the country. The other portion will be used to recruit personnel and services of consultants 7 Terrorist activity 49 270 Million The money will be used in buying some of the latest machines to be used in protecting the country against terrorist activities. It will also strengthen the intelligence system through new recruits and training. 8 Loss of critical infrastructure 33 490 Million The funds will be used in various renovation programs in the country on different infrastructure. It will also be used on different training programs within the country. 9 Animal diseases 43 250 Million The funds will be used to conduct research on different platforms. Besides, it will also be used in getting some of the best drugs to deal with the problem 10 Public disorders 43 50 million The government will come up with programs that train the people and informing them on the need to embrace their cultures. It will also enhance the capacity of the institutions to train young people on various best public practices. Conclusion The Romania national risk assessment provides an insight to some of the threats that the country faces and the impact t may have on the performance of the economy. It is clear that at least each of the problems pose a challenge to the country and necessary actions need to be addressed. As part of European Union member’s expectations, the country must ensure that all methods to mitigate the risks are encouraged and followed. The government can use the information to during planning in terms of its budgetary allocations. The assessment categorized the risks into civil, transport natural and technological. The assessment highlights the likelihood of the events occurring and the associated impacts and some of the actions to be undertaken to control the risks. The funding of the 1% GDP is based on the ranking of the risks. This assessment however notes that the ranking changes depending on the new information obtained. The plan to allocate the resources/funds is justified for Romania to be able to deal with possible threats to its economy. Bibliography ACTMEDIA, (2015). Russia bans cattle imports from Romania over mad cow disease outbreak. Web < http://actmedia.eu/daily/russia-bans-cattle-imports-from-romania-over-mad-cow- disease-outbreak/53001> accessed June 12, 2015. Arssm, (June – October 2012). National Campaign for Safety Traffic and Motor Vehicle Maintenance in Romania. Web < http://www.arssm.ro/english- documentation/short%20presentation%202nd%20edition%20of%20traffic%20risk%20ca mpaign.pdf> accessed June 11, 2015. Cepeoffice (2012). Cyber Security: An Important Dimension of Romania’s National Security. Web < http://cepeoffice.com/2012/08/20/cyber-security-an-important-dimension-of- romanias-national-security/ > accessed June 12, 2015. City Risk Report, (2015). 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Appendix Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 43 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high 3 Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely 33 Likely Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high 4 Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely 35 Likely Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high 5 Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely 39 Likely Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high 6 Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 47 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high 7 Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 49 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high 8 Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely 33 Likely Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high 9 Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 43 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high 10 Probability RISK RANKING MATRIX Extremely unlikely Very Unlikely Unlikely Likely 43 Very likely Impact Very low impact LOW impact Moderate impact High Very high Read More